Lub aneurysm yog qhov o ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, qhov tawg ntawm qhov uas ua rau ntshav poob, nrog txoj kev pheej hmoo tuag. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kabmob sib txawv xws li ob lub raum, lub plawv lossis lub hlwb.

Kev txhais ntawm aneurysm

Qhov aneurysm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntshav, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tom kawg. Aneurysms tuaj yeem nyob ntsiag to lossis tawg, ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj lossis tseem tuag taus.

Kev mob aneurysm tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha loj xws li cov uas muab ntshav rau lub hlwb thiab aorta.

Ib qho aneurysm kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha sab nrauv - feem ntau nyob tom qab hauv caug - txawm hais tias kev tawg ntawm cov no yog qhov tsawg.

Ob qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau aneurysms yog:

Hauv cov hlab ntsha uas tawm ntawm lub plawv ncaj qha: nws yog aortic aneurysm. Nws suav nrog qhov aneurysm ntawmaorta thoracic cov thiab aneurysm ntawmtsam plab aorta.

Hauv cov hlab ntsha uas muab lub paj hlwb: nws yog lub paj hlwb lub paj hlwb, feem ntau hu ua intracranial aneurysm.

Muaj lwm hom aneurysms xws li cov cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha mesenteric (cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha uas pub lub plab) thiab cov cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntshav splenic thiab tshwm sim hauv tus po.

Hais txog cerebral aneurysm, tom kawg tuaj yeem ua rau xau lossis tawg ntawm cov ntshav, ua rau ntshav hauv lub hlwb: ib tus hais lus tom qab ntawdmob stroke hemorrhagic yam. Feem ntau lub hlwb aneurysm los ntawm lub nkoj tawg tau tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg (meninges) npog lub hlwb. Hom ntshav hemorrhagic stroke no hu ua subarachnoid hemorrhage. Feem ntau lub hlwb aneurysms, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tawg. Lub paj hlwb aneurysms muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg laus dua li menyuam yaus thiab ntau dua rau poj niam ntau dua li txiv neej.

Ua rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawg

Yuav ua li cas aneurysms tsim?

Kev o nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua thinning ntawm nws phab ntsa, uas tso cai rau cov ntshav siab mus rau qhov txawv txav ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Aortic aneurysm feem ntau siv daim ntawv ntawm lub zais zis uas zoo ib yam nyob ib puag ncig cov hlab ntshav, qhov uas lub paj hlwb aneurysm hloov pauv tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub zais zis uas siv cov duab ntawm lub hnab, feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw uas cov hlab ntsha yog qhov tsis yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Kev tawg ntawm lub paj hlwb aneurysms yog qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm hom mob stroke hu ua subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hom mob stroke no tsawg dua li ischemic stroke.

Vim li cas aneurysms tsim?

Nws tsis nkag siab kiag li vim li cas phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis muaj zog thiab nws yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Nws tau paub, txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev pheej hmoo (saib hauv qab) uas tau paub tias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawg.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub paj hlwb aneurysm

Yog tias koj muaj mob taub hau sai lossis mob hnyav lossis lwm yam tsos mob uas cuam tshuam nrog aneurysm, koj yuav muaj kev sim lossis ua ntu zus los ntsuas seb koj puas ntshav los rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm koj lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig (hemorrhage subarachnoid) lossis ib hom mob stroke .

Yog tias ntshav tau tshwm sim, pab pawg xwm txheej ceev yuav txiav txim siab yog tias qhov aneurysm yog qhov ua rau.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb tsis tawg-xws li mob tom qab koj lub qhov muag, teeb meem pom kev, thiab tuag tes tuag taw ntawm ib sab ntawm koj lub ntsej muag-koj yuav zoo li yuav raug kuaj tib yam.

Kev kuaj mob muaj xws li:

• Computerized tomography (CT). Qhov CT scan no feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev sim siv los txiav txim seb puas muaj ntshav hauv lub hlwb.
• Sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI). MRI siv lub tshuab nqus hlau thiab xov tooj cua kom tsim cov duab ntxaws ntawm lub hlwb. Nws tshuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha kom ntxaws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov muag.
• Kev kuaj kab mob cerebrospinal. Subarachnoid hemorrhage feem ntau ua rau muaj cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov kua dej hauv lub paj hlwb (kua nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog ua tiav yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm aneurysm.
• Cerebral angiography los yog angioscanner. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, tus kws kho mob txhaj tshuaj zas xim rau hauv lub raj yas hauv cov hlab ntshav loj - feem ntau yog hauv puab tais. Qhov kev xeem no muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li lwm qhov thiab feem ntau siv thaum lwm qhov kev kuaj mob tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv txaus.

Siv cov duab ntsuas los tshuaj xyuas lub paj hlwb tsis txaus feem ntau tsis pom zoo tshwj tsis yog tus neeg mob muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg nrog tus txheeb ze thawj qib (niam txiv, kwv tij).

Cov teeb meem ntawm aneurysm

Feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob nrog aneurysm tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov teeb meem. Kev tswj hwm cov kev pheej hmoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij.

Cov teeb meem ntawm aneurysm yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Venous thromboembolism: Kev txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntshav los ntawm cov ntshav khov tuaj yeem ua rau mob hauv lub cev xws li lub plab lossis lub paj hlwb, thiab qhov xwm txheej tom kawg tuaj yeem ua rau mob stroke.
• Mob hauv siab thiab / lossis mob lumbar: nws tshwm sim tom qab ntsiag to lossis tawg aortic aneurysm.
• mob angina pectoris : Qee hom aneurysm tuaj yeem ua rau mob angina pectoris, mob ntsig txog cov hlab ntsha nqaim uas ua rau lub plawv tsis zoo.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cerebral aneurysm

Thaum lub paj hlwb tawg, cov ntshav feem ntau tsuas kav ntev li ob peb feeb xwb. Kev los ntshav tuaj yeem ua rau puas hlwb ib puag ncig lub hlwb (neurons). Nws kuj ua rau nce siab hauv pob txha taub hau.

Yog tias lub siab nce siab dhau, cov ntshav thiab cov pa oxygen nkag rau hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov uas tsis nco qab lossis txawm tias tuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem txhim kho tom qab aneurysm ruptures suav nrog:

• Lwm qhov los ntshav. Cov hlab ntsha tawg tawg tuaj yeem ntshav ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau lub hlwb.
• Vasospasm. Ua raws li lub qhov quav, cov hlab ntshav hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem nqaim tam sim thiab ib ntus: qhov no yog vasospasm. Qhov kev txawv txav no tuaj yeem txwv cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb, ua rau ischemic stroke thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau cov neurons.
• Hydrocephalus. Thaum qhov mob aneurysm tawg ua rau ntshav mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig (subarachnoid hemorrhage), cov ntshav tuaj yeem thaiv qhov dej ntws (hu ua cerebrospinal fluid) puag ncig lub hlwb thiab lub cev. tus txha caj qaum. Qhov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua dej hauv lub cev ntau ntxiv uas ua rau lub siab nyob hauv lub hlwb thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij puas: nws yog hydrocephalus.
• Hyponatremia. Subarachnoid hemorrhage tom qab lub paj hlwb aneurysm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sodium sib npaug hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj hauv hypothalamus, thaj chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hlwb. A qib sodium tsawg hauv cov ntshav (hu ua hyponatremia) tuaj yeem ua rau lub paj hlwb puas thiab puas tsuaj tas mus li.