Covanemia yog ib qho teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tshwm sim los ntawm a tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab. Cov qe ntshav liab yog cov qe ntshav nyob hauv cov ntshav. Lawv siv, ntawm lwm yam, muab cov pa oxygen rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev.

Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav hnov ​​​​zoo weary et khiav tawm ntawm chav yooj yim dua li niaj zaus, vim tias lawv lub siab yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav dua los muab lawv lub cev nrog oxygen.

Raws li Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, 25% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntshav qab zib¹. Ib nrab ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog xav tias yog vim li cas tsis muaj peev xwm noj zaub mov hauv Fer. cov poj niam uas muaj lub sijhawm hnyav, cov menyuam thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm anemia.

Ua rau

Ntau qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib.

• A hlau tsis muaj peev xwm.
• A vitamin deficiency.
• A tus kab mob mus ntev los yog kab mob pob txha.
• A caj ces mob, uas ua rau piv txwv rau kev puas tsuaj sai heev ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
• A hemorrhage, uas yog, cov ntshav ntws tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Hom kab mob tseem ceeb

• Iron tsis muaj zog. Nws yog hom mob ntshav qab zib ntau tshaj plaws. Lub sij hawm hnyav thiab noj zaub mov tsis muaj hlau yog feem ntau ua rau. Iron deficiency anemia hloov qhov loj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, uas ua rau me dua li qub (microcytic anemia). Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib peb daim ntawv qhia txog Iron Deficiency Anemia.
• Anemia tshwm sim los ntawm vitamin deficiency. Hom kab mob no ua rau cov qe ntshav liab deformed loj heev (macrocytic anemia). Feem ntau yog cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj vitamin B12 lossis vitamin B9 (folic acid). Thawj zaug tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamin no, kev nqus tsis zoo hauv plab, lossis mob hu ua pernicious anemia. Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib peb B12 deficiency anemia daim ntawv tseeb.
• Anemia tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob ntev. Ntau cov kab mob ntev (thiab qee zaum lawv cov kev kho mob) tuaj yeem txo cov qe ntshav liab ncig hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog qhov mob qog noj ntshav, Crohn's kab mob thiab cov kab mob inflammatory xws li mob caj dab rheumatoid. Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntshav qab zib vim lub raum tso tawm erythropoietin, cov tshuaj hormones uas txhawb kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no khaws lawv qhov loj thiab zoo li qub (normocytic anemia).
• Hemorrhagic anemia. Kev poob ntshav hnyav tom qab muaj xwm txheej loj, kev phais lossis kev yug menyuam, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus. Qee qhov teeb meem ntawm plab hnyuv (peptic ulcer, plab hnyuv polyps lossis mob qog noj ntshav) tuaj yeem ua rau nws, tab sis lub sijhawm no ua rau me ntsis thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov quav (qee zaum pom tsis tau), dhau lub sijhawm ntev.
• Hemolytic anemia. Hom mob ntshav qab zib no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj sai heev ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Nws tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (autoimmune lossis tsis haum), rau qhov muaj cov co toxins hauv cov ntshav, kev kis kab mob (piv txwv li, malaria), lossis txawm tias yog yug los (mob cell anemia, thalassemia, thiab lwm yam). Daim ntawv congenital feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov tib neeg ntawm African keeb kwm.
• Sideroblastic anemia. Lo lus no suav nrog ib pawg ntawm cov ntshav tsis tshua tsawg uas cov qe ntshav liab tsis tuaj yeem kho cov hlau hauv hemoglobin. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem enzymatic ntawm keeb kwm los yog tau txais keeb kwm. Cov qe ntshav liab ces me dua li qub.
• Aplastic anemia (los yog aplastic). Cov kab mob tsawg no tshwm sim thaum cov pob txha pob txha tsis tsim cov qe ntshav txaus lawm. Yog li, tsis tsuas yog tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab, tab sis kuj muaj cov qe ntshav dawb thiab cov ntshav platelets. Hauv 50% ntawm cov neeg mob, aplastic anemia yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, qee yam tshuaj los yog raug hluav taws xob. Nws kuj tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov mob hnyav, xws li mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov pob txha (piv txwv li, leukemia).

diagnostic

Txij li thaum ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau cov tsos mob ib leeg los tsim ib qho diagnostic, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas ntawm a cov ntshav ua piv txwv. Cov ntshav suav tag nrho (cov ntshav suav tag) feem ntau yog tus kws kho mob sau tseg.

Ntawm no yog 3 lub ntsiab parameter :

• Qib hemoglobin : qhov concentration ntawm hemoglobin (cov pa pigment muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab) nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, qhia nyob rau hauv grams ntawm hemoglobin ib liter ntawm cov ntshav (g / l) los yog ib 100 ml ntawm cov ntshav (g / 100 ml los yog g / dl).
• Qib hematocrit : qhov piv, qhia raws li feem pua, ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov qe ntshav liab ntawm cov qauv ntshav (dhau los ntawm lub centrifuge) nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub ntim ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv no.
• Cov ntshav liab suav : tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm cov ntshav, ib txwm qhia nyob rau hauv lab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav (millions / µl).

Cov nqi ib txwm muaj

hais. Cov txiaj ntsig no rau hemoglobin thiab hematocrit yog tus qauv rau 95% ntawm tib neeg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias 5% ntawm cov tib neeg muaj "tsis-tus qauv" qhov tseem ceeb thaum noj qab nyob zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig uas nyob rau qis qis ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj yuav qhia tau tias qhov pib mob ntshav qab zib yog tias lawv feem ntau siab dua.

lwm yam kuaj ntshav tej zaum yuav xav tau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob thiab nrhiav pom qhov ua rau mob ntshav qab zib. Nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub decals cov qe ntshav liab, qhov ntau npaum li cas Fer lossis txawv vitamins hauv cov ntshav, thiab lwm yam.