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General piav qhia ntawm tus kab mob
Frostbite - kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg vim raug lub sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias cua txias. Feem ntau, protruding qhov chaw ntawm lub cev (lub qhov ntswg, pob ntseg), daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ceg ceg (ntiv tes thiab ntiv taw) puas lawm.
Frostbite yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog "kub kub”, Raws li nws tshwm sim raws li kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog txias, tshuaj lom neeg (piv txwv li, thaum sib cuag nrog kua nitrogen los yog dej khov qhuav). Frostbite, nyob rau hauv lem, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no-caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 10-20 degrees hauv qab no Celsius los yog thaum siv sij hawm sab nraum zoov nrog ib tug high degree ntawm humidity, cua txias (ntawm ib tug kub ntawm zero).
Ua rau frostbite:
- nruj, me lossis ntub khau, khaub ncaws;
- tsis muaj zog, tshaib plab;
- ntev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis xis nyob rau lub cev lossis lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov kub qis sab nraud;
- tawm hws ntau dhau ntawm ko taw, xib teg;
- kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm ob txhais ceg;
- ntau yam kev raug mob nrog ntshav loj;
- yav tas los mob khaub thuas.
Cov tsos mob frostbite
Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm frostbite yog daj ntseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Tus neeg khov nab kuab pib tshee, tshee, daim di ncauj yuav xiav thiab daj ntseg. Clouding ntawm kev nco qab, delirium, lethargy, inadequacy ntawm tus cwj pwm, hallucinations yuav pib. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hypothermia, tingling thiab loj hlob rhiab heev tshwm sim. Thaum xub thawj, qhov mob mus ntxiv, tab sis, raws li cov hlab ntsha txias thiab nqaim, qhov mob txo qis thiab loog loog ntawm cov ceg lossis thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev, tom qab ntawd, rhiab heev ploj mus. Yog tias cov ceg tawv raug puas lawm, lawv txoj haujlwm tsis zoo. Cov tawv nqaij puas hardens thiab ua txias. Tom qab tag nrho cov theem no, daim tawv nqaij kuj kis tau ib tug bluish, tuag waxy, dawb los yog daj tint.
Frostbite degrees
Nyob ntawm cov tsos mob, frostbite muab faib ua 4 degrees.
- 1 Thawj degree – yooj yim. Nws pib nrog luv luv rau qhov txias txias. Qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj qhov pom ntawm tingling, ces loog loog. Cov tawv nqaij hloov xim xiav, thiab tom qab ib tug neeg sov so, nws yuav liab los yog liab doog xim. Qee zaum yuav muaj o nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev los yog ceg. Kev hnov mob ntawm lub zog sib txawv kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tom qab ib lub lim tiam, daim tawv nqaij puas yuav tev tawm. Thaum kawg ntawm lub lim tiam tom qab frostbite tau tshwm sim, tag nrho cov tsos mob ploj thiab rov qab tshwm sim.
- 2 Rau degree thib ob Cov tawv nqaij daj ntseg, qhov txias ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam thiab poob ntawm rhiab heev rau nws yog yam ntxwv. Ib qho txawv txawv feature ntawm qhov thib ob degree ntawm thawj zaug yog cov tsos ntawm npuas nyob rau hauv thawj 2 hnub tom qab frostbite, ntim nrog ib tug pob tshab kua. Tom qab cua sov, tus neeg mob yuav khaus khaus thiab hlawv. Kev rov qab thiab rov tsim dua ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib mus rau ob lub lis piam, thaum tsis muaj kab los yog caws pliav nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- 3 Peb degree frostbite. Nyob rau theem no, hlwv tshwm sim twb muaj cov ntshav. Kev mob hnyav tau pom (yuav luag thaum tag nrho cov kev kho mob thiab lub sijhawm rov zoo). Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug puas ntsoog ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug kub tsawg. Yog tias cov ntiv tes tau frostbitten, ces tus ntsia thawv phaj tawm thiab tsis loj hlob ntxiv lawm, los yog tus ntsia thawv loj hlob puas thiab deformed. Tsis pub dhau ob mus rau peb lub lis piam, cov ntaub so ntswg tuag raug tsis lees paub, ces lub sijhawm caws pliav pib thiab nws kav li ib hlis.
