Txhua tus neeg tsis noj nqaij tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej, teb rau nws cov dab neeg txog kev phom sij ntawm cov nqaij noj, tau hnov: “Cov zaub kuj muaj nitrates thiab txhua yam tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd yog dab tsi?!” Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg noj nqaij nyiam cov lus tawm tsam. Tiag tiag, koj tuaj yeem noj zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo li cas? Thiab qhov teeb meem "nitrate" txaus ntshai npaum li cas rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv? Nitrates: leej twg yog phooj ywg, leej twg yog pirates Nitrates yog ntsev ntawm nitric acid, lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag khoom noj khoom haus thiab tsim nyog rau lawv los tsim hlwb thiab tsim chlorophyll. Lub siab concentration ntawm nitrates nyob rau hauv cov av yog kiag li tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau cov nroj tsuag; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws pab txhawb rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv, ntau dua photosynthesis thiab siab yields. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav xav "overdo me ntsis" nrog chiv. Rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, nitrates nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ib txwm tsis txaus ntshai, tab sis kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua rau tuag taus. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv loj, nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm microflora, nitrates hloov mus rau hauv nitrites - lawv yog lom rau tib neeg. Nitrites muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hemoglobin: ferrous hlau yog oxidized rau ferric hlau thiab methemoglobin tau txais, uas tsis tuaj yeem nqa oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob - oxygen tshaib plab tshwm sim. Raws li cov qauv ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, kev tso cai niaj hnub noj nitrates rau ib tus neeg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 mg rau 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav, piv txwv li. e. rau ib tug neeg hnyav 70 kg - tsis ntau tshaj 350 mg ib hnub twg. Yog tias koj noj 600-650 mg ntawm nitrates ib zaug, tshuaj lom yuav tshwm sim rau tus neeg laus. Hauv cov menyuam yaus (cov yau, cov lus tshaj tawm) cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev kho cov hemoglobin txo qis, yog li nitrates muaj kev phom sij ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus dua li cov neeg laus. Lub degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm nitrates rau ib tug neeg nyob ntawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntau, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Hauv lub cev noj qab haus huv, kev hloov pauv ntawm nitrates rau nitrites qeeb dua hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv tsuas yog tso tawm, thiab qee qhov txawm hloov mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv nitrates yog muab los ntawm xwm, thiab ib txwm metabolism txawm hais tias qee qhov muaj cov ntsev no. Ua zaub mov rau cov nroj tsuag, nitrates yuav ib txwm yog lawv qhov tseem ceeb (tshwj tsis yog yuav tsis muaj nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej). Tab sis tib neeg yuav tsum tau ceev faj nrog nitric acid ntsev thiab, yog tias ua tau, txo lawv cov kev noj. Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm nitrates Tau kawg, txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los hais tias koj yuav tsum noj tsuas yog cov zaub pov thawj, sau rau hauv cov pov thawj vaj, cov neeg pov thawj. Los yog qhia kom tau txais nitrate meter lossis nitrate tester (yog tias koj paub dab tsi txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no, thov sau rau hauv cov lus rau tsab xov xwm) Tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej yog qhov no: koj tab tom sawv ntawm lub txee nrog cov zaub muaj xim / txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txhua yam koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lawv, nws yog sau rau ntawm tus nqi tag – tus nqi thiab lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob… Ntawm no yog ib co lus qhia tseem ceeb: Nrhiav seb hom "txiv hmab txiv ntoo". Hauv ntau hom zaub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrates thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob loo txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov nroj tsuag sau nitric acid ntsev nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, cov noob taum ntsuab zoo li muaj nitrate ntau dua li cov taum daj. Xaiv cov uas siav. Yog tias ua tau, tshem tawm ntau yam thaum ntxov, cov nroj tsuag tsis paub tab, thiab cov zaub cog qoob loo, uas zoo li muaj cov tshuaj nitrates siab, los ntawm kev noj zaub mov. Txawm li cas los xij, zaub overripe yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai. Piv txwv li, overgrown cag qoob loo ntawm cov lus beets thiab zucchini kuj muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm nitrates. Nyob rau hauv carrots, qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv paus zoo tau sau tseg nrog ib tug loj ntawm 100-200 g. Qhov saj thiab xim. Ntau xim xim ntau yam ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog carrots) muaj cov nitrates tsawg dua li cov paler. