Hluav taws xob poob siab

Xyoo 2022, nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub neej tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Hauv lub neej niaj hnub niaj hnub no, nws muab txhua yam hauv peb lub neej. Txhua hnub peb cia siab rau nws hauv chaw ua haujlwm, thaum mus ncig thiab, ntawm chav kawm, hauv tsev. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob feem ntau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj teeb meem, hluav taws xob poob siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho, cov chaw tsim khoom, lossis txawm tias koj lub tsev.

Thaum ib tug neeg raug mob los ntawm hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias yuav ua li cas los pab tus neeg raug tsim txom. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov kev pheej hmoo uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pab tus neeg raug hluav taws xob poob siab thiab yuav pab li cas yam tsis ua rau koj tus kheej muaj kev phom sij.

Thaum hluav taws xob kov lossis hla lub cev, nws hu ua hluav taws xob poob siab (electrocution). Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob qhov twg muaj hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab yog los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev raug mob hnyav thiab tuag. Kwv yees li 5% ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv cov chav kub hnyiab tau cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob poob siab. Txhua tus neeg uas tau txais kev poob siab lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Qhov hluav taws xob shock yog dab tsi?

Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem tau txais hluav taws xob poob vim yog kev xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev tsis raug. Ib qho hluav taws xob poob siab tshwm sim thaum hluav taws xob tam sim no tawm ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob mus rau ib feem ntawm lub cev.

Kev raug mob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog:

• cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug lossis khoom siv;
• kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev;
• cov kab hluav taws xob;
• xob laim;
• hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob

Muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev raug mob hluav taws xob:

Flash, luv luv tshuab: Sudden trauma feem ntau ua rau kub hnyiab. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov arc, uas yog ib hom hluav taws xob tawm. Tam sim no tsis nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Ignition: Cov kev raug mob no tshwm sim thaum muaj hluav taws xob tawm ua rau tus neeg lub khaub ncaws tuaj yeem raug hluav taws. Tam sim no tej zaum yuav los yog tsis dhau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

xob laim ntaus: kev raug mob yog txuam nrog luv luv tab sis high voltage ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog. Tam sim no ntws los ntawm tib neeg lub cev.

Circuit Court kaw: tus neeg ua ib feem ntawm lub voj voog thiab cov hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub cev.

Cov pob los ntawm cov chaw hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv me me tsis tshua muaj kev raug mob hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cuag nrog hluav taws xob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab

Qhov kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev swb yog nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm "tso tseg" - lub zog tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov "cia mus" qhov pib yog theem uas tus neeg cov leeg tau cog lus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tso hluav taws xob mus txog thaum ib tus neeg tshem tawm nws yam xyuam xim. Peb yuav qhia meej tias dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev rau qhov sib txawv tam sim no lub zog, ntsuas hauv milliamps (mA):

• 0,2 - 1 mA - qhov hluav taws xob tshwm sim (tingling, hluav taws xob poob siab);
• 1 - 2 mA - muaj qhov mob tshwm sim;
• 3 - 5 mA - tso tawm qhov pib rau cov menyuam yaus;
• 6 - 10 mA - qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso tawm rau cov neeg laus;
• 10 - 20 mA - spasm yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag;
• 22 mA - 99% ntawm cov neeg laus tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm ntawm cov hlau;
• 20 - 50 mA - convulsions yog ua tau;
• 50 - 100 mA - lub plawv dhia yuav tshwm sim.

Cov hluav taws xob hauv tsev hauv qee lub teb chaws yog 110 volts (V), nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nws yog 220 V, qee cov khoom siv xav tau 360 V. Muaj thiab cov kab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 100 V. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab ntawm 000 V lossis ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau tob kub hnyiab, thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm 500-110 V tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij.

Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem tau txais hluav taws xob poob yog tias lawv tau ntsib nrog cov hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom siv me me, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm phab ntsa, lossis txuas txuas ntxiv. Cov kev poob siab no tsis tshua muaj kev raug mob hnyav lossis muaj teeb meem.

Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob tuag tshwm sim hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Cov hauj lwm uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog muaj xws li:

• kev tsim kho, leisure thiab tsev so lag luam;
• kev kawm thiab kev kho mob;
• kev pab thiab zaub mov;
• Ntau lawm.

Ntau yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov hnyav ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab, suav nrog:

• lub zog tam sim no;
• hom tam sim no - alternating tam sim no (AC) lossis ncaj qha tam sim no (DC);
• mus txog qhov twg ntawm lub cev tam sim no ncav cuag;
• ntev npaum li cas tus neeg nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov tam sim no;
• tam sim no tsis kam.

Cov tsos mob thiab cov teebmeem ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab

Cov tsos mob ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab nyob ntawm ntau yam. Kev raug mob los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob muaj feem ntau yuav ua rau sab nraud, thiab kev raug hluav taws xob ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab.

