Qhov ntau cov lus uas tus menyuam hnov hauv thawj peb xyoos ntawm lub neej, nws yuav loj hlob zoo dua yav tom ntej. Yog li, nws puas yuav tsum ua si ntau podcasts txog kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb? Nws tsis yog qhov yooj yim. Tus kws kho menyuam yaus qhia yuav ua li cas los tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev sib txuas lus.
Qhov kev tshawb pom tiag tiag ntawm kev tig ntawm lub xyoo pua yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm University of Kansas (USA) Betty Hart thiab Todd Risley uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej tus neeg ua tiav tsis yog los ntawm lub peev xwm los ntawm lub cev, tsis yog los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm tsev neeg, tsis yog haiv neeg. thiab tsis yog los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, tab sis los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus uas lawv tau hais nyob ib puag ncig hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej1.
Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los zaum tus menyuam nyob pem hauv ntej ntawm lub TV lossis qhib phau ntawv audio rau ob peb teev: kev sib txuas lus nrog tus neeg laus yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tau kawg, hais tias "nres" peb caug lab lub sij hawm yuav tsis pab tus me nyuam loj hlob mus rau hauv ib tug neeg laus ntse, tsim tau, thiab kev xav ruaj khov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev sib txuas lus no muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov lus hais yog qhov nyuaj thiab ntau yam.
Yog tsis muaj kev sib tham nrog lwm tus, kev muaj peev xwm kawm tsis muaj zog. Dana Suskind sau hais tias "Tsis zoo li lub hub uas yuav khaws txhua yam uas koj nchuav rau hauv nws, lub hlwb tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim zoo li lub khob cij," Dana Suskind sau tseg. "Kev hais lus tsis tuaj yeem kawm tsis tau, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm cov lus teb (zoo dua) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lwm tus thiab kev sib raug zoo."
Dr. Suskind tau sau tseg qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev loj hlob thaum ntxov thiab tsim ib qho kev sib txuas lus niam txiv-me nyuam uas yuav pab txhawb kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus menyuam lub hlwb. Nws lub tswv yim muaj peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: qhib rau tus menyuam, sib txuas lus nrog nws ntau zaus, tsim kev sib tham.
Customization rau tus me nyuam
Peb tab tom tham txog lub siab xav ntawm niam txiv kom pom txhua yam uas tus menyuam nyiam thiab tham nrog nws txog lub ntsiab lus no. Hauv lwm lo lus, koj yuav tsum tau saib tib yam li tus menyuam.
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg laus lub siab zoo zaum saum pem teb nrog tus menyuam nyiam phau ntawv thiab caw nws los mloog. Tab sis tus me nyuam tsis hnov tsw, txuas ntxiv mus ua ib tug pej thuam ntawm cov blocks tawg nyob rau hauv pem teb. Cov niam txiv hu dua: “Los ntawm no, zaum. Saib dab tsi yog ib phau ntawv nthuav. Tam sim no kuv nyeem rau koj. »
Txhua yam zoo li zoo, txoj cai? Hlub phau ntawv laus. Tus me nyuam xav tau dab tsi ntxiv? Tej zaum tsuas yog ib qho xwb: kev saib xyuas ntawm niam txiv rau txoj haujlwm uas tus menyuam nws tus kheej nyiam tam sim no.
Kev qhib rau tus me nyuam txhais tau tias yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov nws ua thiab koom nrog nws cov dej num. Qhov no ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib cuag thiab pab txhim kho cov txuj ci koom nrog hauv kev ua si, thiab los ntawm kev sib tham ntawm kev hais lus, los txhim kho nws lub hlwb.
Tus menyuam tsuas tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov nws nyiam
Qhov tseeb yog tias tus menyuam tsuas tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov nws nyiam. Yog tias koj sim hloov nws txoj kev xav mus rau lwm txoj haujlwm, lub hlwb yuav tsum siv zog ntau ntxiv.
Tshwj xeeb, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias yog menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv ib qho kev ua uas nws nyiam me ntsis, nws tsis zoo li yuav nco ntsoov cov lus siv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.2.
Nyob rau theem ib yam li koj tus menyuam. Zaum hauv pem teb nrog nws thaum ua si, tuav nws saum koj txhais ceg thaum nyeem ntawv, zaum ntawm tib lub rooj thaum noj mov, lossis nqa koj tus menyuam kom nws saib lub ntiaj teb los ntawm qhov siab ntawm koj qhov siab.
Simplify koj cov lus. Ib yam li cov menyuam yaus nyiam cov suab nrov, yog li cov niam txiv ntxias lawv los ntawm kev hloov lub suab lossis ntim ntawm lawv lub suab. Lisping kuj pab cov me nyuam lub hlwb kawm lus.
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos uas tau teev npe nyob nruab nrab ntawm 11 thiab 14 lub hlis paub ob zaug ntau npaum li cov lus uas tau hais rau "hauv cov neeg laus."