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog qhov tsos yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias zaub muaj ib tug unnatural saj, lawv tsis kaj siab rau zom - qhov no qhia tau hais tias ib tug tshaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitric acid ntsev. Tsuas yog tshiab! Zaub xam lav thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub kua txiv yuav tsum tau noj dua tshiab tshiab npaj. Txawm tias lub sijhawm luv luv cia hauv lub tub yees ua rau muaj kev sib ntxiv ntawm microflora, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg rau tib neeg. Tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom noj kaus poom (thiab tib lub sij hawm sausages thiab smoked nqaij), uas yog npaj nrog ntxiv ntawm nitrates thiab nitrites. Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov nqaij npua thiab hnyuv ntxwm, lawv tau ntxiv tsis yog tsuas yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov kab mob pathogenic, tab sis kuj muab cov khoom noj nqaij liab-xim av. Siv dej huv. Kwv yees li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov nitrates nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev nrog dej. Boiling dej paug nrog nitrates tsis txo, tab sis tsub kom nws toxicity. Tshuaj lom nrog cov dej no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, vim tias qhov nqus ntawm cov co toxins mus rau hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Yuav ua li cas txo nitrate nyob rau hauv zaub (cov uas koj twb muaj nyob rau hauv koj chav ua noj) Txawm hais tias koj poob thawj puag ncig nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nitrates thiab yuav ib tug npua nyob rau hauv ib tug poke, tag nrho cov tsis ploj. Nrog kev pab ntawm riam, saucepan thiab lwm yam khoom siv, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem no thiab tshem tawm cov ntsev ntau tshaj nitrogen. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev: thaum ua noj, kaus poom, salting, fermenting thiab tev zaub, qib ntawm nitrates txo qis. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws, suav nrog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev khaws cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj soaked qos yaj ywm rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv ib tug ib feem pua ntawm ntsev tov, ces yeej yuav luag tsis muaj nitrates nyob rau hauv nws, thiab lom muaj txiaj ntsim tshuaj. Fermentation, canning, salting, pickling yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj 3-4 hnub muaj ib tug txhim khu kev qha txheej txheem ntawm converting nitrates rau nitrites, yog li nws yog zoo dua tsis txhob noj freshly pickled cabbage, cucumbers thiab lwm yam zaub ua ntej 10-15 hnub tom qab. . Nrog ntev (rau 2 teev) soaking ntawm nplooj zaub, 15-20% ntawm nitrates yog ntxuav tawm ntawm lawv. Txhawm rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrates hauv paus qoob loo thiab cabbage los ntawm 25-30%, nws yog txaus los tuav lawv nyob rau hauv dej rau ib teev, tom qab txiav lawv mus rau hauv me me pieces. Thaum ua noj, qos yaj ywm poob txog 80%, carrots, zaub qhwv, rutabaga - txog 70%, rooj beets - txog li 40% ntawm nitrates, tab sis qee cov as-ham thiab vitamins raug rhuav tshem. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no muaj ib qho teeb meem loj - feem ntau ntawm nitrates yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tsis muab rho tawm hauv txoj kev. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws yog ntxuav cov zaub kom zoo. Nitrates raug faib tsis sib npaug hauv cov nroj tsuag. Lawv tsawg kawg hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov nplej yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau noj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm cov concentration ntawm nitrogen ntsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum noj zaub tshiab: tev, stalks, cores ntawm cov qoob loo hauv paus, petioles, qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov qoob loo hauv paus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, stalk. Qhov no txo cov "nitrate" ntawm zaub los ntawm ob mus rau peb zaug. Phau ntawv Encyclopedia of Safety rau txhua cov zaub qhia nws txoj kev tu: BEET. Beetroot yog suav hais tias yog poj huab tais ntawm cov zaub, tab sis nws kuj tau muab lub npe ntawm tus yeej nyob rau hauv tsub zuj zuj ntawm nitrates. Qee tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem muaj txog 4000 mg / kg. Nitrates nyob rau hauv beets yog faib unevenly. Yog hais tias lawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntu ntawm lub hauv paus qoob loo yog npaum li cas 1 units, ces nyob rau hauv qis ib feem (ze rau tus Tsov tus tw) twb muaj 4 units, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem (ze ntawm nplooj) - 8 units. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los txiav tawm sab saum toj los ntawm ib lub hlis twg thiab tus Tsov tus tw - los ntawm ib feem yim ntawm cov cag qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, beets yog freed los ntawm peb lub quarters ntawm nitrates. NKAUJ HMOOB. Hauv lettuce, spinach, parsley, dill thiab lwm yam zaub ntsuab, nitrates qee zaum txawm siab dua hauv beets. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm unfertilized txaj, ntsev cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog nruab nrab, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug nutrient tov los yog nyob rau hauv zoo-fed av, cov concentration ntawm nitrates tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4000-5000 mg / kg. Qhov concentration ntawm ntsev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog heterogeneous - muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub stems thiab petioles ntawm nplooj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj ntsuab tshiab muaj ntau cov vitamins uas inhibit qhov hloov ntawm nitrates rau nitrites. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ascorbic acid (vitamin C) pab "neutralize" nitrates, yog li nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv tshuaj ntsuab tshiab rau zaub tais diav. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov huab cua, nitrates sai heev tig mus rau hauv nitrites. Ntsuab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws chopped ua ntej noj. CABBAGE. Hauv cov zaub qhwv dawb, nitrates "xaiv" nplooj nplooj (peb lossis plaub txheej). Muaj ob zaug ntau npaum li nitrogen ntsev nyob rau hauv lawv thiab nyob rau hauv stump li nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub taub hau. Thaum lub sij hawm cia, tshiab cabbage khaws nws cov ntsiab lus nitrate kom txog rau thaum Lub Ob Hlis, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis, cov ntsev concentration poob los ntawm yuav luag peb zaug. Hauv sauerkraut, thawj 3-4 hnub muaj kev hloov pauv sai ntawm nitrates rau hauv nitrites. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj maj mam salted cabbage tsis ntxov tshaj li ib lub lim tiam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, feem ntau ntawm cov nitrates nkag mus rau hauv lub brine - nrog rau ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov muaj nuj nqis tebchaw. Cauliflower feem ntau muaj nitrates ntau tshaj li cov zaub qhwv dawb thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws steamed. RADISH. Radishes qee zaum muaj txog li 2500 mg / kg ntawm nitrates. Qhov concentration ntawm txog 500 mg / kg tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws (rau ntau yam thaum ntxov). Nyob rau hauv "hloov ntau yam" ntawm radish, nitrogen ntsev yog tsawg dua nyob rau hauv "elongated". Koj tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus nitrate ntawm radishes los ntawm ib nrab los ntawm kev txiav cov saum thiab tails los ntawm 1/8. POTATO. Nrog kev cia zoo, cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrates hauv cov qos yaj ywm poob qis thaum pib lub Peb Hlis - yuav luag plaub zaug. Txog rau Lub Ob Hlis, qhov concentration tseem yuav luag tsis hloov. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsev nyob rau hauv tuber yog concentrated ze rau nruab nrab (thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ze rau lub tev!), Tab sis qhov txawv me me. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau tev nws, ntxiv rau, cov vitamins thiab enzymes muaj nyob rau hauv tev txwv tsis pub hloov pauv ntawm nitrates rau nitrites. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua noj qos yaj ywm nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm nitrates yog steamed, "nyob rau hauv uniform": tubers me me yog muab tag nrho, cov loj yog txiav rau hauv 2, 4 los yog 6 qhov chaw, thaum mus txog 60-70% ntawm nitrates raug tshem tawm. Thaum lub sijhawm ua noj ua haus, txog li 40% raug tshem tawm, yog tias kib - txog 15%. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ncuav tawm cov dej seem tom qab ua noj cov qos yaj ywm. CARROT. Carrots, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov, tuaj yeem sau txog 1000 mg / kg ntawm nitrates. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau saum toj, ze rau ntawm nplooj, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tau pom tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm nitrates tshwm sim hauv cov carrots nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tsuas yog carrots, tab sis tag nrho cov zaub - beets, turnips, zucchini, thiab lwm yam. nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj qhov nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv tws carrots (raws li nyob rau hauv zaub, beets, thiab lwm yam), nitrates sai sai tig mus rau hauv nitrites. Nyob rau hauv cov zaub xam lav, cov txheej txheem no yog aggravated los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm qaub cream los yog mayonnaise (mayonnaise nws tus kheej yog tshuaj lom!), uas pab txhawb rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov kab mob. Sunflower roj inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. ZUCCHINI Lawv tuaj yeem muaj txog li 700 mg / kg ntawm nitrates. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij heev thiab nyob ze ntawm tus Tsov tus tw. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem tawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab tshem tawm cov tev hauv ib txheej tuab. Zucchini, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov laus, feem ntau yog boiled, uas txo lawv cov ntsiab lus nitrate ntau tshaj ob zaug. Yuav tau steamed nyob rau hauv lub siab cooker. Dib lauj. Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, txawm tias cucumbers tuaj yeem sau txog 600 mg / kg ntawm nitrates. Muaj ob peb zaug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub tev tshaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Thiab yog hais tias lub tev yog iab, tsis kaj siab, nws yuav tsum tau txiav tawm. Nws kuj raug pom zoo kom txiav tawm qhov feem ntau tasteless nyob ze ntawm tus Tsov tus tw. *** Tau kawg, cov lus qhia no tsuas yog poob rau hauv hiav txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas xav tau los tswj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis tam sim no cov lus nug ntawm cov neeg noj nqaij noj txog nitrates tuaj yeem raug kev nyab xeeb: "Koj puas ntshai nitrates?
2022-11-11