Feem ntau, nitrates tsis cuam tshuam nrog noj hmo, tab sis evoke kev xav txog tsev kawm ntawv chemistry cov lus qhia lossis chiv. Yog tias koj xav txog nitrates nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov, feem ntau yuav tsis zoo duab uas los rau hauv lub siab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ua tiav thiab cov zaub tshiab, nitrates yog carcinogenic compounds. Tab sis dab tsi yog lawv tiag tiag thiab yog lawv ib txwm muaj teeb meem?
Qhov tseeb, kev sib txuas ntawm nitrites / nitrates thiab kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov hloov maj mam dua li "lawv tsis zoo rau peb". Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus siab nitrate ntawm cov kua txiv beetroot tau txuas rau kev txo cov ntshav siab thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog. Nitrates kuj yog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv qee cov tshuaj angina.
Puas yog nitrates thiab nitrites tsis zoo rau peb?
Nitrates thiab nitrites, xws li poov tshuaj nitrate thiab sodium nitrite, yog ib txwm tshwm sim tshuaj lom neeg muaj nitrogen thiab oxygen. Nyob rau hauv nitrates, nitrogen yog sib txuas rau peb oxygen atoms, thiab nyob rau hauv nitrites, mus rau ob. Ob leeg yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug cai uas txwv tsis pub cov kab mob phem hauv nqaij npuas kib, nqaij npua, salami, thiab qee cov cheese.
Tab sis qhov tseeb, tsuas yog li 5% ntawm nitrates nyob rau hauv nruab nrab European noj zaub mov los ntawm nqaij, ntau tshaj 80% ntawm zaub. Cov zaub tau txais nitrates thiab nitrites los ntawm cov av uas lawv loj hlob. Nitrates yog ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, thaum nitrites yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv av uas ua rau tsiaj txhu.
Cov nplooj ntsuab xws li spinach thiab arugula zoo li yog cov qoob loo nitrate sab saum toj. Lwm qhov chaw nplua nuj yog celery thiab kua txiv beetroot, nrog rau carrots. Cov zaub cog qoob loo tuaj yeem muaj cov nitrate qis dua vim tias lawv tsis siv tshuaj nitrate chiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov twg nitrates thiab nitrites pom: nqaij lossis zaub. Qhov no cuam tshuam seb lawv puas yog carcinogenic.
Koom nrog kev mob qog noj ntshav
Nitrates lawv tus kheej yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis zoo li cuam tshuam nrog tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub cev. Tab sis nitrites thiab tshuaj uas lawv tsim muaj ntau reactive.
Feem ntau ntawm cov nitrites peb ntsib tsis tau noj ncaj qha, tab sis yog hloov los ntawm nitrates los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Interestingly, cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob qhov ncauj qhov ncauj yuav txo tau qhov ncauj nitrite.
Thaum cov nitrites tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub qhov ncauj tau nqos, lawv tsim nitrosamines nyob rau hauv acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab, ib co ntawm cov carcinogenic thiab tau txuas mus rau lub plab hnyuv. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw ntawm amines, tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau. Nitrosamines tuaj yeem tsim ncaj qha rau hauv cov zaub mov los ntawm kev ua noj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xws li kib nqaij npuas kib.
"Nitrates / nitrites uas yog carcinogenic tsis muaj ntau, tab sis yuav ua li cas lawv npaj thiab lawv ib puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nitrites hauv cov nqaij ua tiav yog nyob ze rau cov proteins. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov amino acids. Thaum siav ntawm qhov kub siab, qhov no tso cai rau lawv yooj yim dua tsim cov kab mob qog noj ntshav uas ua rau nitrosamines, "hais tias Keith Allen, tus thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem rau World Cancer Research Foundation.
Tab sis Allen hais ntxiv tias nitrites tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov nqaij ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lawv cov txheeb ze tseem ceeb tsis paub tseeb. Lwm yam uas yuav pab tau muaj xws li hlau, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov nqaij haus luam yeeb, thiab heterocyclic amines uas yog tsim thaum cov nqaij yog siav nyob rau hauv qhib nplaim taws, uas kuj ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav.
Cov tshuaj zoo
Nitrites tsis yog qhov phem. Muaj cov pov thawj loj hlob ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig rau cov hlab plawv thiab dhau mus, ua tsaug rau nitric oxide.