- 4 Plaub degree, feem ntau, ua ke nrog frostbite ntawm 2nd thiab 3rd degree. Tag nrho cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuag, pob qij txha, cov leeg, pob txha raug cuam tshuam. Qhov chaw cuam tshuam dhau los ua cyanotic, zoo li cov xim marble, thiab tsis muaj rhiab heev. Thaum sov, daim tawv nqaij tam sim ntawd ua edematous. Qhov o tuaj sai heev. Ntawm no, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem txawv heev: los ntawm cov caws pliav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mus rau kev txiav tawm ntawm cov ceg tawv lossis ntiv tes nrog ua tiav necrosis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lossis qhov pib ntawm gangrene.
Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig rau frostbite
Tus neeg mob uas tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm frostbite yuav tsum tau noj kom zoo thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nce kev noj cov protein thiab cov vitamins. Yog tias ib tug neeg poob qab los noj mov, koj tsis tuaj yeem yuam cov zaub mov kom raug thawb. Thawj hnub tom qab raug mob, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog muab dej haus kom ntau, uas yuav pab tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab co toxins los ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom haus dej sov, tsis ruaj khov tshuaj yej, dej qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo (yav tas los diluted nrog dej sov boiled), extracts ntawm qus sawv berries, hawthorn, chamomile paj.
Thawj ob peb hnub, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv rau nqaij qaib broth los yog lub teeb kua zaub siav nrog nws. Cov zaub mov no txo qis cov qe ntshav dawb, yog li txo qhov khaus thiab mob.
Thaum kub siab, cov txuj lom thiab txuj lom (coriander, cinnamon, qhiav, kua txob, cloves, qej) yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau zaub mov. Lawv yuav nce hws ntau lawm, yog li pab txo qhov kub thiab txias.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm frostbite, xws li cov khoom noj thiab tais diav yuav pab tau xws li: mis nyuj, kefir, qaub cream, tsev cheese, cheese, zaub (qos yaj ywm, carrots, txiv lws suav, zaub qhwv, beets), zaub broths, lean nqaij thiab ntses, grated cereals, qhob cij dawb. Los ntawm cov khoom qab zib, koj tuaj yeem zib ntab, jam, marmalade, me ntsis qab zib.
Tus neeg mob yuav tsum noj me me, cov zaub mov yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 6 zaug.
Thawj pab rau frostbite
Tom qab kuaj pom tus neeg mob frostbite, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab kev pab thawj zaug.
Thawj kauj ruam yog muab tus neeg mob tso rau hauv chav sov sov, tshem cov khau, thom khwm, hnab looj tes, hloov cov khaub ncaws ntub nrog cov qhuav qhuav (nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej). Muab cov zaub mov sov thiab pub nrog cov zaub mov kub, kho cov ntshav ncig.
RџSЂRё thawj degree frostbite, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau zaws qhov chaw puas ntawm lub cev lossis ceg ceg (koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv woolen). Siv ib daim ntaub paj rwb-gauze.
Ntawm 2, 3, 4 degrees frostbite, tsis muaj teeb meem, rubbing, sov so massage yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tawm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab cov ntaub qhwv ntsej rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas, tom qab ntawd ib txheej ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub, tom qab ntawd gauze thiab qhwv nws nrog oilcloth los yog daim ntaub rubberized.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ceg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntiv tes), tiv thaiv lawv nrog improvised yam khoom (koj siv tau plywood, ib tug kav, ib tug board).
