txheem
Raincoat nceb yog nyob rau hauv lub genus champignon. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv qhov txawv txav, lawv pom txawv dua li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub kaus mom raincoat yog qhov tsis sib xws, npog nrog cov txheej me me zoo li tus txha nraub qaum lossis koob. Vim tias muaj ntau cov hmoov zoo li spores tsim nyob rau hauv cov fungus, nws yog nrov hu ua hmoov av, luam yeeb daim txhuam cev los yog haus luam yeeb nceb. Raincoats feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov thiab loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua hom av.
Yuav nrhiav tau qhov twg thiab nyob rau lub caij twg?
Puffball nceb muaj nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab coniferous, ntawm cov nyom, teb, clearings, hav zoov ntug, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg, tab sis qee zaum ib qho qauv sprouts. Cov pear-puab raincoat zoo nkaus li zoo rau ntawm cov pob tw rotting ntawm cov ntoo deciduous.
Tsis zoo li lwm hom nceb, puffball tsis muaj qia. Cov nceb yog lub pob kaw ntawm cov xim dawb, daj lossis xim av. Hauv qee hom, pseudopod tuaj yeem pom, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub cev ntawm cov fungus. Thaum lub sij hawm maturation, lub raincoat qhib rau sab sauv ntawm lub kaus mom, los ntawm ntau spores raug tso tawm. Cov cua nqa cov spores mus rau thaj chaw ze thiab deb, yog li cov kab mob kis mus rau qhov chaw tshiab.
Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sov, raincoats twb pom nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Feem ntau cov nceb pickers sau lawv thaum Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli. Txhawm rau sau cov tsho tiv nag, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus tawm mus rau hauv hav zoov hnub ob tom qab los nag. Qhov tseeb yog tias nceb ntawm hom no nquag nqus dej los ntawm cov av. Tam sim ntawd tom qab los nag, raincoats swell thiab ua zoo li jelly.
Hom ntawm edible puffball nceb
Feem ntau raincoats yog edible. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb nuance - cov nceb noj tau thaum nws dawb. Cov tub ntxhais hluas raincoat muaj ib tug ilv aroma, exquisite saj thiab ilv qauv. Tom qab hloov xim, raincoats tsis sau.
giant
Lub tsho loj los nag (lat. Langermannia gigantea) yog nrov hu ua golovach lossis gigantic nceb vim nws qhov loj tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv teb, meadows los yog deciduous forests. Nyob rau hauv central Russia, hom raincoat yog tsawg.
Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub tsho tiv no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 8 kg, thiab txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem mus txog 50 cm. Outwardly, nceb yog ib lub pob loj. Cov duab yuav yog me ntsis flattened. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub hau yog du los yog npog nrog cov tawv nqaij zoo li flake. Cov nceb hluas yog xim dawb, raws li nws ripens, nws ua qias neeg ntsuab. Cov qauv ntawm lub pulp yog crumbly, heev kev sib tw.
pear-puab
Pear-shaped puffball (lat. Lycoperdon pyriforme) tau txais nws lub npe vim yog lub cev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zoo ib yam li pear. Cov nceb tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 4-5 cm, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov dav tshaj plaws, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 7-9 cm.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm pear-puab raincoat yog npog nrog ob daim tawv nqaij, muaj ib tug luv luv pseudopod. Lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas fungus yog tawv, prickly, creamy dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, them nrog nplai, tawg. Thaum cov fungus muaj hnub nyoog, cov spikes poob tawm, cov tawv nqaij sab nrauv tawg, thiab cov tawv nqaij sab hauv ua grey-xim av los yog daj. Tom qab ntawd, lub plhaub sab hauv qhib, uas npog cov spores.
Sab hauv fibrous loj ntawm ib tug hluas raincoat yog txawv los ntawm ib tug pronounced whiteness, heev fragrant, tab sis insipid nyob rau hauv saj. Lub sijhawm sau rau pear-shaped raincoats yog los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli.
Thorny
Prickly raincoat (lat. Lycoperdon perlatum) hu ua pearl. Lwm cov npe nrov yog ntau prosaic - koob, blackberry. Cov nceb spiny tsis loj - nws loj hlob mus txog 4 cm nyob rau hauv ntev thiab mus txog 7 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Cov duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no yog pear-puab, me ntsis flattened.
Lub cev fruiting yog them nrog ib tug spiny los yog warty membrane. Cov tub ntxhais hluas puffball yog dawb, ua grey lossis ntshav-xim av thaum nws loj tuaj. Kev hloov ntawm cov xim qhia tias cov nceb yuav tsum tsis txhob noj. Spiky puffball yog sau txij thaum pib ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus rau thawj hnub ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.
Golovach oblong
Golovach oblong (lat. Calvatia excipuliformis) zoo li lub pob me me, rub ua ke hauv qab. Cov yeeb yaj kiab sab nrauv yog du thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tab sis yog tias koj saib ze, koj tuaj yeem pom me me, nyias nyias. Dawb sab hauv fibers qhia tias nceb yog hluas. Nyob rau hauv ib tug laus raincoat, lawv yog heev tsaus, yuav luag dub.
Golovach oblong tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog lub tsho tiv no cuav. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias cov nceb noj tau npog nrog cov koob thiab tsis muaj pseudopod.
Meadow raincoat
Meadow raincoat (lat. Vascellum pratense los yog Lycoperdon pratense) yog ib lub nceb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub pob dawb nrog ib tug wrinkled pseudopod. Raws li raincoat matures, cov tawv nqaij txheej yuav ntom, acquires xim av. Meadow raincoat tuaj yeem hu ua me me - nws qhov loj me yog li ntawm 1 txog 5 cm hauv qhov siab thiab txoj kab uas hla.
Sau meadow nceb rau ntawm cov nyom qhib thiab hav zoov ntug. Tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais hluas raincoats nrog snow-dawb nqaij yog haum rau cov khoom noj. Sab hauv ntawm cov nceb paub tab yog xim av.
[Video] Muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kho cov khoom ntawm lub tsho tiv nag:
Muaj pes tsawg leeg
Txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm puffballs pib tom qab kawm txog kev siv cov fungus hauv cov zaub mov. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias lub tsho tiv nag tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho mob rau:
Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev.
Stimulation ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic.
Ua kom cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv system.
Qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob los ntshav.
Kev cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntawm ntau yam genesis.
Cov nyhuv kho tau zoo yog muab los ntawm cov nplua nuj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub pua plag raincoat. Nws muaj cov zaub mov, vitamins thiab amino acids, tshuaj tua kab mob:
Calcium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov pob txha noj qab haus huv thiab tsim cov hlwb tshiab.
Sodium - tswj cov acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas, activates enzymes.
Chromium - koom nrog hauv cov metabolism ntawm cov protein, carbohydrates, koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Iodine - txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, txhim kho kev txawj ntse.
Potassium yog tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv, cov leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Hlau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm hematopoiesis.
Fluorine - yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov ntom ntawm cov hniav enamel.
Phosphorus - koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov pob txha pob txha.
Molybdenum - txhim kho cov synthesis ntawm amino acids, neutralizes teeb meem compounds.
Zinc - tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub genitourinary system, synthesis ntawm kev sib deev, cov tshuaj hormones anabolic.
Rubidium - koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antihistamine.
Phenylalanine - txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Cysteine - qhov tseem ceeb rau collagen synthesis, plaub hau thiab tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv.
Tryptophan - koom nrog hauv kev tso tawm ntawm serotonin, muab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb.
Methionine - tshem tawm cov teeb meem tshuaj, kab mob microbes ntawm lub cev.
Vitamin D koom nrog hauv txhua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev los ntawm kev khaws cov pob txha mus rau kev xeeb tub.
Cov vitamins B yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov paj hlwb, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus txha caj qaum thiab lub hlwb.
Cov vitamins K, C, E, H, PP yog koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj biochemical hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes, cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav zoo, thiab muaj cov tshuaj antioxidant.
Nrog xws li ib tug nplua nuj muaj pes tsawg leeg, 100 grams ntawm raincoat nceb sau tseg:
Qab Zib - 4 g.
Yog '- 1 g.
Carbohydrates - 1 g.
Tib lub ntim nyiaj tsuas yog 27 kcal, uas ua rau lub tsho tiv no zoo heev ntawm kev noj haus.
Muaj kev phiv ntau
Ripe raincoats, nrog rau cov uas tau sau nyob rau hauv ecologically unfavorable cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv txoj kev, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub factories. Cov nceb no, uas tau sau cov co toxins, radionuclides, cov khoom tsis zoo, tau txais cov tshuaj lom.
Kev siv cov raincoats yog contraindicated:
Nrog kev tsis haum tshuaj rau txhua hom nceb.
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 10 xyoos.
Cov neeg mob raum.
Thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation ntawm gastrointestinal kab mob.
Nrog ib tug neeg intolerance rau tej nceb.
Raincoats yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb qab tshaj plaws thiab muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov muag heev, tsis tshua muaj qab ntxiag. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau dhau los ntawm raincoats nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov vim lawv txawv txawv thiab txawv txawv tsos. Thaum khaws cov nceb, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom rau hauv lub pob tawb. Muaj cov tsho tiv nag cuav uas tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij, tab sis tsis haum rau zaub mov.
Cov qauv hluas yog siv los ua zaub mov, uas cov nqaij yog xim dawb-dawb. Raincoats yog boiled, kib nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub los yog hluav taws, ci nrog lwm yam zaub, ua ke nrog ntau yam kua ntses. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv marinated thiab qhuav, lawv zoo kawg nkaus khaws lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj kho mob.