Nqaij npuas kib

Introduction

Lard yog cov khoom lag luam nrov tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws our country. Lawv hlub nws heev nyob rau hauv Russia heev. Tab sis kev noj haus keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias nws tsis nrov heev ntawm cov neeg Lavxias: saum toj no ntawm thaj chaw kab hla dhau ntawm Smolensk, Tula, Penza thiab Samara, lawv siv tsis tau noj nws.

Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij nyoog Soviet, thaum muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm tib neeg, Lard, nrog rau cov neeg tsiv teb, kis thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws thiab poob rau hauv kev hlub txhua haiv neeg rau nws tus kheej.

Keeb kwm

Lub sijhawm qub sau cia kev ua lub lard-txiav txim siab tau muaj txij li lub sijhawm ntawm Ancient Rome hauv North Ltalis. Xws li hauv cov hnub qub, tsis tau hloov daim ntawv qhia, lawv tseem ua ob hom Lard - “Lardo di Colonata” thiab “Lard d'Arna”.

Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov lard tau nyiam nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Lub Balkan Slavs hu nws "slanina", Tus Poles hu nws "slon", Cov neeg German hu nws "speck", hauv Asmeskas - "fatback" (rog rov qab). Tsis tas li ntawd, lard kuj tseem nrov raws li cov roj yaj, uas muaj qhov sib xws ntawm butter.

Thaum nws tau sib xyaw nrog cov nqaij tawg thiab kis rau khob cij dub, zoo li lawv ua hauv Transcarpathia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, nws yooj yim heev. Thiab tau ntau pua xyoo, noob neej tau pom tias lard yog ib qho khoom qab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab hauv kev kho mob scientific ua haujlwm rov qab rau xyoo 1930s. nyob hauv Asmeskas, nws tau hu ua ib qho ntawm qhov muaj rog tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lard tau muab pov tseg los ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yog qhov tseeb tsis muaj. Thiab lub ntiaj teb tseem ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho khoom noj tsis zoo.

Nws tau raug txim nyob rau thaum xyoo 1960, thaum lub tebchaws Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm txog kev ua tsov rog rau cov roj (cholesterol): cov tsiaj rog, thiab tag nrho cov lard, tau suav tias yog nws cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Hauv xyoo 1995, thaum cov Lard tau ploj mus thiab cov roj ntsha nrog cov rog hloov yuav luag hloov, nws cia li pom tseeb tias tsis muaj dab tsi txaus ntshai dua li cov nqaij rog trans no. Lawv txhawb txoj kev txhim kho atherosclerosis, mob plawv nres thiab mob hlab ntsha tawg, thiab qee hom mob qog ntshav.

Qhov tseeb txog cov roj (cholesterol)

Hauv 100 grams ntawm lard muaj ib feem peb ntawm tus nqi niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom no. Tab sis, ua ntej, nws tsis txaus ntshai li peb tus kheej cov roj cholesterol sib xyaw hauv lub siab. Qhov thib ob, muaj ntau cov choline hauv Lard, thiab nws ua rau lub zog tsis zoo ntawm cov roj cholesterol thiab tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha. Yog li cov lard tsis muaj teeb meem raws li nws tau nthuav tawm rau peb tau ntev. Hauv koob tshuaj me me (qhov zoo tshaj 30-40 g ib hnub), nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Muaj lwm qhov kev sib cav muaj zog rau lard - nws zoo meej rau kev ua noj. Thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kib, qhov twg nws tau siv ib txwm muaj. Niaj hnub no cov tais diav feem ntau kib hauv cov roj zaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj paj noob hlis. Yog li, peb cov roj paj noob hlis uas kuv nyiam tshaj, ua ke nrog cov roj pob kws, yog qhov phem tshaj rau qhov no. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj hauv kev sim los ntawm xibfwb Martin Grutveld los ntawm University of Leicester De Montfort hauv tebchaws Askiv.

