La prostate yog lub cev ntawmtxiv neej deev qhov system. Nws nyob hauv qab lub zais zis thiab, zoo li lub nplhaib, nws nyob ib puag ncig lub qhov zis, cov channel los ntawm cov zis thiab cov phev tawm ntawm lub cev. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm prostate yog tsim cov kua dej prostatic, ib qho ntawm cov kua phev nrog rau cov kua phev thiab cov phev, khaws cov phev ua ntej ejaculation, thiab tom qab ntawv cog lus thaum lub sij hawm ejaculation, yog li koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm ejaculation. tshem tawm cov phev.

Le prostate cancer yog hom mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau hauv cov txiv neej: nws kwv yees tias 1 ntawm 7 tus txiv neej yuav kuaj mob nws, feem ntau hauv lawv XNUMXs. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb tau tshawb pom, muaj kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic predisposition.

Feem ntau cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav nce maj mam heev. Ntxiv mus, feem coob ntawm cov txiv neej uas kuaj pom tus mob qog noj ntshav no yuav tuag ntawm lwm qhov. Heev feem ntau cov qog tseem nyob hauv prostate thiab muaj kev txwv kev noj qab haus huv tsawg, qee zaum ua rau tso zis los yog tsis meej pem. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab kis tau sai dua.

Hauv Fab Kis, mob qog noj ntshav yog mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau yog txiv neej (71 tus neeg mob tshiab kwv yees hauv 200) thiab tus thib peb ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv txiv neej (2011 tuag ib xyoos). Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm kev kuaj mob yog 3 xyoos, thiab 8% ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog ntshav tau kuaj pom tom qab 700 xyoo. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm kev tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog 74, uas yuav luag yog qhov nruab nrab lub neej nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv neej hauv Fabkis. Prostate cancer yog mob qog noj ntshav nrog txoj kev kwv yees zoo: 44-xyoo txheeb ze muaj txoj sia nyob tau zoo zuj zus, los ntawm 75% rau cov neeg mob hauv 78 txog 5% hauv 70.

Mob qog noj ntshav prostate yog 2^e ua rau txiv neej mob qog noj ntshav tuag hauv North America, tom qab mob ntsws.

hom

LUBadenocarcinoma yog hom kab mob qog noj ntshav ntau tshaj plaws. Nws sawv cev kwv yees li 95% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Qhov mob hnyav ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qog (hauv zos, nrog cov metastases nyob ze lossis nyob deb) thiab hom kabmob hlwbMuaj tus qhab nia ntsuas qhov kev kwv yees ntawm mob qog noj ntshav prostate, uas yog hais txog qhov kev pheej hmoo nws nthuav tawm rau tus neeg cuam tshuam. Nov yog qhov qhab nia Gleason.

Cov qhab nia no muab ob tus lej los ntawm 3 txog 5 thaum tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg prostate hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob, cov lej sib xws rau qib 3, 4 lossis 5. Tus lej 3 sib raug rau cov ntaub so ntswg prostate ntau dua thiab tus lej 5 mus rau qhov txhoj puab tshaj plaws.

Nrog rau cov nuj nqis no, kom tau txais cov qhab nia uas tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm 2 txog 10, peb ntxiv 2 qib, ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov qog ntshav hauv cov qog ntshav ntau ntau thiab tau qhab nia siab tshaj plaws. Yog li, tus qhab nia ntawm 6 (1-1) sib raug rau kev mob qog noj ntshav tsawg dua, 7 me ntsis ntxiv, thiab tus lej siab dua, ntau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov qog nce. Tus lej no tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab xaiv qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus txiv neej.

Kev kuaj mob thiab tshuaj xyuas

·         Kev kuaj ntshav: ntsuas qib prostate antigen (APS ou PSA). Prostate cancer tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev pom cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav: prostate specific antigen lossis PSA. PSA yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm prostate. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig siab ntawm qhov kev xeem no tsis tas txhais tau tias muaj cancer. Qhov tseeb, tus nqi ntau dua 4 nanograms / ml ntawm cov protein no hauv cov ntshav tau cuam tshuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav prostate hauv kwv yees li 25% ntawm cov neeg mob, thiab nrog rau lwm yam mob qog nqaij hlav prostate hauv 75% ntawm cov neeg mob. Yog tias nws tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav, PSA nce siab tuaj yeem sib raug zoo rau cov mob qog noj ntshav, ua rau mob lossis mob prostate. prostate.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev ntsuas PSA tsis kuaj pom txhua kis mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev xeem PSA, 15% ntawm cov txiv neej uas kuaj tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no (los ntawm pab pawg ntawm 2 tus txiv neej hnub nyoog 950 txog 62 xyoos) muaj qog noj ntshav qog noj ntshav 91. Cia peb hais txog qhov ntawd PSA ntau npaum kuj tseem siv los tshuaj xyuas chav kawm mob qog noj ntshav prostate.

Kev kuaj biopsy tsis yog tsis muajphiv. Qhov feem ntau yog muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm ntshav nyob rau hauv cov zis, quav lossis phev, ua npaws thiab kis tus mob prostate.

Hauv kev xyaum:

- Yog tias prostate txawv txav ntawm kev kuaj lub qhov quav thiab nws qhov palpation qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav, kev kuaj lub cev tau ua tiav, txawm tias PSA zoo li qub.

- Yog tias tus mob qog noj ntshav ib txwm nyob ntawm palpation thiab PSA ntau dua 4 ng / ml, kev kuaj lub cev yuav ua yog tias PSA nce ntau lub sijhawm.

• Rectal kov. Nws lub hom phiaj yog palpation ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv prostate. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus kws kho mob tso tus ntiv tes npog nrog hnab looj tes rau hauv qhov quav thiab nws tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov ntim thiab sib xws ntawm cov prostate. Qhov taw tes no tso cai tsuas yog ua tsaug ib nrab. Tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov tib neeg uas muaj tus mobantigen niam ntiav tshwj xeeb (= APS lossis PSA rau “Prostatic Specific Antigen”) ib txwm muaj.
  • Correctal ultrasound. Nws tsuas yog ua los ua lub qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev thiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau nws tus kheej.
  • Biopsy thaum lub sij hawm transrectal ultrasound. Thaum kuaj ultrasound, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem taw qhia rab koob los xyaum ntawm lub prostate biopsies, uas yog, kom siv cov nqaij mos me me kom nws tau kuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab tsom iav. Qhov no tso cai rau Gleason cov qhab nia los ntsuas. Tsuas yog kuaj lub cev tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav prostate nrog qhov tseeb. Kev kuaj lub cev feem ntau yog ua tiav siv rab koob tso rau hauv prostate. 10 txog 12 cov ntaub so ntswg raug kuaj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm prostate

    Cov txheej txheem no yog siv rau lub hom phiaj diagnostic, tsis tshuaj ntsuam. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tau ua tiav thaum tus txiv neej muaj PSA siab lossis thaum kuaj lub qhov quav digital pom pom qhov txawv txav ntawm prostate.