Kev txhais cov ntawv rau kab tshiab hauv Python. Yuav hloov cov ntawv mus rau kab tshiab li cas - cov lus qhia

Hauv Python, txhawm rau kos qhov kawg ntawm ib kab thiab pib ib qho tshiab, koj yuav tsum siv tus cim tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub siv nws kom raug thaum ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv Python, thiab muab tso rau hauv lub console ntawm lub sijhawm xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab meej txog yuav ua li cas siv tus delimiter rau cov kab tshiab thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev pab cuam code, seb nws puas tuaj yeem ntxiv cov ntawv tsis siv nws.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog tus cwj pwm tshiab

n yog lub cim rau qhwv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kab tshiab thiab kaw cov kab qub hauv Python. Lub cim no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus:

• rov qab oblique;
• n yog tus cwj pwm qis.

Txhawm rau siv cov cim no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus "print(f" HellonWorld!") ", Vim tias koj tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv hauv f-kab.

Lub tshuab luam ntawv yog dab tsi

Yog tsis muaj kev teeb tsa ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tus cwj pwm mus rau kab tom ntej yog ntxiv rau hauv hom zais. Vim qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov kab yam tsis ua kom muaj qee yam haujlwm. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nthuav qhia lub cim cais hauv qhov program code:

Sau (“Nyob Zoo, Ntiaj Teb”!”) – “Nyob Zoo, Ntiaj Teb!”n

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm tus cwj pwm no yog sau rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm Python. Qhov "print" muaj nuj nqi muaj nuj nqis rau qhov "kawg" parameter - n. Nws yog ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua haujlwm no uas tus cwj pwm no tau teem rau ntawm kab kawg kom hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau kab tom ntej. Kev piav qhia ntawm "print" muaj nuj nqi:

print(*objects, sep=' ', end='n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)

Tus nqi ntawm qhov "kawg" parameter los ntawm "print" muaj nuj nqi yog sib npaug rau tus cim "n". Raws li qhov tsis siv neeg algorithm ntawm qhov kev pab cuam code, nws ua tiav cov kab ntawm qhov kawg, ua ntej sau "luam" muaj nuj nqi. Thaum siv ib qho "luam" muaj nuj nqi, koj yuav tsis pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, vim tsuas yog ib kab yuav tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj ntxiv ob peb nqe lus zoo li no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua kom meej meej:

print("Nyob zoo, Ntiaj teb 1!") print("Nyob zoo, Ntiaj teb 2!") print("Nyob zoo, Ntiaj teb 3!") print("Nyob zoo, Ntiaj teb 4!")

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cai saum toj no:

Nyob zoo, ntiaj teb 1! Nyob zoo, ntiaj teb 2! Nyob zoo, ntiaj teb 3! Nyob zoo, ntiaj teb 4!

Hloov tus cwj pwm tshiab nrog luam tawm

Siv cov "print" muaj nuj nqi, nws muaj peev xwm tsis siv ib tug cais cim ntawm kab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum hloov qhov "kawg" parameter hauv kev ua haujlwm nws tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, es tsis txhob "kawg" tus nqi, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov chaw. Vim qhov no, nws yog qhov chaw uas yuav hloov lub cim "kawg". Cov txiaj ntsig nrog kev teeb tsa default:

> > print("Nyob zoo") >>> print("World") Nyob zoo ntiaj teb

Tso tawm qhov tshwm sim tom qab hloov lub cim "n" nrog qhov chaw:

>>> print("Nyob zoo", end="") >>> print("World") Nyob zoo ntiaj teb

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov qauv no hloov cov cim los tso saib ib ntu ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv ib kab:

rau kuv hauv range(15): yog kuv <14: print(i, end=",") else: print(i)

Siv cov cim cais hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Lub cim tom qab uas cov ntawv nyeem ntawm qhov program code raug xa mus rau kab tom ntej tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, yam tsis tau saib daim ntawv nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov program code, nws tsis tuaj yeem pom nws, vim tias cov cim zoo li no tau muab zais los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Txhawm rau siv cov cim tshiab, koj yuav tsum tsim cov ntaub ntawv sau npe. Tom qab qhib nws, koj tuaj yeem pom tias txhua lub npe yuav pib ntawm kab tshiab. Piv txwv:

npe = ['Petr', 'Dima', 'Artem', 'Ivan'] with open("names.txt", "w") as f: for name in names[:-1]: f.write(f "{name}n") f.write(npe[-1])

Cov npe yuav tshwm sim li no tsuas yog tias cov ntawv nyeem tau teeb tsa kom cais cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov kab sib cais. Qhov no yuav cia li teeb tsa tus cim zais “n” ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txhua kab dhau los. Txhawm rau pom cov cim zais, koj yuav tsum qhib lub luag haujlwm - “.readlines()”. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov cim zais yuav tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen hauv qhov program code. Kev ua haujlwm ua piv txwv:

nrog qhib("names.txt", "r") as f: print(f.readlines())

Tswv yim! Ua haujlwm nrog Python, cov neeg siv feem ntau ntsib cov xwm txheej uas qhov program code yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv ib kab ntev, tab sis nws nyuaj heev los tshuaj xyuas nws thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis raug yam tsis muaj kev sib cais. Yog li ntawd tom qab faib cov kab ntev mus rau hauv cov kab sib cais, lub khoos phis tawj txiav txim siab nws tag nrho, hauv txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum ntxig cov cim "" - backslash. Tom qab ntxiv cov cim, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau lwm kab, txuas ntxiv sau code. Thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, qhov kev pab cuam nws tus kheej yuav sib sau ua ke cov khoom tawg yooj yim rau hauv ib kab.

Spliting ib txoj hlua rau hauv substrings

Txhawm rau faib ib txoj hlua ntev mus rau ntau txoj hlua, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj kev sib cais. Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov kho ntxiv lawm, lub default delimiter yog qhov chaw. Tom qab ua tiav txoj kev no, cov ntawv xaiv tau muab faib ua cov lus sib cais los ntawm cov hlua, hloov mus rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov hlua. Ua piv txwv:

string = "qee cov ntawv tshiab" strings = string.split() print(strings) ['qee', 'new', 'text']

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv rov qab, nrog kev pab ntawm cov npe ntawm cov hlua yuav tig mus rau hauv ib txoj hlua ntev, koj yuav tsum siv txoj kev sib koom ua ke. Lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov hlua yog sawb. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov chaw uas nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm kab.

xaus

Txhawm rau tso tawm qee cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kab tshiab thaum ua haujlwm hauv Python, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaus cov kab qub nrog cov cim "n". Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov ntaub ntawv tom qab kos npe raug xa mus rau kab tom ntej, thiab qhov qub raug kaw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tas yuav siv lub cim no los hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov parameter kawg = "". Tus nqi "tus cwj pwm" yog tus cwj pwm cais.