Lub ncauj tsev menyuam, lossis lub ncauj tsev menyuam (los ntawm Latin, caj dab, lub ncauj tsev menyuam), yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Nws sib haum mus rau sab qis ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab txuas rau sab sauv ntawm lub tsev menyuam mus rau qhov chaw mos.

Qhov chaw. Lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog qhov qis, nqaim ntawm lub tsev menyuam, nyob ntawm lub plab mog, pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov quav, thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub zais zis. Nws txuas rau sab sauv ntawm lub tsev menyuam, lub cev, mus rau qhov chaw mos.

Cov Qauv. Nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm 3 mus rau 4 cm, lub ncauj tsev menyuam muaj ob ntu (1):

• Lub ecocervix, uas yog sab nraud ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab nyob rau sab sauv ntawm qhov chaw mos.
• Lub endocervix, uas sib haum mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab tsim cov kwj dej endocervical. Cov kwj dej no txuas ntxiv mus rau isthmus, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub cev ntawm lub tsev menyuam.

Ib cheeb tsam muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob qhov chaw, hu ua junction zone los yog squamocolumnar junction.

Kev tsim cov mucus. Nyob rau hauv endocervix, columnar hlwb, uas kuj yog glandular, tsim thiab tso zis. Thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub nrog rau thaum cev xeeb tub, cov hnoos qeev no tseem tuab los tsim kev tiv thaiv cov phev thiab qee cov kab mob. Hloov pauv, thaum lub sij hawm ovulation, cov hnoos qeev yog thinner kom cov phev mus.

Kev coj khaub ncaws. Nws tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm poj niam qhov chaw mos apparatus thiaj li yuav tau txais lub qe fertilized. Thaum tsis muaj fertilization, lub endometrium, hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub tsev menyuam lub cev, raug rhuav tshem thiab khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm qhov chaw mos. Qhov tshwm sim no sib raug rau lub caij nyoog poj niam.

Tus me nyuam. Lub ncauj tsev menyuam dilates thaum yug me nyuam kom tus menyuam tuaj yeem dhau mus.

Cervical dysplasia. Dysplasia yog cov kab mob precancerous. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw sib tshuam. Tom qab ntawd, lawv nthuav dav ntawm ob sab ntawm theem ntawm ectocervix thiab endocervix.

Tib neeg papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) yog ib hom kab mob sib deev uas muaj nyob hauv ntau hom. Qee qhov tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam. Lwm tus pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob precancerous, hu ua qhov muaj peev xwm oncogenic lossis "muaj kev pheej hmoo siab" human papillomavirus (3).

Mob ncauj tsev menyuam. Cervical cancer tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov kab mob precancerous loj hlob mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Kev kho mob phais. Nyob ntawm cov kab mob pathology thiab nws txoj kev vam meej, kev phais yuav ua tau xws li tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub tsev menyuam (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tsom kev kho mob. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj chemotherapy, radiotherapy lossis txawm tias kev kho mob.

Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev. Qhov pib ntawm qhov mob pib nrog kev kuaj mob los tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov mob thiab cov tsos mob nrog.

Colposcopy. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam.4

Biopsy. Nws muaj cov qauv ntaub so ntswg thiab ua raws li colposcopy.

Pap smear. Nws muaj kev noj cov hlwb los ntawm qib siab ntawm qhov chaw mos, ectocervix thiab endocervix.

Kev kuaj mob HPV. Qhov kev sim no yog ua los tshuaj xyuas tib neeg papillomavirus.

Txij li xyoo 2006, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim tib neeg papillomavirus. Qhov kev kawm kho mob no tau ua tiav ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob virologist Harald zur Hausen, tus yeej Nobel nqi zog rau tshuaj hauv 2008 (5). Tom qab ntau tshaj 10 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau ua tiav qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.