Valui (Russula foetens) yees duab thiab piav qhia

Valui (Russula foetens)

• Agaricus pepperatas Bull.
• Agaricus bulliardii JF Gmel.
• Agaricus fastidious Pers.
• Agaricus foetens (Pers.) Pers.
• Agaricus incrassatus Sowerby

Lub npe tam sim no: Russula foetens Pers., Observationes mycologicae 1: 102 (1796)

Etymology: Los ntawm Latin foetens = fetid, vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, feem ntau tsis hnov ​​​​tsw tsw. Italian lub npe: Russula fetida

Lub npe Slavic qhia txog ob qho tib si zoo li thiab "fortress" ntawm lub valuu:

• Goby
• Cam
• Kulbik
• Swinur
• Soplivik

Taub hau: loj, loj, 5-17 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, nyob rau hauv zoo xyoo nws tau yooj yim loj hlob mus txog 20 centimeters. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, spherical, fleshy-nyuaj, ces procumbent, ntiav thiab dav kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, tej zaum nrog ib tug me me dav tubercle.

Lub kaus mom paj feem ntau tsis sib xws, dav dav wavy, ntse, nrog cov lus tshaj tawm radial grooves uas ua rau muaj hnub nyoog ntau dua.

Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog lub teeb buffy, sib zog ntawm ntug thiab me ntsis ntau saturated nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus valuyas feem ntau nrog dab tuag asymmetrical me ntsis ntawm reddish-xim av thiab txawm reddish-dub.

Lub hau ntawm cov nceb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yog nplaum heev, slimy, nplua, zoo li nws tau npog nrog cov roj nplaum, tab sis nyob rau hauv huab cua qhuav, cov hnoos qeev dries sai sai. Lub tev tau yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm lub hau.

Tus nqi qis, "Fist":

ceg. Sib haum rau lub kaus mom: loj, voluminous, mus txog 20 (los yog ntau tshaj) centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 2-5 cm tuab. Feem ntau uniformly cylindrical los yog me ntsis widened nyob rau sab saum toj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm daim hlau, tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug thickening nyob rau hauv qab.

Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov qauv, lub qia yog tag nrho, tab sis sai heev lub pulp nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qia yuav paj thiab kab noj hniav, caverns yog tsim, txuas mus rau hauv ib tug loj central kab noj hniav lined nrog ib tug mos, qias neeg reddish-xim av.

Cov ceg yog tuab heev thiab muaj zog, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog qhov tseem ceeb nws sharply muab nyob rau hauv thiab sags thaum nias heev nrog rau cov ntiv tes, nws yuav tsis yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog laus.

Cov xim ntawm qia yog dawb, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb. Qhov dawb saum npoo ntawm qia ua sai heev nrog greyish, qias neeg xim av, xim av liab, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob loj, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tawg ntawm me me me ntsis thiab specks.

Qhov saum npoo ntawm qia yog ntxhib, tsis tshua muaj suab ntxhib lossis tawg nrog hnub nyoog, npog nrog ntxhib hmoov txheej hauv qab daim hlau.

Pulp: tuab, tawv thiab tawv, sharply thinned thiab gelatinized ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub kaus mom hauv cov nceb hluas. Dawb ntawm qhov txiav thiab tawg, tsis hloov xim thaum puas. Tab sis thaum ntxov ua reddish-xim av nyob rau hauv lub caverns ntawm qia thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub puab cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qia. Juicy nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, dryish, tab sis tsis qhuav, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus.

tsis hnov ​​tsw: muaj zog heev thiab tsis kaj siab heev (ntau zaus, hlawv raws li Persoon) thaum txiav. Qee lub sij hawm piav raws li qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw ntawm rotten herring "ntawm fruity tom qab", qee zaum raws li tsis hnov ​​tsw ntawm cov roj rancid.

saj: heev ntse, pungent thiab iab nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom, tab sis tej zaum "yuav luag" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm lub stalk.

Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg: KOH tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov nqaij dawb ntawm cov nqaij, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij ntawm ceg (me ntsis reddish los yog creamy straw ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws), tab sis ua rau cov nqaij sab hauv ntawm txhais ceg reddish los yog reddish xim av.

Cov ntaub ntawv: sparse, tuab, forked nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nkig, lanceolate, ntse mus rau ntse ntse nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, piv txwv li, 8-14 mm dav. Loj loj. Yuav luag tsis muaj daim hlau. Ua ntej dawb, qee zaum nrog cov kua dej ntshiab, tom qab ntawd qab zib thiab ntau dua los yog tsawg dua cov xim av, los ntawm qias neeg xim av, tab sis cov ntug feem ntau yog tag nrho thiab zoo ib yam (los yog lig darkening).

spore hmoov: dawb los yog creamy, daj ntseg cream, daj ntseg daj.

Controversy 7,5-8,5-10,25-(11,5) x 6,7-8,7 µm, kheej kheej lossis yuav luag spherical, warty. Cov warts yog sib txawv los yog conical, nrog ob peb txuas ridges, yooj yim mus txog 1,5 x 0,75 µm.

Nws tshwm sim hauv hav zoov me ntsis, ntawm cov av hnyav, nyob rau hauv cov ntoo deciduous thiab coniferous, ob qho tib si ntawm cov tiaj thiab hauv roob. Loj hlob profusely thoob plaws Europe, Asia thiab North America. Nws feem ntau dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv pawg loj.

Nws pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm Lub Xya Hli, nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav sov - txawm tias los ntawm Lub Rau Hli, mus txog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv teb chaws qhov chaw unconditionally attribute Russula foetens rau inedible thiab txawm lom hom. Yog li, piv txwv li, ib qho chaw Italian: "Hauv txhua qhov kev nkag siab nws yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog tshuaj lom russula, txawm hais tias tsis hnov ​​​​tsw tsw zoo yuav luag rov ua dua."

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub qub USSR, valui yog suav hais tias yog ib tug tag nrho edible nceb, yog hais tias koj paub yuav ua li cas ua noj nws. Tshaj li Urals, Valuev tau sau rau hauv cov thoob loj, feem ntau salted.

Lub ntsiab mob: cov nceb yuav tsum tau so kom huv si, feem ntau hloov dej. Pre-boiling (tom qab soaking) kuj tseem tsim nyog.

Hauv qab daus (Russula subfoetens)

Qhov ze tshaj plaws hom, xyaum indistinguishable los ntawm Valuy. Qhov sib txawv ntawm macro nkaus xwb: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau KOH. Valui hloov xim rau reddish, Podvalui - rau daj. Tag nrho lwm cov nta sib tshooj. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb: ob hom yog conditionally edible thiab tom qab ua noj lawv yog kiag li indistinguishable.

Rau cov npe loj ntawm cov russula zoo sib xws, saib kab lus Podvaluy.

Video:

Kab lus siv cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Sergey thiab Vitaly.