Lub hnub nyoog twg yog lub sijhawm los qhia koj tus menyuam rau tus kws kho hniav? Vim li cas cov me nyuam muaj peb xyoos ua rau cov hniav lwj? Vim li cas thiaj kho cov hniav, vim tias lawv yuav poob lawm? Wday.ru nug cov lus nug nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm cov niam txiv mus rau tus kws kho hniav zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.
Kub medalist ntawm qhov kev sib tw "Pediatric Dentistry" ntawm Lavxias teb sab Dental Excellence Championship 2017, tus thawj coj ntawm lub pediatric kho hniav department ntawm AGF Kinder
1. Thaum twg tus menyuam yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav thawj zaug?
Kev mus ntsib tus menyuam thawj zaug yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 hli txog 1 xyoos, thaum thawj cov hniav pib tawm. Tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas lub frenum ntawm tus nplaig thiab daim di ncauj, xyuas thawj cov hniav. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws tuaj yeem pom thiab tiv thaiv lossis kho cov kab mob tom qab, kev hais lus tsis zoo, thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj hauv lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus ntsib kws kho hniav menyuam yaus txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib zaug hauv peb lub hlis twg.
2. Yuav ua li cas qhia tus menyuam txhuam hniav? Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - txhuam los yog muab tshuaj txhuam?
Nrog cov tsos ntawm thawj tus hniav, koj tuaj yeem qhia koj tus menyuam kom huv. Nws yog tsim nyog pib nrog ib tug mos silicone ntiv tes txhuam thiab boiled dej. Maj mam hloov mus rau tus menyuam txhuam hniav nrog dej. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov qhia txog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, koj tuaj yeem txhuam koj cov hniav nrog dej mus txog ib xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, hloov mus rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav. Xaiv qhov muab tshuaj txhuam thiab txhuam tsis yog lawm. Rau qee lub hnub nyoog, txhuam yog qhov tseem ceeb dua, rau qee kis - muab tshuaj txhuam. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus me nyuam muaj qhov ua rau cov hniav lwj, tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj fluoride los yog firming therapy. Thiab European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj fluoride pastes los ntawm thawj tus hniav.
3. Vim li cas cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tseem siv tau? Lawv tig dub, qhov no tsis zoo, tus menyuam txhawj xeeb.
Silvering cov hniav tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev kho cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tab sis tsuas yog khaws cia cov kab mob (tso tseg caries), vim nyiaj muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob zoo. Silvering ntawm cov hniav yog zoo thaum cov txheej txheem yog ntiav, nyob rau hauv lub enamel. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem yog qhov dav thiab muaj cov qauv hniav xws li dentin, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev silvering yuav tsawg heev. Txoj kev ntawm silvering yog xaiv thaum, rau qee qhov laj thawj, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho mob tag nrho.
4. Tus ntxhais muaj 3 xyoos. Tus kws kho mob pom zoo kho 3 cov hniav ntawm ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib qho tshuaj tsaug zog. Tab sis tom qab tag nrho, kev siv tshuaj loog yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau lub neej luv, muaj ntau qhov tshwm sim! Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau menyuam yaus.
Tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom kho cov hniav nyob rau hauv sedation (npub tsis nco qab) los yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog ( tshuaj loog, tshuaj tsaug zog) rau cov niam txiv ntawm cov neeg mob hluas, vim hais tias, hmoov tsis, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoo, ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov me nyuam twb raug kev txom nyem. los ntawm caries. Thiab qhov concentration ntawm kev mloog nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos yog me me, lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum yog hais txog 30 feeb. Lawv nkees, tsis zoo thiab quaj. Lub sijhawm no tsis txaus rau kev ua haujlwm siab nrog kev ua haujlwm loj. Ua ntej ntawm cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li rau cov tshuaj loog tau siv tiag tiag. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev xav tsis zoo: ntuav, ua pa luv, mob taub hau, tsis muaj zog ntev. Tab sis tam sim no kev kho mob tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuaj loog siv tshuaj sevoran (sevoflurane) nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm pab pawg kws tshuaj loog thiab kws kho menyuam yaus. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws inhalation tshuaj loog. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub koom haum Asmeskas thiab tau siv ntau tshaj 10 xyoo hauv Asmeskas, Nyiv thiab Western Europe. Sevoran ua sai sai (tus neeg mob tsaug zog tom qab ua pa thawj zaug), tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Tus neeg mob tau yooj yim tsa 15 feeb tom qab kaw cov khoom siv sevoran, cov tshuaj sai sai thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tawm ntawm lub cev, tsis ua mob rau lub cev thiab lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj contraindications rau kev siv ntawm sevoran nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm xws li mob hnyav xws li qaug dab peg, cerebral palsy, plawv tsis xws luag, siab thiab raum puas.
Ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos twb raug mob hniav. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoos, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav deciduous tau kuaj pom hauv 84% ntawm cov neeg mob hluas
5. Tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom tus menyuam preschool yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj fluoridation, fissure sealing, remineralization. Nws yog dab tsi? Puas yog kev tiv thaiv lossis kho? Vim li cas fissure sealing tuaj yeem ua tau tam sim tom qab tawg, thiab tsis ntev tom qab ntawd?