Lub thiaj li hu ua muaj txiaj ntsig polyunsaturated fatty acids ntawm cov roj zaub ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau peroxides thiab aldehydes thaum muab kib. Lawv pab txhawb kev txhim kho mob qog noj ntshav, mob atherosclerosis, sib koom tes sib kis, thiab lwm yam. Thaum muaj qhov kub siab, lawv yuav ruaj khov dua, thiab vim li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom aldehydes thiab peroxides tsis tsim. Professor Grutveld xav pom zoo kom muab kib nrog cov rog no.

Lub sijhawm twg thiaj zoo rau lub lard?

Koj puas paub thaum twg yog lub xau xeb zoo tshaj? Thaum sawv ntxov, los noj tshais. Peb lub siab ua rau lub siab lim hiam ua ntshav rau hmo ntuj, ntxuav nws cov co toxins, thiab xa tag nrho cov "khib nyiab" no mus rau tsib lub. Thiab lard pab “tshem tawm” cov kua tsib no rau hauv cov hnyuv thaum sawv ntxov. Bile, nyeg, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhawb nqa ntawm txoj hnyuv, uas txhais tau tias nws pab tshem tawm txhua yam tsis tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev.

Yog li - Kuv tau noj tshais qab thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev. Ib qho hmoov tsis zoo - koj tsis noj qej thaum sawv ntxov, nws tsis zoo li cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj yuav zoo siab nrog qej tsw.

Vim li cas lard zoo dua los noj nrog qej? Nws ntseeg tau hais tias noj Lard nrog qej muab rau koj lub selenium uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb, thiab tib lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ua kom zoo. Thiab qej - tib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm selenium, ua yeeb yam zoo rau lard.

Lavxias Academy ntawm Medical Science lees paub tias kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yog cov neeg tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm tsis txaus, tsis yog qhov tsis muaj npe hu ua "cov ntxhia ntawm kev thiav." Los ntawm txoj kev, tau ntau xyoo ib zaj dab neeg tau nthuav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem hais tias kev noj haus ntawm "Kremlin cov txwj laus" - txoj cai qub tshaj plaws hauv thaum ntxov 80s, ib txwm suav nrog 30 g ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas muaj txiaj ntsig txhua hnub.

Cov 30 gram no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lard

Dab tsi ntxiv yog kev siv lard? Hauv cov rog-soluble vitamins A, E thiab D, hauv arachidonic acid, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov cell ua raws, hauv enzymes ntawm lub siab nqaij. Qhov tseem ceeb fatty acids "puv" lub cev kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm peb lub cev rau cov kab mob thiab kab mob, thiab koom nrog cov metabolism hauv roj.

Yog lawm, nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam khoom, tab sis piv txwv li nyob rau hauv butter nws yog kaum npaug tsawg tshaj li lard. Thiab tsis zoo li cov mis nyuj tshiab, qhov twg theem ntawm arachidonic acid poob sai sai, hauv cov rog nws tseem xyaum tsis hloov.

Cov roj thiab cov cholesterol

Puas yog koj tseem ntshai cov roj (cholesterol) thiab xav tias Lard yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem kev mob atherosclerosis? Li no nyob rau hauv vain. Tsis muaj cov roj "phem" lossis "zoo" rau hauv lub phaj, nws ua rau hauv peb lub cev. Tej zaum, peb yuav tham meej txog cov roj cholesterol hauv cov zaub mov rau lwm zaus.

Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, lard tsuas muaj 85-90 mg ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) rau 100 g, hauv qhov sib piv rau lub ncuav qab zib nrog qab zib los yog choux pastry, qhov twg nws 150-180 mg, thiab ntau tsawg dua hauv qe zoo quail qe, uas nws yog 600 mg. Thiab koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ua phem ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) los ntawm kev noj lard nrog zaub xam lav ntawm cov zaub tshiab, ua rau lub caij nrog kua txiv qaub lossis kua cider vinegar.

Koj puas ntshai tias lard yog cov khoom "hnyav" thiab tsis zoo nqus hauv peb lub cev? Tsis muaj qab hau. Qhov kub yaj, piv txwv li, ntawm cov rog rog yog 43-55 degrees, nqaij nyuj rog yog 42-49, tab sis lard yog 29 -35. Thiab txhua cov rog, cov ntsiab lus melting uas qis dua 37 degrees, uas yog, ze rau qhov kub ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tau nqus tau zoo, vim tias lawv yooj yim dua rau emulsify.

Koj puas tseem ntseeg tias cellulite los ntawm rog? Tsis yog, cov rog tsis zwm rau ntawm ob sab thiab pob tw, ntawm chav kawm, tshwj tsis yog koj noj nws hauv cov phaus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua, lard yog qhov khoom txaus siab heev nrog qhov siab sate coefficient. Muaj tseeb, qee tus tswj kom noj nws ntau dua li kev cai.

Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nws muaj peev xwm thiab tsim nyog kom kib hauv lard, vim tias nws muaj qhov "pa taws" (qhov kub ntawm cov rog uas muaj hluav taws) txog 195 degrees, siab tshaj qhov feem ntau cov roj zaub, uas yog, lub sijhawm frying yog shortened thiab ntau cov as-ham nyob hauv cov zaub mov.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov rog yog tias nws tsis nthuav tawm radionuclides, thiab helminths tsis nyob hauv nws.

Qhov mob los ntawm lard

Kev noj cov rog rog ntau dhau yog txoj hauv kev rau cov rog thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis vim muaj cov roj (cholesterol) ntau. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob txwv ntau txoj kev siv (txog rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev noj haus) rau cov neeg muaj teeb meem rau cov hlab ntsha, lub plawv thiab lub plab zom mov.

Cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tsis txhob muab kib dhau kom tiv thaiv tau qhov tsim ntawm carcinogens. Ua tib zoo nrog koj txoj kev xaiv - cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau tsa hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig zoo.

Puas yog haus yeeb dawb lant teeb meem? Muaj tseeb! Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyiaj carcinogens ntau ntau. Qhov no tsis yog siv txoj kev haus luam yeeb nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj siv cov pa luam yeeb.

Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​qab txog qhov siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom: 797 kcal ib 100 g. Qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg laus, coj los ntawm cov rog thiab tsim nyog rau lub neej tag nrho! Yog tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lard tsis sib txawv hauv nws qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws tsis tuaj yeem hu tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev muab tshuaj ntau dhau heev nws ua rau muaj kev phom sij, ua rau kev txhim kho tsis tsuas yog kev rog, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam kab mob.

Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​qab tias muaj kev tseb puv quav yeeb dawb, txawm tias ib tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo, yog qhov muaj mob tsis txaus. Nyob rau hauv muaj mob ntawm kev mob hnyav, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau sab laj tus kws kho mob txog kev siv cov khoom.

Txhawm rau pom tias pob zeb yog cov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los yog tseem muaj kev phom sij, qhov xaus lus xaus qhia nws tus kheej: yog tias koj xav tau cov khoom siv rog no, tsis txhob tsis lees paub koj tus kheej, tab sis nco ntsoov qhov ntsuas!

Saj tsis zoo

Txij li thaum lard yog tsiaj rog, tus kheej saj ntawm xws li cov khoom lag luam yog imperceptible. Tab sis yuav kom txaus siab rau ib qho khoom noj uas twb salted los yog haus luam yeeb tas, lard lovers yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog qhov xaiv ntawm cov nqaij nyoos. Qhov yuam kev me me lossis kev saib xyuas tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim tsis yooj yim.

• Cov roj ntsha zoo cov roj yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm kws kho tsiaj, raws li muaj pov thawj tshwj xeeb.
• Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog nqaij npuas kib txiav los ntawm sab nraub ntawm tus tsiaj lossis sab ntawm lub cev tuag yog siv rau salting.
• Boar lard tuaj yeem tawm tsam koj nrog tsis hnov ​​tsw ntawm urea thiab deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj.
• Qhov zoo ntawm lard tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm nws cov xim dawb nrog lub ntsej muag liab qab zoo nkauj. Yog tias cov rog nqus daj los sis zoo li nws tsw, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom muab nws ib qho tso tseg.
• Nws yog qhov zoo dua los them sai sai rau cov ntawv nrog cov tawv nqaij nyias nyias, uas tuaj yeem raug chwv txawm tias nrog tus ntoo txhuam hniav.
• Zoo zoo lub nqaij npuas kib yog yooj yim riam.
• Lard yuav luag tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab yog nws tsis hnov ​​tsw, nws yog cov nqaij tshiab thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.

Thaum cov roj txhaws yog xaiv tau, nws tuaj yeem raug salted, melted, boiled lossis haus luam yeeb. Thiab ntawm no cov khoom yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig txais cov tsw qab thiab qab ntawm txhua qhov kev siv cov khoom siv thiab txuj lom.

Daim ntaub ntawv ua noj ua haus

Tsis muaj lwm yam khoom noj tuaj yeem piv nrog lard "kev hlub" rau cov txuj lom thiab cov khoom noj. Ntxiv mus, nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws lawv nyiam dissimilar aromas.

our countrys tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib hnub yam tsis muaj lard nrog qej thiab kua txob dub, thiab Hungarians nyiam ntsev cov nqaij npuas kib, ua kom tuab nrog av paprika. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov txwv.

Lard nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cosines

Cov neeg Italians los ntawm sab qaum teb Tuscany tau dhau los ua cov zaub mov loj tshaj plaws. Cov pob zeb hauv nroog, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev rho tawm ntawm cov ntoo Carrara nto moo, tau pib ntsev lard ntau pua xyoo dhau los, ntxiv rosemary, oregano thiab thyme, nutmeg thiab sage rau cov dej qab zib. Xws li cov roj tsw qab, lardo, tau muaj hnub nyoog ntev nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb marble, tom qab uas nws tus kheej tau dhau los zoo li pob zeb muaj nqi nrog cov leeg nqaij.

Cov neeg German yog cov neeg nyiam ua lub tais diav zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, nqaij npuas kib, zoo li nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees lawv hu lard, yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov tais kub thiab nqaij nqaij tuab, khoom noj txom ncauj thiab hnyuv ntxwm, qhov twg cov nqaij npuas muab ntxiv rau cov kua txiv.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Poob, lard tsis yog qhov nrov heev, yog li nws kuj tau ua xyem xyav tias ntawm cov kob ntawm Askiv, thaum cov nqaij npuas hais txog, cov neeg nyob sab nraud lees paub lawv txoj kev hlub rau cov khoom no. Tab sis qhov no yog tiag tiag nqaij sawb nrog nyias txheej ntawm kev sib tw nqaij, uas txawm muab lub npe rau cov kev coj ntawm kev yug npua.

Cov Fabkis, raws li qhov muaj tseeb tiag tiag thiab cov taum pauv, nyiam tsis yog nyoos, tab sis ghee. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv Fabkis txoj pâtés nto moo zoo nrog daim siab, nceb thiab cov tshuaj ntsuab ntsim. Tab sis lard yog nyob rau hauv kev thov tsis yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis cov zaub mov.

Cov neeg Hungarians nyiam nws heev, ntxiv rau tshuaj tsw qab paprikash, goulash thiab txawm tias yog lub teb chaws Halasle kua zaub nrog ntses. Lub Belarusians mus ze lard ntau hnyav dua li lwm tus neeg. Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm lub teb chaws no, cov qos pog yawg nrog cov nqaij npuas kib tau suav nrog cov nyiaj ntawm kev ua noj ua haus cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Tebchaws Europe.

Nws puas tuaj yeem noj ib qho oof Lard? saib cov yees duab: