Cov hlab ntsha azygos (azygos: los ntawm Greek lub ntsiab lus "uas tsis yog txawm tias"), tseem hu ua azygos leeg zoo, yog cov hlab ntshav nyob hauv lub thorax.

Txoj hauj lwm. Cov hlab ntsha azygos thiab nws cov ceg tau nyob ntawm qib ntawm cheeb tsam lumbar sab saud, ntxiv rau qib ntawm phab ntsa hauv siab.

qauv. Cov hlab ntsha azygos yog cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntshav azygos. Qhov kawg tau muab faib ua ob ntu:

• ib feem ncaj uas suav nrog cov hlab ntsha azygos lossis cov hlab ntsha loj azygos;
• ib sab laug suav nrog cov me me azygos lossis cov hlab ntsha hemiazygous, suav nrog cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous, lossis qis dua cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous, thiab cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous, lossis cov hlab ntshav sab saud. (1) (2)

Ua tsaug os

Keeb kwm. Cov hlab ntsha azygos siv nws keeb kwm ntawm qhov siab ntawm 11th txoj cai intercostal qhov chaw, thiab los ntawm ob qhov chaw:

• ib qhov chaw suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txoj hlab ntaws ntawm sab xis thiab txoj cai thib 12 ntawm txoj hlab ntshav sib tshuam;
• ib qhov chaw tsim los ntawm cov posterior nto ntawm vena cava tsis zoo, lossis los ntawm txoj hlab ntshav sab xis.

Kab. Cov hlab ntsha azygos nce raws lub ntsej muag pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cev vertebral. Nyob rau theem ntawm plaub lub dorsal vertebra, azygos leeg leeg nkhaus thiab tsim cov koov kom koom nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws vena cava.

Ceg ntoo. Cov hlab ntsha azygos muaj ob peb ceg ceg uas yuav koom nrog nws thaum nws taug kev: qhov kawg yim txoj cai posterior intercostal leeg, txoj cai zoo tshaj intercostal leeg, cov hlab ntsws thiab txoj hlab pas, nrog rau ob leeg hemiazygous. (1) (2)

Hemiazygous leeg

Keeb Kwm. Cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab ntawm 11th sab laug sab nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw, thiab los ntawm ob qhov chaw:

• ib qhov chaw suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sab laug nce ntawm cov leeg leeg thiab thib 12 sab laug intercostal leeg;
• ib qhov chaw uas muaj cov hlab ntshav sab laug.

Txoj kev. Cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous taug kev mus rau sab laug ntawm tus nqaj qaum. Tom qab ntawd nws koom nrog cov hlab ntsha azygos ntawm qib ntawm qib 8 dorsal vertebra.

Ceg ntoo. Cov hlab ntshav hemiazygous muaj cov ceg ntoo uas yuav koom nrog nws thaum nws taug kev: kawg 4 lossis 5 sab laug cov leeg leeg sab hauv. (1) (2)

Cov khoom siv hemiazygous leeg

Keeb kwm. Cov khoom siv hemiazygous cov hlab ntshav ntws los ntawm 5 txog rau 8th sab laug tom qab nruab nrab ntawm txoj hlab ntshav.

Kab. Nws nqis rau ntawm lub ntsej muag sab laug ntawm lub cev vertebral. Nws koom nrog cov hlab ntsha azygos ntawm qib ntawm qib 8 dorsal vertebra.

Ceg ntoo. Raws txoj kev, cov ceg txheem ntseeg koom nrog cov khoom siv hemiazygous vein: cov hlab ntsws thiab cov hlab ntshav nruab nrab. 1,2

Azygos venous system tau siv los tso ntshav ntshav, tsis muaj oxygen, los ntawm sab nraub qaum, hauv siab, thiab phab ntsa hauv plab (1) (2).

Phlebitis. Kuj tseem hu ua venous thrombosis, cov kab mob no sib xws rau kev tsim cov ntshav khov, lossis thrombus, hauv cov leeg. Cov kab mob pathology no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam mob xws li ntshav tsis txaus (3).

Venous tsis txaus. Qhov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov venous network. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim hauv azygos venous system, cov ntshav cov ntshav yog tom qab ntawd cov dej ntws tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov ntshav ncig (3).

Kho mob. Nyob ntawm tus kab mob kev kuaj mob, qee yam tshuaj yuav raug sau tseg xws li anticoagulants, lossis txawm tias antiaggregants.

Thrombolyse. Qhov kev ntsuas no suav nrog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaws, lossis ntshav khov, siv tshuaj. Txoj kev kho no yog siv thaum lub sijhawm myocardial infarction.

Kev kuaj lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshuaj ntsuam mob tau ua los tshuaj xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus neeg mob.

Kev kuaj mob kuaj mob. Txhawm rau tsim lossis lees paub kev kuaj mob, tuaj yeem ua Doppler ultrasound lossis CT scan.

Kev piav qhia ntawm azygos leeg. Bartolomeo Eustachi, xyoo pua 16th Italian anatomist thiab kws kho mob, tau piav txog ntau yam qauv ntawm lub cev suav nrog azygos leeg. (4)