Tom qab eruption, cov hniav mus tas li tseem tsis tau tsim tag nrho, lawv cov enamel tsis mineralized, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob. Fissures yog qhov ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv cov hniav. Sealing pab kaw cov pits kom cov khoom noj mos cov quav hniav tsis sib sau ua ke hauv lawv, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tshem tawm thaum tu txhua hnub. Caries ntawm cov hniav mus tas li nyob rau hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, yog li ntawd, nws yog zoo dua mus kaw nws tam sim ntawd tom qab tawg. Remineralization therapy yog txheej txheej nrog tshuaj fluoride lossis calcium. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov hniav thiab tiv thaiv kab mob caries.
6. Tus ntxhais ntshai tus kws kho hniav (ib zaug ua rau mob plab). Yuav nrhiav tus kws kho mob li cas los pab koj kov yeej koj qhov kev ntshai?
Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev rau tus menyuam kom yoog raws li tus kws kho hniav teem sijhawm. Ua kom maj mam, qhia koj tus menyuam tias vim li cas koj thiaj xav mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav mus li cas. Hauv tsev kho mob, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tus menyuam raug yuam ua dab tsi. Thaum thawj zaug mus ntsib, tus neeg mob me me yuav tsis zaum hauv lub rooj zaum, tab sis nws yuav tau ntsib tus kws kho mob, tham nrog nws. Tom qab ob peb qhov kev mus ncig, koj tuaj yeem maj mam nce kev tswj hwm ntawm lub rooj zaum. Yog tias qhov kev ntshai tsis kov yeej tag nrho, rau kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab ntawm tus me nyuam thiab cov niam txiv, nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim siab xaiv kev kho mob hauv sedation lossis kev siv tshuaj loog.
7. Vim li cas thiaj kho caries ntawm tus menyuam hniav? Nws tawm los kim, tab sis lawv tseem poob tawm.
Tsis kho tus menyuam cov hniav tsuas yog vim lawv yuav ntog yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau noj cov hniav kom zoo kom zom zaub mov kom huv si thiab kawm hais lus kom raug. Yog lawm, cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej poob tawm sai, tab sis cov zom cov hniav ib leeg zuj zus mus txog 10-12 xyoo. Thiab cov hniav no yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg mus tas li. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoos, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav deciduous tau kuaj pom hauv 84% ntawm cov neeg mob hluas. Tsuas yog nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no, thawj zaug zom cov hniav, "rau", pib tawg. Thiab cov txheeb cais tau lees paub tias caries ntawm cov hniav mus tas li hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob tshwm sim thawj xyoo. Cov hniav lwj yog ib qho kab mob uas ua rau ntau thiab ua rau cov hniav tawv nqaij ntau dua. Nws ncav cuag cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hniav, pulpitis tshwm sim, cov hniav pib mob. Thaum tus kab mob nkag mus tob dua, lub rudiment ntawm cov hniav mus tas li kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem tawm nrog cov qauv enamel uas twb hloov lawm lossis ua rau tuag ntawm cov rudiment.
8. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxhais (8 xyoo) cov molars tawm crooked. Peb tus kws kho mob hais tias thaum tsuas yog daim hlau tuaj yeem muab tso rau, nws tseem ntxov dhau rau kev txhim kho braces. Thiab nws tus phooj ywg uas muaj 12 xyoos twb tau braces. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm daim hlau thiab braces? Yuav ua li cas to taub - tus me nyuam cov hniav mus tas li tseem ncaj los yog lub sij hawm khiav los kho qhov tom?
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov hniav mus tas li (5,5 - 7 xyoo), txhua yam nyob ntawm seb puas muaj qhov chaw txaus hauv lub puab tsaig rau cov hniav tshiab. Yog tias nws txaus, ces txawm tias cov hniav tsis ruaj khov uas tawm tuaj yuav sawv ntsug sib npaug tom qab. Yog tias tsis muaj chaw txaus, koj tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis kho qhov occlusion nrog ib qho kev tsim kho orthodontic. Lub phaj yog ib qho cuab yeej tshem tau uas yog tsim los ntawm tus kheej. Daim phiaj siv thaum qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hniav tsis tau tshwm sim, thiab tseem muaj qhov chaw loj hlob hauv lub puab tsaig. Nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm daim hlau, kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig yog stimulated, thiab muaj qhov chaw rau cov hniav mus tas li. Thiab braces yog siv nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov mis nyuj rau cov hniav mus tas li. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv tsis tau tshem tawm uas tshwj xeeb kho cov cuab yeej (cov hlua khi) yog cov nplaum rau cov hniav thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho arc, txuas rau hauv ib lub saw zoo li hlaws dai. Thaum cov hniav pib hloov, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho hniav thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej. Qhov sai dua koj pib kho qhov occlusion, qhov txheej txheem no yuav yooj yim dua thiab qhov tshwm sim sai dua yuav ua tiav.