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Cov kab mob meningitis yog dab tsi?
Meningitis yog ib qho mob thiab kis kab mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, daim nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum (lub hauv paus paj hlwb). Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob (viral meningitis), kab mob (bacterial meningitis), lossis txawm tias muaj kab mob los yog kab mob cab.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob meningitis, cov tsev neeg sib txawv thiab hom kab mob tuaj yeem koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, Kev kho mob yog ua raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, feem ntau yog txhaj tshuaj.
Pneumococcal meningitis
Pneumococcus, ntawm nws lub npe Latin Streptococcus pneumoniae, yog ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kab mob muaj peev xwm ua rau ntau yam kab mob ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, los ntawm sinusitis mus rau mob ntsws, nrog rau meningitis los yog otitis.
Tus kab mob pneumococcus yog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nasopharyngeal sphere (lub qhov ntswg, pharynx thiab tej zaum qhov ncauj) ntawm "cov neeg nqa khoom noj qab haus huv" yam tsis muaj tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws kis mus rau ib tus neeg uas tsis muaj nws thiab / lossis nws lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus, nws tuaj yeem ua rau otitis, sinusitis, lossis txawm mob ntsws lossis mob meningitis yog tias Streptococcus pneumoniae nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ncav cuag meninges.
Kev tuag los ntawm tus mob pneumococcal meningitis yog siab dua rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus thiab cov menyuam mos. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kab mob meningitis no tsis ua rau muaj kev sib kis raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kab mob meningococcal meningitis.
Neisseria Meningitidis : case of meningococcal meningitis
Raws li nws lub npe qhia, cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis, los ntawm tsev neeg meningococcal, feem ntau ua rau mob meningitis. Muaj 13 hom kab mob, lossis serogroups ntawm tsev neeg kab mob no. Cov no suav nrog meningococcal meningitis hom B thiab hom C, feem ntau nyob hauv Europe, nrog rau hom A, W, X thiab Y.
Hauv Fab Kis xyoo 2018, raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm National Reference Center for Meningococci thiab Haemophilus influenzae los ntawm lub koom haum Pasteur, ntawm 416 tus neeg mob meningococcal meningitis uas cov serogroup tau paub, 51% yog serogroup B, 13% yog C, 21% ntawm W, 13% ntawm Y thiab 2% ntawm cov serogroups tsis tshua muaj lossis tsis yog serogroupable.
Nco ntsoov tias cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ENT sphere (caj pas, qhov ntswg) los ntawm 1 txog 10% ntawm cov pejxeem (sab nraum lub sijhawm muaj kabmob sib kis), raws li World Health Organization (WHO). Tab sis nws tshwm sim tias cov kab mob no cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua rau mob meningitis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, me nyuam yaus, cov hluas los yog cov hluas, thiab cov neeg mob immunocompromised.
Listeria, Haemophilus influenzae et Escherichia coli, lwm yam kab mob koom nrog
Paub zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, lub Listeria Nws yog ib qho kab mob sib kis uas ua rau cov kab mob listeriosis hauv cov neeg tsis muaj zog, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob meningitis. Li no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ua raws li kev noj haus thiab kev nyiam huv cov lus pom zoo thaum cev xeeb tub thiab thaum yau yau, ntawm lwm tus hauv zam cov cheese thiab cov khoom noj siv mis ua los ntawm cov mis nyuj nyoos, nyoos, haus luam yeeb lossis cov nqaij tsis qab, thiab lwm yam Listeria monocytogenes kis los ntawm txoj hnyuv thaum noj cov khoom noj mis nyuj los yog cov nqaij txias.
Lwm hom kab mob meningitis muaj nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txuas nrog cov kab mob Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), uas tseem muaj ntau heev nyob rau Fabkis ob peb xyoo dhau los. Cov tshuaj tiv thaivHaemophilus influenzae, thawj zaug qhia thiab tom qab ntawd ua yuam kev, tau txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom kab mob meningitis thiab mob ntsws los ntawm cov kab mob no.
Tseem muaj cov kab mob meningitis txuas nrog kab mob Escherichia coli, leej twg tuaj yeem yog zaub mov, thaum qhov chaw yug menyuam, vim yog kev sib cuag nrog leej niam qhov chaw mos. Cov menyuam mos yug me nyuam qis thiab cov menyuam yug ntxov ntxov yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.
Tus kab mob kis tau tus kab mob tuberculosis tuaj yeem ua rau mob meningitis hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Contagion: Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj ntes cov kab mob meningitis?
Kev kis kab mob ntawm cov kab mob meningitis, txawm yog vim mob pneumococcus los yog meningococcus, tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib raug zoo, ncaj qha los yog tsis ncaj thiab ntev kev sib cuag nrog nasopharyngeal secretions, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus los ntawm cov qaub ncaug droplets, hnoos, postillions. Kev siv cov khoom tsis huv (cov khoom ua si, cutlery) kuj tuaj yeem kis tau cov kab mob, uas yuav raug kaw rau hauv ENT sphere los yog ncav cuag meninges, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob, cov me nyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam yaus.
Nco ntsoov tias pneumococcal meningitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab lub taub hau raug mob, uas yuav tsim kev ua txhaum cai ntawm meninges. Qhov no hu ua post-traumatic meningitis. Pneumococcal meningitis kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab tus kab mob ENT classic (otitis, mob khaub thuas, bronchiolitis, mob khaub thuas ...).
