Le vitiligo yog ib tug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos ntawm dawb me ntsis ntawm ko taw, tes, ntsej muag, daim di ncauj lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Cov pob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm "depigmentation", uas yog hais tias ploj ntawm melanocytes, cov hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij (Ci ntsa iab thiab ).

Lub depigmentation tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, thiab cov pob dawb, ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qee zaum, cov plaub hau lossis cov plaub hau uas loj hlob hauv thaj chaw depigmented kuj yog dawb. Vitiligo tsis kis los yog mob, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj.

loj heev

Le vitiligo cuam ​​tshuam li ntawm 1% mus rau 2% ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10 txog 30 xyoo (ib nrab ntawm cov neeg cuam tshuam yog ua ntej hnub nyoog 20 xyoo). Vim li no, Vitiligo yog qhov tsawg heev hauv cov menyuam yaus. Nws cuam tshuam rau txiv neej thiab poj niam, thiab tshwm sim thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ntawm txhua hom tawv nqaij.

Hom kab mob vitiligo

Muaj ntau hom vitiligo²¹ :

• le vitiligo segmentaire, nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev, piv txwv li ntawm ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub cev sab sauv, ceg lossis caj npab. Daim ntawv no ntawm vitiligo tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov menyuam yaus lossis cov hluas. Lub depigmented cheeb tsam sib haum mus rau ib qho "innervation territory", uas yog hais tias ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij innervated los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb paj. Daim ntawv no tshwm sim sai nyob rau hauv ob peb lub hlis, ces feem ntau ceases evolve;
• le generalized vitiligo uas tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob qij txha uas feem ntau ntau dua los yog tsawg dua symmetrical, cuam tshuam rau ob sab ntawm lub cev, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb thaj chaw ntawm rov sib txhuam los yog siab. Lo lus "generalized" tsis tas txhais tau hais tias qhov chaw dav dav. Cov chav kawm yog qhov tsis paub tseeb, qhov chaw muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm me me thiab hauv zos los yog kis tau sai;
• le vitiligo universalis kab mob, rarer, uas kis tau sai thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam yuav luag tag nrho lub cev.

Ua rau

Qhov ua rau vitiligo tsis paub zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, peb paub tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob dawb yog vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm melanocytes, cov hlwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tsim melanin. Thaum cov melanocytes raug rhuav tshem, daim tawv nqaij tig dawb kiag li. Ntau qhov kev xav tau tam sim no tau nce siab los piav qhia txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm melanocytes²³. Vitiligo yog ib yam kab mob uas muaj ob qho tib si caj ces, ib puag ncig thiab autoimmune keeb kwm.

• autoimmune hypothesis

Vitiligo yog ib hom kab mob uas muaj zog autoimmune. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov neeg uas muaj vitiligo tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv txav uas ncaj qha tawm tsam melanocytes thiab pab rhuav tshem lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, vitiligo feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam kab mob autoimmune, xws li thyroid kab mob, uas qhia txog kev muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv.

• Genetic hypothesis

Vitiligo kuj tseem txuas nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces, tsis yog txhua tus tau pom meej meej²². Nws yog qhov tshwm sim rau ntau tus neeg muaj vitiligo hauv tib tsev neeg. Tsawg kawg yog 10 cov noob tau koom nrog, raws li kev tshawb fawb pom hauv xyoo 2010²⁴. Cov noob no ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

• Kev sib sau ntawm cov dawb radicals

Raws li ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb²³, cov melanocytes ntawm cov neeg uas muaj vitiligo sau ntau dawb radicals, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pov tseg tsim los ntawm lub cev. Qhov txawv txav no yuav ua rau "kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej" ntawm melanocytes.

• Nerve hypothesis

Segmental vitiligo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv depigmentation ntawm ib cheeb tsam delimited, coj mus rau qhov chaw innervated los ntawm ib tug muab paj hlwb. Vim li no, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias depigmentation tuaj yeem txuas nrog kev tso tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas yuav txo qis melanin.

• Ib puag ncig yam

Txawm hais tias lawv tsis yog qhov ua rau vitiligo nws tus kheej, ntau yam tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw (saib qhov muaj feem yuav tshwm sim).

Evolution thiab teeb meem

Feem ntau, tus kab mob mus rau a lub suab tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tuaj yeem nres lossis nthuav dav yam tsis paub vim li cas. Vitiligo tuaj yeem nce qib hauv theem, nrog rau qhov hnyav qee zaum tshwm sim tom qab muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis lub cev tshwm sim. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov plaques ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Sib nrug los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tshuaj pleev ib ce, vitiligo tsis yog ib yam kab mob loj. Cov neeg uas muaj vitiligo, txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim tias thaj chaw depigmented tsis tsim teeb meem rau lub hnub rays. Cov neeg no kuj muaj feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lwm yam kab mob autoimmune. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej rau cov neeg uas muaj segmental vitiligo.