Koj tsis tuaj yeem rub tus neeg mob nrog daus thiab roj. Nrog frostbite, cov hlab ntsha muaj zog heev thiab tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj, thaum tsim microcracks, uas kis tau yooj yim.
Nrog rau kev mob hypothermia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau da dej sov (thawj, dej kub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 24 degrees Celsius, ces koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej kub thiab maj mam coj mus rau qhov kub ntawm tib neeg lub cev - 36,6).
Tom qab ua raws li cov kev ntsuas saum toj no, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob kom ntsuas tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj thiab pom zoo rau kev kho kom raug.
Nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj rau frostbite:
- lubricate frostbitten cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev nrog celandine kua txiv peb zaug ib hnub twg;
- Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm frostbite ntawm extremities, boil 1,5 kg ntawm celery nyob rau hauv ib liter dej, cia cov dej txias me ntsis thiab dipped nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, cia nws nyob rau hauv dej kom txog thaum nws txias, ces dilute nws nyob rau hauv dej txias thiab so. kom huv si, muab tso rau hauv thermal underwear (rov ua cov txheej txheem los ntawm 7-10 lub sij hawm thaum hmo ntuj);
- cawv tincture los ntawm rowan berries los yog calendula rau lubricate puas daim tawv nqaij;
- lubricate daim tawv nqaij frostbitten nrog ib tug ointment ua los ntawm roj av jelly thiab calendula paj (ib tug teaspoon ntawm crushed paj yog xav tau rau 25 grams roj av jelly);
- ua lotions los ntawm decoctions npaj los ntawm tus tswv yug yaj lub hnab nyiaj, tartar los yog noj koob;
- lubricate puas daim tawv nqaij peb zaug ib hnub twg nrog ib tug sib tov npaj nrog 100 grams ntawm wax, ib nrab ib liter ntawm sunflower roj, ib tug puv tes ntawm leej faj, spruce koob thiab 10 dos "pops" (thawj peb cov khoom xyaw yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntiv taw, boiled rau ib tug ob peb feeb). ib teev dhau cua sov, ntxiv dos, boil lwm 30 feeb, cia kom txias, lim);
- ua compresses nrog qos yaj ywm mashed, boiled nrog tev (cov qos yaj ywm mashed yuav tsum sov so kom tsis txhob hlawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij; nws yog thov mus rau qhov chaw mob thiab qhwv nrog ib tug yooj yim daim ntaub los yog ntaub qhwv, tom qab lub qos yaj ywm txias lawm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv rau qhov chaw mob. tshem tawm cov compress thiab lubricate daim tawv nqaij nrog txiv qaub kua txiv tom qab diluting nws nyob rau hauv dej sov nyob rau hauv ratio ntawm 1 mus rau 5).
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv frostbite, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws sov sov hauv cov ntaub plaub los yog ntuj ntaub. Nkawm khau yuav tsum xoob thiab tsis tsoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj cov thermos nrog dej kub nrog koj. Nws tuaj yeem yog tshuaj yej, tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj yej lossis compote los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis tshuaj ntsuab.
Cov khoom phom sij thiab teeb meem thaum muaj frostbite
- muffins, qhob cij tshiab ci, crackers;
- tag nrho cov khoom noj qhuav thiab khoom;
- ceev;
- nqaij rog;
- smoked nqaij, hnyuv ntxwm;
- ntses qab ntsev;
- borscht;
- hnyav cream;
- pasta, barley porridge, millet;
- qos yaj ywm, radishes, cabbage (dawb cabbage), radish;
- semi-tiav khoom, khoom noj ceev;
- cawv thiab dej qab zib.
Cov zaub mov no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum lub cev rov zoo. Lawv qeeb cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiab.
Mloog!
Tus thawj coj tsis yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sim los siv cov ntaub ntawv muab, thiab tsis tuaj yeem lav tias nws yuav tsis ua mob rau koj tus kheej. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau sau ntawv kho mob thiab ua kev kuaj mob. Nco ntsoov tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb!