Ciguatera yog ib hom kab mob noj zaub mov uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj ntses uas muaj cov tshuaj lom hu ua "ciguatoxin". Qhov no neurotoxin ua rau cov calcium channels ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nws hloov qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurons thiab ua rau digestive thiab mob plawv. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv cov xuab moos tom qab nws noj los ntawm qhov mob plab, nrog rau xeev siab, ntuav lossis raws plab. Lwm cov tsos mob, xws li kiv taub hau, tuag tes tuag taw lossis hypersalivation tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tus kab mob Ciguatera muaj kev pom zoo rau kev kho mob. Kev kho mob yog cov tsos mob.

Lub sij hawm Ciguatera los ntawm Cuban lub npe "cigua" ntawm ib tug me me mollusk Cittarium pica, kuj hu ua Antilles troch. Ciguatera tus kab mob, lossis "khaus khaus" vim khaus nws ua rau, tau paub txij li xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov ntses loj loj thiab cov ntses subtropical, xws li barracuda, kis nrog cov tshuaj lom hu ua "ciguatoxin", secreted los ntawm microscopic algae loj hlob hauv cov pa phem coral reefs.

Cov kab mob Ciguatera muaj nyob rau txhua lub caij nyoog nyob rau hauv lub tropics thiab intertropics (Oceania, Polynesia, Indian dej hiav txwv, Caribbean). Cov dej yuav tsum sov thiab tiv thaiv coral reefs. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob yog siab dua tom qab cua daj cua dub.

Ciguatoxin, lub luag haujlwm rau tus kab mob no, yog tsim los ntawm microscopic algae, hu ua Gambierdiscus toxicus, uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm cov corals tuag. Qhov no yog noj los ntawm cov ntses hauv cov coral reefs uas muaj kuab paug, thiab, raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus nce ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem mloog zoo rau cov ntses carnivorous, uas lawv tus kheej noj loj dua lawv. Cov tom kawg, zoo li moray eel lossis barracuda, yog tom qab ntawd ntses los ntawm tib neeg uas haus lawv. Cov qib Ciguatoxin yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib puas nanograms lossis micrograms, txaus los ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm tib neeg.

Yog li muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov ntses no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov tshuaj lom ua rau ua noj. Qhov no yog vim li cas qee yam tsiaj raug txwv tsis pub nuv ntses raws li lawv qhov hnyav thiab lossis raws li lawv thaj chaw nuv ntses. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob Ciguatera, nws raug pom zoo, thaum nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov tshuaj lom, ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no.

Tsis txhob noj ntses "loj dua koj lub phaj".

Xws li:

• pawg;
• barracuda; 
• ntses parrot;
• shark;
• phais ntses;
• lutjan;
• lever; 
• roob ris;
• huab cua;
• loj;
• bécune ua
• napoleon ntses, thiab lwm yam.

Lwm yam lus pom zoo

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau:

• tsis txhob noj daim siab lossis viscera ntawm cov ntses los ntawm cov cheeb tsam no;
• tsis txhob noj cov ntses uas haiv neeg tsis noj;
• ib txwm qhia koj qhov ntes rau tus neeg nuv ntses hauv zos ua ntej noj nws.

Ciguatoxin yog ib qho neurotoxin uas ua rau cov calcium channels ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nws hloov qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurons thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm 1 mus rau 4 teev tom qab noj, tsis tshua muaj tshaj 24 teev:

Digestive cov tsos mob

Cov tsos mob feem ntau pib nrog cov tsos mob digestive:

• xeev siab;
• ntuav;
• zawv plab;
• mob plab;
• hypersalivation los yog qhov ncauj qhuav.

Cov kab mob plawv

Cov cim qhia ntawm lub plawv qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm kev lom:

• brachycardia (slow mem tes);
• arterial hypotension.

Lwm yam cim

Neurological cov cim:

• paresthesia (tingling) tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv extremities thiab lub ntsej muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog daim di ncauj;
• kev xav ntawm loog;
• kub hnyiab los yog hluav taws xob shocks ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom txias;
• kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib npaug;
• tsis meej pem;
• hallucinations;
• mob taub hau;
• kiv taub hau;
• tuag tes tuag taw, thiab lwm yam.

Cov cim ntawm daim tawv nqaij:

• khaus (pruritus) tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm ob txhais tes thiab ob txhais taw;
• liab.

Lwm cov tsos mob:

• nqaij thiab mob sib koom tes;
• tawm hws;
• nkees.

Tus kab mob Ciguatera tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev thiab ua rau tuag taus yog tias muaj cov leeg tuag tes tuag taw lossis lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "hypersensitivity" rau ntses thiab zaub mov ntawm marine keeb kwm yog ua tau.

Tsis muaj kev kho rau tus kab mob Ciguatera, uas ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej hauv hnub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tswj hwm tshuaj tsom mus txo cov tsos mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj teeb meem plawv, los ntawm qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Cov kev kho mob yog raws li nram no.

Tawm tsam khaus:

• antihistamines (Teldane, Polaramine);
• tshuaj loog hauv zos (lidocaine gel).

Rau kev kho cov kab mob gastrointestinal:

• antispasmodics;
• antiemetics;
• tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev mob plawv, nws raug nquahu kom mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tus neeg mob uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qab no:

• corticosteroids los tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm kev poob siab;
• atropine sulphate nyob rau hauv tsis zoo rau bradycardias;
• mob analeptics nyob rau hauv hypotension.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm neurological mob: 

• kev kho cov vitamin B (B1, B6 thiab B12);
• amitriptyline (Laroxyl, Elavil);
• Tiapridal ua ke nrog dexamethasone;
• salicylic acid txuam nrog colchicine.

Raws li kev nyuaj siab ua pa yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag los ntawm tus kab mob Ciguatera, kev pab ua pa yog ib feem ntawm kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev ntawm qee yam mob hnyav nrog ua pa tuag tes tuag taw.

Thaum kawg, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cov ntses nyob rau hauv cov hnub tom qab qhov pib ntawm qhov teeb meem thiaj li tsis ua kom lawv cov qib ciguatoxin ntxiv. Dej cawv kuj tsis pom zoo, vim lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hnyav dua.