Kev suav tomography, feem ntau hu ua "scanner", tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1972. Qhov kev kuaj hluav taws xob no siv X-rays. Ua los ntawm kws kho hluav taws xob, nws khaws cov duab peb sab kom ntxaws. Kev suav tomography tso cai rau kev kawm ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev thiab kuaj pom qee qhov txawv txav ntau dua li lwm yam kev kuaj mob.

Computed tomography (CT) yog kev kuaj x-ray. Cov txheej txheem kev kuaj mob no, ua los ntawm kws kho mob radiologist, tseem hu ua scanner (lossis CT-Scan: hauv lus Askiv, suav tomography). Nws ua ke nrog kev siv X-rays nrog lub tshuab computer. Qhov no tso cai rau nyias ntu dluab ntawm lub cev. 

Lub nplhaib muaj lub raj x-ray thiab ib txheej ntawm cov khoom kuaj pom:

• lub x-ray beam tig ib ncig ntawm tus neeg mob;
• X-ray detectors sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab teeb uas tau dhau los ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev;
• txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub computer, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tso cai rau kev tsim cov duab. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua lej duab rov tsim kho algorithm uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais qhov pom ntawm lub cev.

Lub cev tuaj yeem kawm ntawm tus kheej. Kev suav tomography yog li ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim kho 2D lossis 3D cov duab ntawm ntau cov qauv anatomical. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov kev kuaj pom qhov loj me, tshwj xeeb, tau zoo heev nrog lub scanner.

Kev siv qhov sib piv nruab nrab

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov pom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, ib qho khoom siv iodine-raws li kev sib piv yog nquag siv. Nws yog qhia qhov ncauj, los yog intravenously. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum hloov mus rau tus neeg mob, lub cev ntawm kev txaus siab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob. Cov koob tshuaj txhaj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob. 

Qhov sib piv nruab nrab no yog ib yam khoom uas ua rau qee qhov ntawm lub cev. Lub hom phiaj yog ua kom lawv pom ntawm cov duab thaij thaum lub sijhawm kuaj. Cov iodinated sib piv xov xwm, uas piv txwv li ua rau cov zis thiab cov hlab ntsha pos huab, yog absorbed nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib yam khoom hu ua iomeprol. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis haum, uas muaj nyob tsis hais txog txoj kev tswj hwm thiab koob tshuaj.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm tsib lab scanners yog tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis ib xyoo, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no (2015 daim duab), 70 lab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Qhov kev kuaj no tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Kev kuaj pom kev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob, ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob pathology, lossis tseem txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam nrog lub scanner yog tias nws muab cov ntaub ntawv meej heev ntawm cov chaw kawm. Kev suav tomography yog li qhia hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov txhab tsis pom ntawm ultrasound lossis ntawm cov pa x-rays:

• Lub hlwb. Rau kev tshawb nrhiav cerebral, cov lus qhia rau kev suav tomography niaj hnub no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg mob uas tau raug mob taub hau, los yog xav tias muaj cov ntshav intracranial hemorrhage. Rau kev tshawb nrhiav rau cov kab mob hlwb uas tsis yog mob hlwb, nws yog qhov MRI uas yuav ua tiav (kev kuaj xyuas uas siv cov hlau nplaum thiab xov tooj cua tsis muaj zog);

• Thorax. Lub scanner niaj hnub no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws radiological kuaj rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub thorax;

• Mob plab. Kev suav tomography kuj yog ib qho kev kuaj x-ray zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb xyuas lub plab. Tshwj xeeb, nws ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov "tag nrho" cov kab mob hauv plab;

• Kab mob pob txha. Lub scanner tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha xws li pob txha;

• Kev Vwm Vwm leeg ntshav. Kev suav tomography yog ib qho kev kuaj mob niaj hnub nrhiav pulmonary embolism lossis aortic dissection.

Kev suav tomography tshwj xeeb yog qhov zoo rau kev tshawb nrhiav lub plab thiab lub plab vim nws muab cov duab daws teeb meem siab heev. Nws kuj yog qhov zoo heev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov pob txha, lossis calcium lossis ntshav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. CT scan, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog siv me me rau kev kawm ntawm qhov muag muag, tshwj tsis yog kev tshawb nrhiav calcifications hauv qog.

• los ntshav;
• qog;
• kab mob;
• kis tau tus mob. 

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub scanner tuaj yeem pab saib xyuas qee yam kev kho mob, tshwj xeeb hauv oncology.

Ua ntej kev xeem

Ua ntej kev ntsuam xyuas, tus neeg mob tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom hlau. CT scan yuav xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov khoom sib txawv: nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kws kho hluav taws xob teeb tsa cov kab venous (koob txuas nrog lub catheter) ntawm lub luj tshib.

Thaum kuaj

Tus neeg mob pw ntawm lub rooj uas txav los ntawm lub nplhaib. Lub nplhaib no muaj lub raj x-ray thiab ib txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej ntes. Thaum kuaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm, pw ntawm lub rooj. Tus neeg mob nyob ib leeg hauv chav, txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub microphone, nws tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog pab pawg kws kho mob tom qab kuaj xyuas tom qab iav txhuas. Qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm xeem yog nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib teev.

Txoj hauj lwm tshaj plaws rau tus neeg mob yog pw ntawm nraub qaum nrog caj npab saum taub hau. Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis mob. Qee zaum koj yuav tsum nres koj qhov ua tsis taus pa li ob peb feeb. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom txoj hauv kev venous ib ntus, yog tias muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Tom qab soj ntsuam

Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem rov qab los tsev yam tsis muaj kev sib tham, nws yuav raug qhia kom haus dej ntau kom sai sai tshem tawm cov khoom sib txawv. Nws yog feem ntau pom zoo kom haus ob litres dej thaum lub sij hawm so ntawm lub hnub.

Kom paub:

• Tom qab kuaj xyuas, tus kws kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov duab sai sai thiab piav qhia qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug rau tus neeg mob;

• Kev txhais cov duab tuaj yeem qee zaum xav tau ntau lub sijhawm, qhov kawg rendering ntawm cov txiaj ntsig yog li ntawd feem ntau ua tiav hauv 24 teev ua haujlwm. Tej zaum nws yuav xav tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev ua haujlwm thib ob IT;

• nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, cov txiaj ntsig yuav siv sijhawm li peb hnub ua haujlwm tom qab kuaj xyuas.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav raug xa mus rau tus kws kho mob sau ntawv, nrog rau cov duab luam tawm thiab feem ntau yog ib daim duab CD-ROM. 

Yog tias muaj qhov txawv txav, cov no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov duab ua pob, nodules, lossis opacities. Kev suav tomography pom qhov txawv txav me me, uas yuav tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3 millimeters. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txawv txav no tsis tas yuav yog ib qho kev mob qog noj ntshav, piv txwv li. Kev txhais lus yuav raug piav qhia rau tus neeg mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob, uas yuav tham txog kev kuaj mob.