Kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb yog kev tshawb fawb rau kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho yam tsis muaj kev lag luam tshwj xeeb lossis lwm lub hom phiaj siv tau.
Kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas muaj raws li nws lub hom phiaj tsim cov tswv yim theoretical thiab cov qauv, cov tswv yim siv tau uas tsis pom tseeb (Titov VN Institutional thiab ideological yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm science // Sotsiol. Issled.1999. No. 8. p. 66).
Raws li cov lus txhais tau txais los ntawm Central Statistical Bureau of Russia:
- Kev tshawb fawb hauv paus suav nrog kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb theoretical txhawm rau kom tau txais kev paub tshiab yam tsis muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam txog kev siv cov kev paub no. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig yog kev xav, kev xav, txoj hauv kev, thiab lwm yam ... Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv paus tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov lus pom zoo rau kev teeb tsa kev tshawb fawb los txheeb xyuas cov sijhawm rau kev siv cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam.
US National Science Foundation txhais lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no:
- Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev dav dav ntawm kev paub theoretical ... Lawv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ua lag luam ua ntej, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev txaus siab lossis yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam yav tom ntej.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yog kev paub txog kev cai lij choj tswj hwm tus cwj pwm thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov xwm txheej, tib neeg thiab kev xav. Cov kev cai lij choj thiab cov qauv no tau kawm nyob rau hauv lawv "daim ntawv ntshiab", xws li, tsis hais lawv siv tau.
Natural science yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv paus. Nws yog tsom rau kev paub txog qhov xwm txheej, xws li nws nyob hauv nws tus kheej, tsis hais qhov kev thov twg nws qhov kev tshawb pom yuav tau txais: kev tshawb nrhiav chaw lossis kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig. Thiab natural science tsis ua raws li lwm lub hom phiaj. Qhov no yog science rau science sake; kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov kev paub tseem ceeb.
Fundamental thiab kev kawm science
Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb feem ntau hu ua kev kawm vim nws loj hlob hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab kev kawm txuj ci. Kev kawm txuj ci, raws li txoj cai, yog kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, kev tshawb fawb tsis yog rau kev siv tswv yim, tab sis rau kev tshawb fawb ntshiab. Hauv lub neej, qhov no feem ntau muaj tseeb, tab sis "feem ntau" tsis txhais hais tias "ib txwm". Kev tshawb fawb hauv paus thiab kev kawm yog ob yam sib txawv. Saib →