Xyoo 1998, peb tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau lawv qhov kev tshawb pom txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm nitric oxide hauv cov hlab plawv. Tam sim no peb paub tias nws nthuav cov hlab ntsha, txo cov ntshav siab, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub peev xwm los tsim nitric oxide tau txuas rau kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiab erectile kawg.
Ib txoj hauv kev uas lub cev tsim nitric oxide yog los ntawm cov amino acid hu ua arginine. Tab sis tam sim no paub tias nitrates tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tsim cov nitric oxide. Peb kuj paub tias qhov no yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus, vim tias ntuj tsim nitric oxide ntawm arginine yuav poob qis nrog kev laus.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov nitrates pom hauv cov nqaij npua yog cov tshuaj zoo ib yam rau cov uas koj tuaj yeem noj nrog zaub xam lav, cov nroj tsuag zoo tshaj plaws.
"Peb tau pom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv nrog nitrate thiab nitrite los ntawm cov nqaij rau qee cov qog nqaij hlav, tab sis peb tsis tau soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog nitrate lossis nitrite los ntawm zaub. Yam tsawg kawg hauv kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb loj uas tau kwv yees los ntawm cov lus nug ntawm tus kheej, "hais Amanda Cross, tus kws qhia ntawv hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm Imperial College London.
Hla ntxiv tias nws yog "kev xav tsim nyog" tias cov nitrates hauv nplooj ntsuab tsis muaj teeb meem tsawg. Qhov no yog vim lawv muaj cov protein ntau thiab tseem muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv: vitamin C, polyphenols thiab fibers uas txo qis kev tsim nitrosamine. Yog li thaum feem ntau ntawm nitrates nyob rau hauv peb cov zaub mov los ntawm zaub thiab nyob rau hauv lem txhawb kev tsim nitric oxide, lawv tej zaum yuav zoo rau peb.
Ib tus kws tshaj lij nitric oxide tau mus ntxiv, sib cav tias peb feem ntau tsis muaj nitrates / nitrites thiab lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais ua cov as-ham tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev mob plawv thiab mob stroke.
Tus nqi tsim nyog
Nws yog qhov ua tau tsis yooj yim sua kom ntseeg tau tias kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg ntawm nitrates vim tias kev noj zaub mov ntawm nitrates yog qhov sib txawv heev. “Cov qib tuaj yeem hloov pauv 10 zaug. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nitrate yuav tsum tau muab txhais ua tib zoo, raws li "nitrate" tsuas yog ib qho cim ntawm kev noj zaub mov," hais tias tus kws kho mob kis kab mob Günther Kulne los ntawm University of Reading hauv UK.
Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2017 los ntawm European Food Safety Authority tau pom zoo rau cov nyiaj tau los txhua hnub uas tuaj yeem noj tau hauv lub neej yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Nws yog sib npaug rau 235 mg ntawm nitrate rau ib tug neeg 63,5 kg. Tab sis daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj tseem sau tseg tias cov neeg ntawm txhua pawg hnub nyoog tuaj yeem tshaj tus lej no yooj yim heev.
Kev noj cov nitrite feem ntau qis dua (qhov nruab nrab UK noj yog 1,5mg ib hnub) thiab European Food Safety Authority qhia tias raug nitrite preservatives nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb txwv rau tag nrho cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, tsuas yog rau ib tug me ntsis ntau. nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau yam ntxiv.
Qee cov kws tshaj lij tau hais tias qhov nyiaj pub dawb txhua hnub rau nitrates / nitrites dhau los lawm, thiab cov qib siab dua tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev nyab xeeb xwb, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias lawv los ntawm zaub ntau dua li cov nqaij ua tiav.
Nws tau pom tias kev noj 300-400 mg ntawm nitrates yog txuam nrog kev txo cov ntshav siab. Cov koob tshuaj no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ib qho zaub xam lav loj nrog arugula thiab spinach, lossis los ntawm kua txiv beetroot.
Thaum kawg, txawm tias koj noj tshuaj lom lossis tshuaj yog nyob ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas. 2-9 grams (2000-9000 mg) ntawm nitrate tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav, cuam tshuam hemoglobin. Tab sis tus nqi ntawd yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm ib qho zaum thiab tsis zoo li tuaj ntawm cov zaub mov nws tus kheej, tsis yog los ntawm cov dej tsis huv.
Yog li, yog tias koj tau txais lawv los ntawm zaub thiab tshuaj ntsuab, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrates thiab nitrates yuav luag zoo dua qhov tsis zoo.