Cov hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm daim siab, hepatocytes ua ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb: lim ntshav, tshem tawm cov co toxins, khaws cia thiab sib xyaw cov suab thaj, thiab lwm yam.

Feem ntau ntawm daim siab muaj cov hepatocytes tau teeb tsa hauv qhov dav, nruab nrab ntawm cov uas ua kom cov ntshav capillaries thiab cov cua sov ua kom sov. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj lom biochemical tseeb, cov hlwb no yog li ntawd ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ntes cov co toxins nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab hauv cov kua tsib. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lawv lub luag haujlwm nkaus xwb, vim lawv tseem khaws thiab tsim ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb rau lub cev: qabzib, triglycerin, albumin, ntsev ntsev, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis muaj qhov ua haujlwm hepatocytes, lub cev lub neej tsis pub dhau ob peb teev. Cov hlwb no muaj ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, suav nrog:

• ltswj ntshav qab zib : thaum muaj hyperglycemia, tus txiav txiav zais cov tshuaj insulin, uas yuav qhib qhov kev nqus thiab khaws cia cov ntshav qabzib los ntawm hepatocytes. Hloov pauv, thaum muaj kev mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev, nws tso tawm glucagon, txhawm rau txhawb nqa hepatocytes kom tso lub zog no hauv cov ntshav;
• ntshav detoxification : hepatocytes tshem tawm cov ntshav ntawm co toxins (cawv, tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam), tom qab ntawd tshem lawv nrog cov kua tsib; 
• secretion ntawm bile uas, khaws cia rau hauv lub zais zis, yuav tso rau hauv txoj hnyuv thaum lub sijhawm zom zaub mov. Cov khoom no muaj ob qho pov tseg pov tseg los ntawm cov ntshav thiab kua qaub, muaj peev xwm zom cov lipid uas tau noj los ntawm cov zaub mov mus rau hauv triglycerides, lwm qhov "roj" ntawm lub cev;
• synthesis ntawm triglycerides los ntawm qab zib thiab cawv. Cov no yog cov roj ntsha tib yam li tau hais los saum no. Zoo li lawv, yog li ntawd lawv tau thauj los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau cov cell uas xav tau lawv (cov leeg, thiab lwm yam) lossis khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose;
• kev tsim cov khoom sib txuam, uas yog hais cov protein koom nrog hauv ntshav khov.

Hepatic steatosis

Nws yog qhov txuam nrog ntawm triglycerides hauv hepatocytes. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev haus cawv ntau dhau tab sis kuj - thiab nws yog ntau thiab ntau zaus - ua rau cov neeg mob uas tsis haus dej tab sis rog dhau lossis muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Hepatic steatosis tseem tsis muaj asymptomatic ntev ua ntej ua rau mob siab. Nws yog cov lus teb uas feem ntau ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology.

Kab mob siab

Kev mob siab rau daim siab, kab mob siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rog rog, tab sis kuj los ntawm tus kab mob uas sib kis hauv cov kab mob siab hepatocytes (kab mob siab A, B lossis C tus kab mob), los ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj, los ntawm cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsawg dua, los ntawm kab mob autoimmune.

Cov tsos mob sib txawv ntau los ntawm rooj plaub rau rooj plaub: 

• ua npaws;
• tsis qab los noj mov.
• zawv plab;
• xeev siab;
• tsis xis nyob hauv plab;
• daj;
• thiab lwm yam

Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau me me lossis hnyav, ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej, lossis mob siab rau. Piv txwv li kab mob siab C, dhau mus ntev hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob, thaum tus kab mob siab A tuaj yeem daws tau sai. Tus kab mob no tseem tuaj yeem tsis pom, thiab tsuas yog pom tom qab nws tau nce mus rau mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob qog noj ntshav.

Kab mob ntsws

Yog tias lawv mob hnyav tsis tau saib xyuas, cov kab mob siab hepatocytes tuag ib leeg tom qab ib qho. Lub siab ces maj mam poob nws txoj haujlwm.

Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov teeb meem uas feem ntau ua rau pom pom ntawm tus kab mob cirrhosis: plab zom mov, ascites (mob plab zom mov txuas nrog kev sib sau ntawm cov kua hauv cov kab noj hniav peritoneal), jaundice (jaundice ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab dawb ntawm lub qhov muag, dub zis), mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lwm yam.

Mob siab mob cancer

Hepatocarcinoma, lossis kab mob siab hepatocellular carcinoma, pib hauv hepatocyte uas, dhau los ua qhov txawv txav, pib nthuav dav hauv qhov tsis xwm yeem thiab tsim cov qog nqaij hlav. Nws yog qhov tsawg heev rau hom kev raug mob no tshwm sim rau ntawm daim siab uas tsis muaj steatosis, kab mob siab lossis cirrhosis.

Qhov hnyav tsis piav qhia, tsis qab los noj mov, mob plab, xeev siab thiab ntuav, nquag nkees, pom cov pob zeb hauv thaj tsam thaj tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog txuam nrog jaundice, yuav tsum ceeb toom koj. Tab sis ceev faj: cov tsos mob no tshwm sim rau lwm yam kab mob siab. Tsuas yog kws kho mob thiaj tuaj yeem kuaj mob.

Focal nodular hyperplasia

Focal nodular hyperplasia yog qhov nce ntawm cov hepatocytes hauv siab, ua rau nws nce ntxiv. Fibrous nodules ntawm 1 txog 10 cm tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov qog no, tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab zoo, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev noj tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj lossis kev kho tshuaj estrogen. Lawv cov teeb meem yog tsawg. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsis tshua muaj tshem lawv tawm phais.

Los ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab siv sijhawm ntev los kho qhov ua rau mob siab (kho tshuaj tua kab mob, tshem dej cawv, poob phaus, tswj ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam), mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis tso tseg. Yog tias cov ntaub so ntswg twb tau puas lawm, nws yuav tsis kho, tab sis lub siab ntxiv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm lawm. Yog tias tus kab mob cirrhosis tau zoo heev, tsuas yog hloov pauv tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub siab, yog tias muaj kev txiav tawm.

Thaum muaj mob qog noj ntshav, cov txheej txheem kho mob yog dav:

• tshem tawm ib nrab ntawm daim siab;
• tag nrho tshem tawm tom qab hloov chaw;
• kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob lossis microwaves;
• electroporation;
• kev siv tshuaj kho mob;
• thiab lwm yam 

Lub tswv yim kho mob yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm qhov txhab, lawv qhov loj me, theem thiab qhov mob ntawm daim siab.

Ntsib nrog cov tsos mob qhia txog kab mob hauv lub siab, kev kuaj ntshav qhia pom kev koom tes ntawm daim siab (hypoalbuminemia, thiab lwm yam). Yog tias tsis pom muaj tus kab mob hauv cov ntshav, yuav tau kuaj ultrasound, ntxiv yog tias tsim nyog nrog MRI, CT scan lossis Doppler ultrasound. Ib qho kev kuaj nqaij kuj tseem yuav thov ntxiv.