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob meningitis
Bacterial meningitis muaj ob hom tsos mob tseem ceeb, xws li:
- un kab mob syndrome, ua ke ua ke cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob xws li kub taub hau, mob taub hau loj, ntuav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dav hlau);
- thiab meningeal syndrome, kos npe rau ntawm o ntawm meninges, uas ua rau lub caj dab txhav, tsis meej pem, cuam tshuam ntawm kev nco qab, lethargy, rhiab heev rau lub teeb (photophobia), txawm lub coma los yog qaug dab peg.
Cov tsos mob uas qee zaum nyuaj rau pom hauv tus menyuam
Nco ntsoov tias hauv cov me nyuam yaus, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me nyuam mos, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob meningitis tuaj yeem tsis yog tshwj xeeb thiab nyuaj rau pom.
Qee qhov tam sim no ib tug pallor los yog ib tug grey complexion, qaug dab peg los yog nqaij leeg. Tus me nyuam me tuaj yeem tsis kam noj, nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm tsaug zog txawv txav, los yog nquag quaj tas li, los yog kev ntxhov siab tshwj xeeb. ib bulging ntawm fontanel los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub pob txha taub hau thiab hypersensitivity rau kov kuj tuaj yeem pom, txawm tias qhov no tsis yog qhov systematic.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov kub taub hau sai sai yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev sib tham thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Le cov purpura fulminans, qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb
Lub xub ntiag ntawm liab los yog liab doog, hu ua cov purpura fulminans, Sab Hnub Tuaj ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus heev kab mob meningitis. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov pob no ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum ua rau kev saib xyuas sai, nrog rau kev saib mus rau hauv tsev kho mob tam sim. Yog tias tus kab mob purpura tau tshwm sim thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob meningitis, kev tswj hwm tshuaj tua kab mob pib sai li sai tau. Qhov pib ntawm purpura vim mob meningitis yog ib ceev ceev kiag,vim a hem ntawm septic shock, uas yog kev hem thawj rau lub neej (peb feem ntau hais txog xob laim meningitis).
Raws li cov tsos mob tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm tus mob meningitis vim muaj tus kab mob los yog kab mob, nws yog cerebrospinal kua tsom xam, muab los ntawm tus txha nraub qaum thaum a lumbar puncture, uas yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias tus kab mob meningitis yog kab mob los yog tsis. Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm cov kua uas coj tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim ntawm hom kab mob meningitis nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug (hloov purulent nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab mob), cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm cov qauv yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias cov kab mob twg yog qhov ua rau thiab yog li ntawd. hloov kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom haum.
Bacterial meningitis: kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis feem ntau yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov cov lus pom zoo ntawm lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj. Qhov tseeb, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob meningitis, tshwj xeeb Streptococcus mob ntsws, tej serogroups ntawm cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis, et Haemophilus influenzae.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal serogroup C yog nrauv nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos yug los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 1, 2018, thiab pom zoo rau cov me nyuam yug ua ntej hnub no raws li nram no:
- rau menyuam mos, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua 5ay, ua raws li ib koob tshuaj boost thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 hli (nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tib yam yog tias ua tau), paub tias koob tshuaj 12 lub hlis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR (measles-mumps-rubella);
- Txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 lub hlis thiab txog rau hnub nyoog 24 xyoos, rau cov neeg uas tsis tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug, cov txheej txheem muaj ib koob tshuaj.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal hom B, hu ua Bexsero, uas tau pom zoo thiab them rov qab tsuas yog nyob rau qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb hauv cov neeg tsis muaj zog txaus ntshai lossis muaj xwm txheej kis mob. ;
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal conjugate tetravalent tiv thaiv serogroups A, C, Y, W135, kuj tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal yog nrauv rau cov menyuam mos yug los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2018, raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- kev txhaj tshuaj ob lub hlis sib nrug (ob thiab plaub lub hlis);
- ib qho kev txhawb nqa thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 hli.
Tom qab muaj hnub nyoog 2 xyoos, kev txhaj tshuaj yog pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kab mob ntev ua rau muaj kab mob pneumococcal (mob ntshav qab zib tshwj xeeb). Tom qab ntawd nws suav nrog ob qhov kev txhaj tshuaj sib nrug 2 lub hlis sib nrug, ua raws li kev txhawb nqa xya lub hlis tom qab.
Haemophilus influenzae hom B tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Haemophilus influenzae hom B is nrauv rau cov menyuam mos yug los yog tom qab Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2018, thiab pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus uas yug ua ntej hnub ntawd, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, tetanus thiab polio (DTP):
- txhaj tshuaj ntawm ob lub hlis thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm plaub lub hlis;
- nco txog ntawm 11 lub hlis.
Un txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Nws tuaj yeem ua tau mus txog rau hnub nyoog 5 xyoos. Tom qab ntawd suav nrog ob koob tshuaj thiab ib koob tshuaj yog tias tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 6 txog 12 lub hlis, thiab ib koob tshuaj tshaj 12 lub hlis thiab txog rau hnub nyoog 5 xyoos.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau ua kom txo tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob kab mob meningitis hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau kev tuag txuas nrog cov kab mob loj no.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau tus kheej tiv thaiv, nws txwv tsis pub kis tus kab mob no thiab yog li ntawd tiv thaiv cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me nyuam mos thiab cov neeg mob immunocompromised.
qhov chaw:
- https://www.pasteur.fr/fr/centre-medical/fiches-maladies/meningites-meningocoques
- https://www.ameli.fr/assure/sante/themes/meningite-aigue/definition-causes-facteurs-favorisants
- https://www.associationpetitange.com/meningites-bacteriennes.html
- https://www.meningitis.ca/fr/Overview
- https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_17_Pneumococcus_French_R1.pdf