txheem
Kev siv cov nozzles tshwj xeeb (ntsis) hauv kev sib dhos ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm sai ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntsia hlau ib txwm siv thaum lawv siv kev tshaj lij. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv hloov tau, tau tsim nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tau los ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab yooj yim dua.
Thaum zawm ntau pua tus kheej tapping screws nrog lub hau ntswj nrog lub hau, lawv pib hloov tsis yog lub hau ntswj, tab sis tsuas yog nws lub taub hau, uas yog pheej yig dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ob peb hom fasteners ib zaug, ntau yam khoom sib txawv tsis xav tau. Hloov chaw, nyob rau hauv ib lub taub hau ib leeg, nws txaus los hloov lub nozzle, uas tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb xwb.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txhawb siab tseem ceeb tom qab siv cov khoom yog qhov kev tsim ntawm lub taub hau fastener. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cruciform - PH thiab PZ. Nrog rau kev ua tib zoo kawm txog lawv cov qauv tsim, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau tias lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau, nias rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub taub hau ntsia hlau, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau sab nraud uas muab pov tawm ntawm lub taub hau.
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm tus kheej-centering system, lwm hom fastening hau siv niaj hnub no kuj tsim. Lawv tso cai rau koj mus twist lub ntsiab tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsawg speeds, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv loj speeds nrog ib tug loj axial load.
Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog S-hom ncaj cov khoom. Lawv yog keeb kwm tsim los rau thawj tes-drilled screws. Kev sib dhos me ntsis hauv qhov tsis tshwm sim, yog li ntawd, nrog kev nce hauv kev sib hloov ceev lossis txo qis hauv axial siab, lub nozzle plam tawm ntawm lub taub hau mounting.
Qhov no yog fraught nrog kev puas tsuaj rau pem hauv ntej nto ntawm lub caij yuav tsum tau kho. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub mechanized los ua ke ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, kev sib txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus nrog ib tug ncaj slots yog tsis siv.
Nws siv yog txwv rau tsawg dua qhov tseem ceeb fasteners nrog tsawg twisting speeds. Thaum sib sau cov khoom nrog cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, tsuas yog cov hom fasteners yog siv nyob rau hauv uas txhim khu kev qha haum ntawm nozzle rau lub fastener yog guaranteed.
Kev faib me ntsis
Fastening khoom tuaj yeem raug cais raws li ntau yam:
- hom fastening system;
- taub hau loj;
- me ntsis pas nrig ntev;
- cov khoom siv pas nrig;
- hlau txheej;
- tsim (ib, ob npaug);
- muaj peev xwm khoov (ib txwm thiab torsion).
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev faib cov khoom rau hauv hom fastening systems. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv, feem ntau yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv ob peb kab lus.
Yuav luag txhua hom kab ke muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub taub hau lub cuab yeej thiab lub qhov txuas txuas nrog rau nws. Lawv raug xaiv los ntawm tus lej. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws pib los ntawm 0 los yog 1. Cov lus pom zoo rau hom qhia cov xov diameters ntawm cov fasteners uas lub ntsis nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj tshwj xeeb yog npaj. Yog li, PH2 ntsis tuaj yeem siv nrog cov fasteners nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3,1 txog 5,0 hli, PH1 yog siv rau tus kheej tapping screws nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2,1-3,0, thiab lwm yam.
Rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv, cov khoom muaj nyob nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev - los ntawm 25 hli mus rau 150 hli. Lub sting ntawm ib tug ntev me ntsis mus txog lub slots nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas nws ntau voluminous tuav tsis tau nkag mus.
Khoom siv thiab txheej
Cov khoom siv alloy los ntawm qhov me me yog ua los ntawm kev lees paub ntawm nws cov kav ntev lossis, qhov sib txawv, qhov muag ntawm cov qauv, uas, thaum lub zog tshwj xeeb tshaj, nws tsis yog lub fastener uas tawg, tab sis me ntsis. Hauv qee cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb, tsuas yog qhov piv ntawm qhov muaj zog yog xav tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov, tus neeg siv txaus siab rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov fastener twists nrog ib ntsis. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom muaj zog uas tsis tawg vim lub brittleness ntawm cov hlau, tsis txhob deform ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov loaded feem ntau, ntau yam alloys thiab steels yog siv. Cov no suav nrog:
- high-speed carbon steels ntawm R7 txog R12;
- cov cuab yeej steel S2;
- chrome vanadium alloys;
- alloy ntawm tungsten nrog molybdenum;
- alloy ntawm chromium nrog molybdenum thiab lwm yam.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub zog ntawm cov khoom yog ua los ntawm cov txheej tshwj xeeb. Yog li, ib txheej ntawm chromium-vanadium alloy tiv thaiv lub cuab yeej los ntawm corrosion, thiab cov deposition ntawm ib txheej ntawm titanium nitride ho nce nws hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. Pob zeb diamond txheej (tungsten-pob zeb diamond-carbon), tungsten-nickel thiab lwm yam muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws.
Lub titanium nitride txheej ntawm lub ntsis yog yooj yim pom los ntawm nws cov xim golden, lub pob zeb diamond ib tug los ntawm cov yam ntxwv luster ntawm lub ntsis ntawm sting. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los nrhiav cov hom ntawm cov hlau lossis alloy ntawm cov khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau tsis muab lossis tseem zais cov ntaub ntawv no hauv kev nyiam ua lag luam. Tsuas yog qee zaum, qib steel (S2, piv txwv) tuaj yeem siv rau ib qho ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Tsim kev xaiv
Los ntawm kev tsim, me ntsis tuaj yeem ua ib leeg (sting ntawm ib sab, hexagonal shank ntawm lwm qhov) lossis ob npaug (ob lub stings ntawm qhov kawg). Hom tom kawg muaj ob txoj kev pabcuam lub neej (ob leeg stings yog tib yam) lossis yooj yim siv (stings txawv qhov loj lossis hom). Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom me me no yog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev txhim kho nws nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntsia hlau.
Cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsis tu ncua thiab torsion. Nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg tsim, lub ntsis nws tus kheej thiab lub shank yog txuas nrog ib tug muaj zog caij nplooj ntoos hlav insert. Nws, ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tw, xa cov torque thiab tso cai rau koj khoov me ntsis, uas ua rau muaj kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw tsis yooj yim. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav kuj absorbs qee qhov cuam tshuam lub zog, tiv thaiv me ntsis los ntawm kev tawg cov splines.
Torsion cov khoom siv nrog cov tsav tsheb uas cuam tshuam lub zog yog siv tangentially rau lub voj voog screwing. Cov khoom ntawm hom no yog kim dua li cov khoom siv ib txwm siv, siv sijhawm ntev dua, tso cai rau koj los sib tw ntev fasteners rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom uas cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog.
Rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv, cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv txawv lengths. Txhua tus ua raws li tus qauv loj (25 hli) yog 20-30 hli ntev dua li qhov dhau los - thiab lwm yam txog li 150 hli.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntsis yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Feem ntau nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm fasteners screwed ua ntej lub cuab tam tsis. Lub deformation ntawm sting manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug maj mam "licking tawm" ntawm tav nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm me ntsis slipping tawm ntawm lub qhov. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom tiv taus tshaj plaws yog cov uas tsis raug rau kev siv zog uas muab pov tawm ntawm qhov.
Ntawm cov feem ntau siv, lawv suav nrog H, Torx systems thiab lawv cov kev hloov kho. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sib cuag muaj zog ntawm cov khoom thiab fasteners, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam systems, nrog rau cov anti-vandal sawv daws yuav, tab sis lawv cov kev faib yog txwv rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm technical vim li cas.
Lub ntsiab hom ntawm cov khoom siv
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog cov uas tau dhau los lawm vim tsis muaj kev tsim nyog, kwv yees li ntawm ob peb lub kaum os. Niaj hnub no, cov nram qab no hom ntawm screwdriver khoom muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv fastener technology:
- PH (Phillips) - ntoo khaub lig;
- PZ (Pozidriv) - cruciform;
- Hex (los ntawm tsab ntawv H) - hexagonal;
- Torx (qhia los ntawm cov ntawv T lossis TX) - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hnub qub rau taw tes.
PH nozzles
Lub PH Phillips Hniav, qhia tom qab xyoo 1937, yog thawj qhov chaw rau nws tus kheej rau kev tsav tsheb ntsia hlau-threaded fasteners. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tiaj tiaj yog tias PH tus ntoo khaub lig tsis plam tawm ntawm lub qhov txawm tias muaj kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub cuab yeej. Muaj tseeb, qhov no yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev quab yuam axial (nias lub ntsis tawm tsam lub fastener), tab sis yooj yim ntawm kev siv tau nce ntau heev piv rau cov tiaj tiaj.
Clamping kuj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub tiaj-slotted screws, tab sis thaum zawm lub PH me ntsis, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov kev saib xyuas thiab kev siv zog los txwv qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov ntxeev tawm ntawm qhov. Lub twisting ceev (productivity) tau nce heev txawm tias thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug phau ntawv screwdriver. Kev siv lub tshuab ratchet, thiab tom qab ntawd pneumatic thiab hluav taws xob screwdrivers, feem ntau txo cov kev siv zog ntawm kev sib dhos ua haujlwm los ntawm ob peb zaug, uas muab cov nqi txuag nyiaj ntau hauv txhua hom kev tsim khoom.
Lub PH sting muaj plaub hau, tapering nyob rau hauv thickness mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsis. Lawv kuj ntes cov mating qhov chaw ntawm lub fastener thiab ceev nws. Lub kaw lus muaj npe tom qab tus kws tshaj lij uas siv nws hauv kev siv tshuab fastener (Phillips).
PH cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv tsib qhov ntau thiab tsawg - PH 0, 1, 2, 3 thiab 4. Ncej ntev - los ntawm 25 (pib) txog 150 hli.