Cov lus yooj yooj yim, pom tau sai sai ua rau tus menyuam nyiam qhov uas tau hais thiab leej twg hais lus, txhawb nws kom ua rau nws mob siab rau, koom tes thiab sib tham. Nws tau raug sim ua pov thawj tias cov menyuam yaus "kawm" cov lus uas lawv hnov ntau zaus thiab mloog ntev dua rau cov suab uas lawv tau hnov ua ntej.
Kev sib txuas lus nquag
Hais nrov nrov txhua yam koj ua. Xws li kev tawm tswv yim yog lwm txoj hauv kev "sib puag ncig" tus menyuam hais lus.. Nws tsis tsuas yog nce cov lus, tab sis kuj qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub suab (lo lus) thiab qhov kev txiav txim lossis yam uas nws hais txog.
“Cia li muab daim pawm tshiab…. Nws yog dawb rau sab nraud thiab xiav rau sab hauv. Thiab tsis ntub. Saib. Qhuav thiab mos heev. » “Tau ib co txhuam hniav! Koj txiv yog xim liab thiab txiv yog ntsuab. Tam sim no nyem tawm lub paste, nias me ntsis. Thiab peb yuav ntxuav, nce thiab nqis. Ticklish?
Siv cov lus hais dhau los. Sim tsis tsuas yog piav qhia koj cov dej num xwb, tab sis kuj hais txog qhov kev ua ntawm tus menyuam: “Au, koj pom koj niam cov yuam sij. Thov tsis txhob muab lawv tso rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem zom tau. Qhov no tsis yog zaub mov. Koj puas qhib koj lub tsheb nrog cov yuam sij? Cov yuam sij qhib qhov rooj. Cia peb qhib qhov rooj nrog lawv. »
Zam Cov Lus: Koj Tsis Pom Lawv
Zam cov lus. Cov lus tsis tuaj yeem pom, tshwj tsis yog xav txog, thiab yog tias koj paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Nws… nws? Tus me nyuam tsis paub tias koj hais dab tsi. Tsis yog "Kuv nyiam nws", tab sis "Kuv nyiam koj daim duab".
Ntxiv rau, nthuav dav nws cov lus. Thaum kawm ib hom lus, tus menyuam siv cov lus thiab cov kab lus tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog tus me nyuam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sau cov qhov khoob no los ntawm kev rov ua cov kab lus ua tiav lawm. Ntxiv rau: "Tus dev tu siab" yuav yog: "Koj tus dev tu siab."
Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais lus nce. Es tsis txhob: “Los ntawm, cia peb hais,” peb hais tias: “Koj ob lub qhov muag twb nyob ua ke. Nws lig heev thiab koj nkees. » Ntxiv, nthuav dav thiab tsim cov kab lus tso cai rau koj ua ob peb kauj ruam ua ntej ntawm koj tus menyuam txoj kev sib txuas lus, txhawb nws kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntau thiab ntau yam.
Dialogue Development
Kev sib tham nrog kev sib pauv lus. Qhov no yog txoj cai golden ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov me nyuam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj hauv kev los txhim kho lub hlwb hluas. Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov mus rau qhov ua rau tus menyuam nyiam, thiab tham nrog nws ntau li ntau tau.
Ua siab ntev tos kom teb. Hauv kev sib tham, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm lub luag haujlwm. Ua kom tiav lub ntsej muag thiab piav tes piav taw nrog cov lus - thawj qhov xav tau, tom qab ntawd ua raws li thiab, thaum kawg, qhov tseeb, tus menyuam tuaj yeem khaws lawv tau ntev heev.
Ntev npaum li cas niam los txiv xav teb rau nws. Tab sis tsis txhob maj mus ua txhaum txoj kev sib tham, muab sij hawm rau tus me nyuam kom nrhiav tau cov lus zoo.
Cov lus "dab tsi" thiab "dab tsi" tiv thaiv kev sib tham. "Lub pob yog xim dab tsi?" "Tus nyuj hais li cas?" Cov lus nug zoo li no tsis ua rau muaj cov lus sau tseg, vim lawv txhawb kom tus menyuam nco qab cov lus uas nws twb paub lawm.
Yog los yog tsis muaj lus nug poob rau hauv tib qeb: lawv tsis pab kom kev sib tham mus thiab lawv tsis qhia koj dab tsi tshiab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov lus nug xws li "yuav ua li cas" lossis "vim li cas" cia nws teb nrog ntau yam lus, koom nrog ntau yam kev xav thiab tswv yim.
Rau lo lus nug "vim li cas" nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nod koj lub taub hau los yog taw tes ib tug ntiv tes. "Yuav ua li cas?" thiab vim li cas?» pib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav, uas thaum kawg ua rau kev txawj daws teeb meem.
1 A. Weisleder, A. Fernald "Hais lus rau menyuam yaus tseem ceeb: kev paub lus thaum ntxov txhawb kev ua tiav thiab tsim cov lus". Psychological Science, 2013, № 24.
2 G. Hollich, K. Hirsh-Pasek, thiab RM Golinkoff «Tsua qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus: Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv tshiab rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm lo lus», Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 65.3, № 262 (2000).