Kev raug mob thib ob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob poob rau hauv lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Tus neeg yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog lub pob tw, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob qis lossis poob thiab raug mob rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

lub sij hawm luv luv. Nyob ntawm qhov hnyav, qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawm kev raug mob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• kub hnyiab;
• arrhythmia;
• xua;
• tingling los yog loog ntawm lub cev;
• tsis nco qab;
• mob taub hau.

Qee tus neeg yuav ntsib kev tsis xis nyob tab sis tsis pom kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, thaum lwm tus yuav ntsib qhov mob hnyav thiab pom tseeb cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Cov neeg uas tsis tau ntsib kev raug mob hnyav lossis mob plawv tsis zoo li 24 txog 48 teev tom qab raug hluav taws xob tsis zoo li yuav txhim kho lawv.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav dua tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• rau leej twg;
• mob plawv mob;
• nres ua pa.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntev. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov tib neeg uas tau txais hluav taws xob poob siab yuav tsis muaj teeb meem plawv ntau dua 5 xyoos tom qab qhov xwm txheej ntau dua li cov uas tsis ua. Ib tug neeg yuav ntsib ntau yam tsos mob, nrog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, paj hlwb, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev. Lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD);
• nco ploj;
• mob;
• kev nyuaj siab;
• tsis zoo concentration;
• kev nkees;
• ntxhov siab vim, tingling, mob taub hau;
• pw tsis tsaug zog;
• tsaus muag;
• txwv ntau ntawm kev txav;
• txo concentration;
• poob ntawm qhov sib npaug;
• mob leeg pob txha;
• nco ploj;
• sciatica;
• teeb meem sib koom ua ke;
• ceeb ntshai;
• kev txav tsis sib haum xeeb;
• tsaus ntuj tawm hws.

Txhua tus neeg uas raug hluav taws xob poob los yog raug hluav taws xob poob siab yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob.

Kev pab thawj zaug rau hluav taws xob poob siab

Cov hluav taws xob me me, xws li los ntawm cov khoom siv me me, feem ntau tsis tas yuav kho. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug neeg yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob yog tias lawv tau txais hluav taws xob poob siab.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tau txais ib tug high voltage shock, lub tsheb thauj neeg mob yuav tsum tau hu tam sim ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub yuav ua li cas teb kom raug:

1. Tsis txhob kov tib neeg vim lawv tseem yuav raug cuam tshuam nrog qhov hluav taws xob.
2. Yog tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ua li ntawd, tua lub hwj chim. Yog tias qhov no tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, siv cov ntoo uas tsis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov duab los qhia, lossis cov yas txav qhov chaw deb ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom.
3. Thaum lawv tawm ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob, xyuas tus neeg lub plawv thiab saib seb lawv ua tsis taus pa. Yog tias lawv qhov ua pa qis, pib CPR tam sim ntawd.
4. Yog hais tias tus neeg tsis muaj zog los yog daj ntseg, muab nws tso kom nws lub taub hau qis dua nws lub cev, thiab tuav nws ob txhais ceg.
5. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob kov qhov kub hnyiab lossis tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws uas hlawv.

Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kho mob plawv (CPR) koj yuav tsum:

1. Muab koj txhais tes tso rau ntawm ib sab ntawm koj lub hauv siab. Siv koj lub cev hnyav, thawb qis thiab nrawm thiab siv 4-5 cm tob compressions. Lub hom phiaj yog ua 100 compressions hauv 60 vib nas this.
2. Ua pa ua pa. Ua li no, xyuas kom tus neeg lub qhov ncauj huv si, qaij lawv lub taub hau rov qab, tsa lawv lub puab tsaig, tuav lub qhov ntswg, thiab tshuab rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kom tsa lawv lub hauv siab. Muab ob txoj pa cawm siav thiab txuas ntxiv compressions.
3. Rov ua qhov txheej txheem no kom txog thaum kev pab tuaj txog lossis txog thaum tus neeg pib ua pa.

Pab hauv tsev kho mob:

• Hauv chav xwm txheej ceev, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas lub cev kom zoo los soj ntsuam cov kev raug mob sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Cov kev sim ua tau muaj xws li:
• electrocardiogram (ECG) los saib xyuas lub plawv dhia;
• xam tomography (CT) los kuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb, txha nraub qaum, thiab hauv siab;
• kuaj ntshav.

Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab

Hluav taws xob poob siab thiab kev raug mob lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam ntawm me me mus rau qhov hnyav. Hluav taws xob cuam tshuam feem ntau tshwm sim hauv tsev, yog li xyuas koj cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua rau kev puas tsuaj.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ze thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb ib txwm muaj. Yog tias tus neeg tau txais hluav taws xob poob siab heev, muab kev pabcuam thawj zaug yog tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob.

Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb

Peb tau tham txog qhov teeb meem nrog Neurologist ntawm qeb siab tshaj Evgeny Mosin.