txheem
Hauj lwm
Cawv lossis dej cawv (los ntawm lat. ntsuj plig - plig) - yog cov tsev sib xyaw nrog cov chav kawm sib txawv thiab dav. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv dav yog ethyl, methyl thiab phenylethyl dej cawv. Txawv ntawm cov dej cawv muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog tau txais hauv chav kuaj tab sis kuj muaj nyob hauv xwm.
Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nplooj (xws li, methyl), ib txwm fermented organic khoom (ethanol) nyob rau hauv cov roj yam tseem ceeb. Qee cov vitamins yog cov cawv hauv chav kawm: A, B8, thiab D. Cawv hauv lub cev ib txwm muaj xim pob tshab, tus cwj pwm ntse tsw, thiab saj. Nws yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau oily thiab fatty khoom. Lub zog ntawm cawv txawv ntawm 95,57 txog 100.
Cov dej cawv muaj cov cawv uas paub rau tib neeg txij li puag thaum ub los. Muaj pov thawj keeb kwm tias ntau dua 8 txhiab xyoo BC, tib neeg siv cov cawv txiv ntoo thiab paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev. Thawj qhov nplua nuj hauv feem pua ntawm dej cawv tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Arab chem 6-7 ib-paus xyoo AD. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, tib neeg tsim tawm thawj ethanol hauv Ltalis thaum xyoo 11th-12th. Ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws Thaj Chaw, thawj cov cawv cawv yog brandy, uas tau coj nyob rau hauv 1386 los ntawm Genoese tus sawv cev. Txawm li cas los xij, 100% cawv tau nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm kev sim tshuaj tsuas yog xyoo 1796 los ntawm chemist Ie Lovecam.
Cawv kev tsim khoom lag luam
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov cawv ethyl, hluavtaws thiab ntuj fermentation. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog txoj kev thib ob. Raws li cov khoom siv raw, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov nplej, cov qos yaj ywm, txhuv, pob kws, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, pas nrig qab zib-ib nyoos. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev tsim cawv pib tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv cov poov xab, enzymes, thiab kab mob. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom muaj ntau theem:
- xaiv, ntxhua, thiab puas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw;
- qhov tawg ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm fermentation rau cov suab thaj yooj yim;
- poov xab fermentation;
- lub distillation nyob rau hauv lub theem sab saud;
- kev ua kom huv ntawm cov tau txais dej-cawv kua los ntawm impurities thiab hnyav feem.
Hauv tsev, haus cawv kom zoo yog ua tsis tau kom tau.
Cov dej cawv tau siv dav hauv ntau lub lag luam. Nws yog nrov hauv tshuaj, perfumery thiab kho kom zoo nkauj kev lag luam, khoom noj khoom haus, distillery, thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
Cov txiaj ntsig dej cawv
Cov dej cawv muaj ntau tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev siv. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog, siv rau kev ntxuav ntawm cov twj kho mob, tawv nqaij, thiab tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob ua ntej kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li, cov neeg tsim dej cawv ntxiv ua rau tus neeg ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov pa tawm ntawm huab cua thiab yog nrov ua cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, tinctures, thiab rho. Hauv cov cawv ua kev lag luam, cov tuam ntxhab siv cov cawv los kho cov dej cawv thiab khoom noj yog cov khoom khaws cia thiab cov xim ntuj thiab xim txawv.
Hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem, lawv siv cawv cawv los ntawm qhov kub siab, ua kom sov sov, thiab ua cov tshuaj tinctures. Ie, cawv nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv yog ib qho dej haus uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txhawm rau kho kev ua pa, mob khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas, thiab mob ntsws, nws yuav tsum tau siv tincture ntawm eucalyptus, calendula, thiab Kalanchoe. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog ntim hauv 100 g. Ua tib zoo zuaj thiab hliv ib nrab lub raj mis nrog cawv. Tawm rau peb hnub hauv qhov chaw tsaus. Npaj cov tshuaj sib tov sib xyaw nrog dej sov hauv qhov sib piv 1:10 thiab yaug tsis pub tsawg dua 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Yog hais tias muaj tus kab mob
Thaum muaj ntshav siab, mob plawv, thiab cov hlab ntshav, koj tuaj yeem siv tincture ntawm paj paj (300 g), grated liab beet (200 g), kua txiv cranberry (100 g), kua txiv ntawm ib lub txiv qaub, kua zib ntab (250 g) ethanol (250 ml.). Tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw kom huv si thiab tawm mus rau infuse rau 4-5 hnub. Npaj tincture yuav tsum noj 1 tablespoon 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Yuav kom nqaim dilated leeg - ua qhov txhuam thiab compresses ntawm tincture ntawm nees ntseej. Txhawm rau npaj, koj yuav tsum zuaj 6-10 cov txiv ntseej hauv nruab nrab thiab npog lawv nrog cawv (500 g). Infuse qhov sib tov tsis pub dhau 14 hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus. Cov tshuaj ua tiav siv rau cov kev tawm dag zog 3 zaug hauv ib hnub ntawm txhais ceg nrog cov leeg thiab tshaj tawm 30 tee 3 zaug ib hnub. Lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob yog nyob ib ncig ntawm ib hlis.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo yog tincture ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm barberry. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab lossis qhuav (2 tbsp) nchuav nrog cawv (100 g.) Thiab muab nws tso rau 14 hnub. Kev npaj ua kom tiav yuav tsum tau ntim hauv 20 txog 30 tee diluted hauv 50 ml dej 3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob pib tshwm tom qab 15 hnub ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj.
Kev phom sij ntawm kev haus dej caw thiab contraindications
Cawv siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol), kev nqus tau mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov ua kom nkees nkees, muaj cov tshuaj yeeb, lossis tuag taus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm kev nqus ntawm vapors, ntawm 8 txog 21 teev.
Methyl cawv rau kev noj khoom haus sab hauv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha (sib tw, qaug dab peg, qaug dab peg), hlab plawv (tachycardia) cov kab ke. Nws cuam tshuam cov retina thiab optic hlab ntsha, ua rau tag nrho cov dig muag. Kev haus ntau tshaj 30 g ntawm cov cawv no tshwm sim muaj kev tuag.
Ethanol tsis txaus ntshai tab sis kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo rau lub cev. Ua ntej, los ntawm cov hnoos qeev ntawm lub plab thiab lub plab tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav sai, qhov kev nkag siab mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws rau 20-60 feeb tom qab noj. Qhov thib ob, cuam tshuam ob npaug ntawm lub paj hlwb: ua ntej, ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab muaj kev nyuaj siab. Yog li nyob rau hauv coob tus neeg tuag thiab ua rau cov hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb qis. Qhov thib peb, cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev: daim siab, ob lub raum, zais zis, txiav, thiab lwm yam.