Nozzles PZ
Kwv yees li 30 xyoo tom qab (hauv 1966) PZ fastening system (Pozidriv) tau tsim. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Philips Screw Company. Cov duab ntawm PZ sting yog cruciform, zoo li ntawm PH, txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev uas lawv tsis tso cai rau tus puav ntawm ib qho kev ua kom zoo rau cov fasteners ntawm lwm tus. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm sharpening qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsis yog txawv - nyob rau hauv PZ nws yog sharper (50 º piv rau 55 º). Cov hniav ntawm PZ tsis taper zoo li cov PH, tab sis nyob twj ywm sib npaug hauv cov tuab thoob plaws lawv qhov ntev. Nws yog qhov tsim tshwj xeeb uas txo cov quab yuam ntawm thawb lub hau tawm ntawm lub qhov ntawm qhov siab (siab sib tw los yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib hloov). Qhov kev hloov ntawm tus tsim ntawm me ntsis txhim kho nws kev sib cuag nrog lub taub hau ntawm lub fastener, uas ua rau kom lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub cuab tam.
Lub PZ nozzle txawv ntawm PH nyob rau hauv tsos - grooves ntawm ob sab ntawm txhua tus hniav, tsim cov ntsiab lus taw qhia uas tsis tuaj ntawm PH me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv lem, kom paub qhov txawv ntawm PH, manufacturers siv cov yam ntxwv notches ntawm PZ fasteners, hloov los ntawm 45º deb ntawm lub hwj chim sawv daws yuav. Qhov no tso cai rau tus neeg siv kom sai sai thaum xaiv lub cuab yeej.
PZ cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv peb qhov ntau thiab tsawg PZ 1, 2 thiab 3. Ncej ntev yog los ntawm 25 mus rau 150 hli.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm PH thiab PZ systems tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis siv neeg nruab nrab hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv kab sib dhos thiab cov txheeb ze pheej yig ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov fasteners. Hauv lwm cov kab ke, cov txiaj ntsig no muaj kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag tsawg dua, yog li lawv tsis tau txais kev pom zoo.
Nozzles Hex
Cov duab ntawm lub taub, qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv H nyob rau hauv lub cim, yog ib tug hexagonal prism. Lub kaw lus tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1910, thiab txaus siab rau kev vam meej niaj hnub no. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj siv hauv kev lag luam rooj tog yog twisted nrog H 4 hli cov khoom. Cov cuab yeej no muaj peev xwm kis tau qhov tseem ceeb torque. Vim yog qhov kev sib txuas nruj nrog lub fastener qhov, nws muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Tsis muaj kev siv zog thawb me ntsis tawm ntawm lub qhov. Nozzles H muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 1,5 hli mus rau 10 hli.
Torx cov
Torx cov khoom siv tau siv hauv tshuab txij li xyoo 1967. Lawv tau ua thawj zaug los ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab Textron. Lub sting yog ib tug prism nrog lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug rau-taw lub hnub qub. Lub kaw lus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub cuab yeej nrog fasteners, muaj peev xwm kis tau siab torque. Tshaj tawm thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws ntawm Asmeskas thiab Europe, hais txog kev muaj koob meej, qhov ntim ntawm kev siv yog ze rau PH thiab PZ systems. Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Torx system yog "asterisk" ntawm tib cov duab, ntxiv los ntawm lub qhov hauv qhov chaw axial. Fasteners rau nws muaj qhov sib thooj cylindrical protrusion. Ntxiv rau qhov kev sib cuag nruj dua ntawm lub ntsis thiab lub taub hau ntsia hlau, qhov kev tsim no kuj muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev ua phem, tsis suav nrog kev tso cai unscrewing ntawm kev sib txuas.
Lwm hom nozzles
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov nrov nozzle tshuab tau piav qhia, muaj tsawg tus paub zoo thiab tsis tshua siv cov khoom siv rau lub hau ntswj. Cov khoom poob rau hauv lawv cov kev faib tawm:
- nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj slots hom S (slotted - slotted);
- hexagon hom Hex nrog lub qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab;
- square prism hom Robertson;
- diav rawg hom SP (" diav rawg ", "nab qhov muag");
- peb-hniav hom Tri-Wing;
- plaub-bladed hom Torg Teeb;
- thiab lwm tus neeg.
Tuam txhab uas muag tsim lawv cov cim me ntsis-fastener systems ob qho tib si los tiv thaiv cov uas tsis yog kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab los tiv thaiv cov neeg nyiag khoom nyiag khoom.
Cov lus qhia me ntsis
Ib tus puav zoo tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm nruj dua li nws cov khoom siv yooj yim. Txhawm rau xaiv cov cuab yeej xav tau, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tuam txhab lag luam uas nws cov neeg ua haujlwm koj ntseeg siab thiab tau txais cov lus pom zoo tsim nyog. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas paub zoo - Bosch, Makita, DeWALT, Milwaukee.
Them mloog mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm hardening txheej ntawm titanium nitride, thiab, yog hais tias ua tau, rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv yog sim ib lossis ob daim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv koj lub lag luam. Yog li koj tsis tsuas yog tsim kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom koj tus kheej, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem muab cov lus pom zoo rau koj cov phooj ywg. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum nres ntawm qhov kev xaiv pheej yig uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev lag luam lossis kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj qhov qub ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj koob npe.