Ovarian follicles yog cov qauv nyob hauv lub zes qe menyuam thiab koom nrog hauv ovulation.

Txoj hauj lwm. Ovarian follicles nyob rau hauv cortical cheeb tsam ntawm zes qe menyuam. Ob tus lej, poj niam zes qe menyuam lossis gonads yog cov qog nyob hauv lub plab me me, tom qab ntawm lub tsev menyuam 1. Lawv kuj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha fallopian, uas lawv fringes ciam teb lawv tsim ib tug pavilion. Ovoid nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab 3 mus rau 4 cm ntev, lub zes qe menyuam muaj 2 qhov chaw:

• Ntawm qhov periphery ntawm zes qe menyuam yog thaj tsam cortical, qhov chaw ntawm zes qe menyuam follicles nyob;
• Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub zes qe menyuam yog thaj chaw qaum qaum, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlab ntsha.

qauv. Txhua lub zes qe menyuam muaj cov oocyte, uas yuav dhau los ua lub zes qe menyuam. Cov qauv ntawm zes qe menyuam follicles txawv raws li lawv cov theem ntawm maturation (2) (3):

1. Primordial follicle: Nws taw qhia lub zes qe menyuam follicle uas nws qhov loj hlob tseem tsis tau pib. Hom follicle no sib haum mus rau qhov pom nyob hauv thaj tsam cortical.
2. Lub hauv paus follicle: Nws sib haum rau thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub follicle qhov twg oocyte thiab cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig nws loj hlob.
3. Secondary follicle: Nyob rau theem no, ob peb txheej ntawm epithelium tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub oocyte. Cov yav tas kuj tseem loj tuaj. Cov hlwb follicular ces coj lub npe ntawm cov hlwb granular.
4. Mature Secondary follicle: Ib txheej ntawm cov hlwb tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub follicle, tsim cov follicular theca. Nyob rau theem no, lub oocyte secretes ib yam khoom tsim ib daim nyias nyias, lub zona pellucida. Cov kua translucent kuj sib sau nruab nrab ntawm cov cell granular.
5. Kev loj hlob ntawm zes qe menyuam follicle lossis De Graaf's follicle: Cov kua dej sib xyaw ntawm cov hlwb granular ua ke thiab tsim cov kab noj hniav, lub follicular antrum. Raws li nws txuas ntxiv ua kua, kab noj hniav loj hlob mus rau thaum kawg cais cov oocyte ncig los ntawm nws cov tshuaj ntsiav, hu ua corona radiata. Thaum lub follicle ncav cuag nws qhov siab tshaj plaws, nws yog npaj rau ovulation.
6. Corpus luteum: Thaum lub sij hawm ovulation, lub oocyte raug ntiab tawm thaum lub follicle collapses. Cov hlwb granular sib npaug los sau qhov chaw sab laug los ntawm oocyte. Cov hlwb no hloov pauv thiab dhau los ua cov hlwb luteal, ua rau cov follicle hu ua corpus luteum. Cov tom kawg muaj ib qho kev ua haujlwm endocrine los ntawm kev sib txuas hauv cov tshuaj progesterone, ib qho tshuaj hormones koom nrog hauv kev tshwm sim ntawm fertilization ntawm ovum.
7. Lub cev dawb: Qhov kawg theem no sib haum mus rau tag nrho degeneration ntawm lub follicle.

Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 28 hnub, lub voj voog zes qe menyuam yog hais txog txhua qhov tshwm sim uas tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub qe hauv zes qe menyuam. Cov xwm txheej no tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem hormonal sib txawv thiab muab faib ua ob theem (2) (3):

• Cov theem tshwj xeeb. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm 1st mus rau 14 hnub ntawm lub zes qe menyuam voj voog thiab xaus thaum lub sij hawm ovulation. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ob peb primordial zes qe menyuam follicles pib mature. Tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov follicles ntawm zes qe menyuam mus txog theem De Graaf follicle thiab sib haum rau cov follicle lub luag haujlwm rau kev tshem tawm ntawm oocyte thaum lub sij hawm ovulation.
• Luteal theem. Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm 14th mus rau 28th hnub ntawm lub voj voog thiab sib haum mus rau degeneration ntawm lub follicle. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub zes qe menyuam follicles hloov mus rau hauv lub cev daj ces dawb.

Mob qog nqaij hlav qe menyuam. Malignant (cancerous) lossis benign (non-cancerous) cov qog tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv zes qe menyuam, qhov chaw ntawm zes qe menyuam nyob (4). Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog kev tsis xis nyob hauv plab, teeb meem kev coj khaub ncaws lossis mob.

Ovarian Cyst. Nws sib raug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hnab tsho sab nraud lossis sab hauv lub zes qe menyuam. Cov qauv ntawm lub zes qe menyuam cyst yog hloov pauv. Ob hom cysts yog qhov txawv:

• Cov hlwv uas siv tau ntau tshaj plaws daws nws tus kheej (1).
• Organic cysts yuav tsum tau saib xyuas raws li lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob, mob, thiab qee qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Kev phais mob. Raws li kev kuaj mob pathology thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv, kev phais mob tuaj yeem siv tau raws li kev phais laparoscopic hauv qee kis ntawm zes qe menyuam.

Kws khomob. Nyob ntawm hom thiab theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, kev kho mob ntawm cov qog yuav ua tau nrog kev kho mob chemotherapy.

Kev kuaj lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshuaj ntsuam mob tau ua los txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas cov tsos mob pom los ntawm tus neeg mob.

Kev kuaj mob kuaj mob. Nyob ntawm seb qhov xav tau lossis pov thawj pathology, kev kuaj ntxiv yuav raug ua xws li ultrasound lossis x-ray.

Laparoscopy. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog cov txheej txheem endoscopic uas tso cai rau nkag mus rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav, tsis qhib lub plab phab ntsa.

Kev kuaj mob lom. Kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem ua tau los txheeb xyuas, piv txwv li, qee cov cim qog.

Keeb xeeb, lub zes qe menyuam tau xaiv tsuas yog cov kabmob uas cov qe tau tsim hauv cov tsiaj oviparous, yog li Latin etymological keeb kwm: lub zes qe menyuam, vaj. Lub sij hawm zes qe menyuam tau muab los ntawm kev sib piv rau cov poj niam gonads hauv cov tsiaj viviparous, uas tau raug xa mus rau cov poj niam testes (5).