txheem
Ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) yog ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau thiab cov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob endocrine. Nws tuaj yeem yug los yog tsim maj mam. Hauv cov theem thaum ntxov, cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsawg dua, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj tus kab mob. Cov neeg rog heev muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim hom mob ntshav qab zib hom II, yog li, kev noj zaub mov noj yuav dhau los ua ib txoj kev kho mob rau lawv, thiab rau cov neeg rog rog feem ntau, nws yuav yog txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv.
Cov Ntsiab Lus txog Khoom Noj Muaj Txhaum Rau Cov Neeg Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
Lub koom haum American Diabetes Association tau sau ntau lub ntsiab lus kev qhia noj haus txhawm rau txhim kho kev zom zaub mov hauv cov neeg mob, uas yog ua kom txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua thiab maj mam hloov kho tus mob. Kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib kom nyob thoob plaws ib hnub - nws yuav tsum tsis pub dhau (ib txwm ntsuas). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo, tab sis yog tias ib tug neeg mob mob siab rau hyperglycemia, ces cov tshuaj insulin yog qhia rau nws. Txhua cov lus nug ntawm txoj kev kho yuav tsum tau daws tshwj rau tus kws kho mob koom nrog thiab nco ntsoov tias kev kho tshuaj tsis thim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo.
Caloric kom tsawg yuav tsum tau muab xam raws li kev xav ntawm lub cev (hnyav, qhov siab, hnub nyoog) thiab kev ua neej. Ntawm no, nrog rau cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv, koj nquag tshaj, koj yuav tsum muaj calories ntau dua. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov zaub mov, nrog rau cov khoom noj txom ncauj, yuav tsum yog 5-6 zaug. Tus kws qhia noj zaub mov ua kom pom zoo kom siv cov zaub mov sib cais kom tsis txhob muaj glycemic load thiab spikes hauv cov ntshav qab zib.
carbohydrates
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum nyob ntawm thaj tsam 40-60%. Txij li cov tib neeg no muaj cov roj metabolism tsis txaus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov ntawv qhia zaub mov raws li cov carbohydrates. Nws ntseeg tias cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tsis txhob noj qab zib thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj GI ntau dua, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias txawm tias ib qho kev pabcuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov carbohydrates feem ntau ua rau kev dhia hauv qab zib theem, yog li lawv cov kev noj yuav tsum raug tswj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib ntawm txhua hom tsom mus rau qhov ntsuas glycemic thaum xaiv cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tag nrho cov carbohydrates ib hnub yog tas mus li yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov zaub mov.
Txog qhov no, cov kws noj zaub mov pib siv lub tswv yim ntawm "chav ua mov ci" (XE)-ntsuas sib npaug li 12-15 grams ntawm cov zom zaub mov carbohydrates. Ntawd yog, tsis yog 12-15 g ntawm cov khoom, tab sis carbohydrates hauv nws. Nws tuaj yeem yog 25 g ntawm qhob cij, 5-6 biscuits, 18 g ntawm oatmeal, 65 g ntawm qos yaj ywm lossis 1 txiv apples nruab nrab. Nws tau pom tias 12-15 g ntawm carbohydrates ua kom cov piam thaj nce los ntawm 2,8 mmol / l, uas yuav tsum tau 2 units. cov tshuaj insulin. Tus naj npawb ntawm "chav qhob cij" hauv ib pluas noj yuav tsum nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 3 txog 5. XE cov lus yuav pab ua kom muaj kev noj zaub mov ntau yam thiab tsis mus dhau qhov xav tau ntawm cov carbohydrates.
rog
Tag nrho cov roj txhua hnub yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 50 g. Hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum txwv tsis pub muaj cov rog txaus los ntawm cov nqaij ( yaj, nqaij npuas, os). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv atherosclerosis, koj yuav tsum txwv cov khoom noj uas muaj roj (cholesterol) siab (siab, hlwb, plawv). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, qhov sib faib ntawm cov rog hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum suav tsis pub ntau tshaj 30% ntawm tag nrho cov calories. Ntawm cov no, 10% yuav tsum muaj roj saturated los ntawm cov khoom tsiaj, 10% polyunsaturated thiab 10% monounsaturated rog.
Cov nqaijrog
Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov protein nyob hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov ntshav qab zib yog 15-20% ntawm cov calorie kom tsawg. Hauv lub raum mob, cov protein yuav tsum tsawg. Qee pawg ntawm cov tib neeg xav tau cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau. Cov no yog cov menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas muaj ntshav qab zib, cev xeeb tub thiab lactating poj niam, cov neeg muaj teeb meem thiab lub cev qaug zog. Rau lawv, cov kev xav tau raug muab xam raws 1,5-2 g ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav.
Lwm cov fais fab Cheebtsam
Cov tseev kom muaj rau lwm cov khoom noj muaj raws li nram no:
- Cov fiber ntau tswj cov ntshav qab zib, txhim kho kev zom, thiab txo qhov kev nqus ntawm cov roj cholesterol. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hauv kev noj haus muaj fiber ntau dua thiab ntau ntxiv mus txog 40 g / hnub;
- Cov txiv qab zib yog ib qho hloov zoo rau cov piam thaj thiab pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj spikes hauv ntshav qabzib. Cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tau ua pov thawj tias feem ntau cov zaub mov qab zib hauv lub cev tsawg yog tsis muaj mob thaum noj nyob rau hauv cov khw tsim cov khoom noj;
- Ntsev yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10-12 g / hnub;
- Cov dej yuav tsum yog 1,5 litres ib hnub;
- Cov vitamins thiab cov zaub mov tuaj yeem raug them ib nrab los ntawm kev npaj cov tshuaj multivitamin nyuaj, tab sis thaum suav cov zaub mov noj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tseem ceeb tau muab nrog zaub mov. Hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, cov no feem ntau yog zinc, tooj liab thiab manganese, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tswj cov qib qab zib.
Rau cov tib neeg uas tseem ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov protein, cov rog thiab carbohydrates, chav ua mov ci thiab lwm yam khoom noj, koj tuaj yeem pib nrog kev noj haus kev noj haus tus lej 9. Nws yuav siv mus rau hauv tus account cov kev xav tau yooj yim ntawm cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus. Ua ntej ntawd, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob thiab kho cov zaub mov kom haum rau koj qhov kev xav tau ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv (calorizator). Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, koj yuav nkag siab cov zaub mov thiab yuav tuaj yeem nthuav dav koj cov zaub mov kom zoo.