Flu txhaj rau cov neeg laus hauv 2022
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas 2022-2023 twb pib lawm. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau cov neeg laus yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob txaus ntshai uas tau thov ntau lab tus tib neeg lub neej yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev kho mob.

Ntau tus neeg niaj hnub no tsis xav txog tus kab mob khaub thuas yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai, txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim tawm tsam nws, thiab cov khw muag tshuaj muag ntau cov tshuaj uas cog lus tias yuav "tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas thiab mob khaub thuas" hauv ob peb hnub xwb. Tab sis qhov kev tu siab ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los, piv txwv li, tus kab mob npaws Spanish uas paub zoo, ua rau peb nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, muaj kev phom sij. Thiab muaj tsawg heev cov tshuaj siv tau zoo uas yuav txhawb nqa tus kab mob.1.

Txog niaj hnub no, tus mob khaub thuas yog txaus ntshai rau nws cov teeb meem. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kab mob yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas hauv peb lub tebchaws muaj nyob rau hauv National Calendar ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv2. Txhua tus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib xyoos ib zaug, tab sis muaj qee yam uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kho mob thiab kev kawm, kev thauj mus los, kev pabcuam pej xeem.

Qhov twg mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas nyob rau hauv Russia

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob thiab cov tsev kho mob ntiag tug. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab intramuscularly nyob rau sab caj npab.

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog muab pub dawb (thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov chaw kho mob hauv nroog, raws li MHI txoj cai), yog tias koj xav ua ib qho txawv teb chaws, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntxiv. Tsis tas yuav npaj rau cov txheej txheem - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm lwm yam kab mob, txawm tias mob khaub thuas3.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, ob peb tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, txog li 37% ntawm cov pejxeem. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, qhov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis, piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tsawg kawg ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws ntev npaum li cas

Kev tiv thaiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas yog luv luv. Feem ntau nws txaus rau ib lub caij nkaus xwb - kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej yuav tsis tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Tsuas yog hauv 20 - 40% ntawm cov neeg mob, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas lub caij dhau los yuav pab tau. Qhov no yog vim qhov txawv txav ntawm tus kab mob hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws hloov mus tas li. Yog li ntawd, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib xyoos ib zaug, tsuas yog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab ntawm lub caij tam sim no.4.

Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas hauv Russia?

Thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim los ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo, thiab qee qhov yog "nyob". Yuav luag txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas niaj hnub no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob "tua tuag". Cov kab mob khaub thuas yog loj hlob ntawm qaib embryos, thiab qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua xua - vim muaj cov kab mob nqaij qaib protein nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj kev coj ua ib txwm tsis ntseeg cov tshuaj hauv tsev, feem ntau ntseeg tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws yog qhov zoo dua. Tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm cov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev tau nce zuj zus txhua xyoo, thaum qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob khaub thuas poob. Qhov no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev, uas tsis txawv ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov tsev kho mob tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov tshuaj feem ntau yog siv: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li ob lub kaum os cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau sau npe.

Muaj pov thawj tias qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas txawv teb chaws yuav tsis raug xa mus rau Russia lub caij no (qhov no yog Vaxigrip / Influvak).

Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov txhua xyoo. Qhov no yog ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tus kab mob khaub thuas uas tau hloov pauv hauv lub xyoo. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization) tau kwv yees tias hom kab mob khaub thuas twg yuav tsum tau nyob rau lub caij no. Kev txhaj tshuaj tshiab yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, yog li txhua xyoo yuav txawv.5.

Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb

Nws yuav qhia rau koj txog txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.

Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Koj tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas yog tias ib tus neeg muaj cov kab mob ntshav tsis zoo thiab neoplasms, thiab tseem ua xua rau nqaij qaib protein (tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau tsim los ntawm cov nqaij qaib protein thiab muaj cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem siv). Cov neeg mob tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lawv cov mob hawb pob bronchial thiab atopic dermatitis zuj zus, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov kab mob no, nws muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias tus neeg yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj muaj kub taub hau thiab muaj cov tsos mob ntawm SARS. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav ncua 3 lub lis piam yog tias tus neeg mob tau mob hnyav. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog contraindicated rau cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas yav dhau los ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj yog tias kuv twb mob lawm?
Tus kab mob khaub thuas hloov pauv txhua xyoo, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim tawm hauv lub cev yuav tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tag nrho cov kab mob khaub thuas tshiab. Yog tias ib tus neeg mob lub caij dhau los, qhov no yuav tsis tiv thaiv nws ntawm tus kab mob lub caij no. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws xyoo tas los. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, txawm tias koj twb mob lawm.
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub puas tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob khaub thuas ntau ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lawv cov hlab ntshav, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua pa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm nce, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv tsev kho mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau pawg neeg no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cev tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kis mus rau tus menyuam los ntawm cov kua mis, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub hauv 2nd thiab 3rd trimester ntawm cev xeeb tub, nrog rau thaum pub niam mis, tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas.
Koj puas tuaj yeem ntub qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, koj tuaj yeem da dej, thaum qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhuam nrog daim txhuam cev, vim tias hematoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab intramuscularly, yog li tsuas yog daim tawv nqaij puas me ntsis thiab qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem haus cawv tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Tsis yog, ib qho kev thauj khoom ntawm daim siab raug txwv. Kev haus cawv tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pom zoo vim tias cov tshuaj hauv cawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua xua.
Thaum twg kuv tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus?
Koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ib hlis tom qab tau txais qhov thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19. Lub sijhawm zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog lub Cuaj Hlis-Kaum Ib Hlis.
Cov teeb meem dab tsi tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws-rau-kev pheej hmoo piv rau lwm yam tshuaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob yog qhov hnyav dua li qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tau dhau los ua tsawg dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub lig 70s, thaum lub sij hawm tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus kab mob no raug tua, me ntsis "huv" thiab raws li nws, lub npe hu ua tag nrho-virion tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim. Niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb nkag siab tias tag nrho cov kab mob no tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm, ob peb cov proteins txaus, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj tus kab mob no raug rhuav tshem thiab txhua yam superfluous raug tshem tawm, tsuas yog cov protein tsim nyog uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Lub cev tib lub sijhawm pom lawv ua tus kab mob tiag tiag. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhaj tshuaj thib plaub subunit. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj, nrog rau cov nqaij qaib protein. Cov thev naus laus zis tau coj mus rau theem uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaij qaib protein nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav luag tsis pom.

Tej zaum yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos me me rau kev txhaj tshuaj, liab liab, qee zaum qhov kub thiab txias nce me ntsis, thiab mob taub hau tshwm. Tab sis txawm tias qhov kev tshwm sim no tsis tshua muaj - txog 3% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ua li cas koj thiaj paub tias tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo?
Ib yam li txhua yam tshuaj, ib tus neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob niaj hnub no yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis uas dhau los ntawm kev sim mus ntev (los ntawm 2 txog 10 xyoo) rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo nyob hauv khw.

Txawm tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo siv rau hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tib neeg, cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tseem saib xyuas nws qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cov koom haum tshwj xeeb ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Russia tsis tu ncua saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim tawm.

Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kwv yees li 400 kev tswj cov khoom siv raw, kev tshaj tawm, cov khoom nruab nrab thiab cov khoom tiav tau ua tiav. Txhua lub tuam txhab muaj nws tus kheej tswj kev sim, uas yog cais los ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej.

Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom kuj tseem saib xyuas kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev khaws cia thiab thauj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog, ua kom ntseeg tau cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov hu ua "txoj saw txias".

Kuv puas tuaj yeem nqa kuv tus kheej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Qhov tseeb vim tias koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav thiab nqa koj tus kheej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws qhov zoo yuav raug kev txom nyem. Ntau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntau dua yog qhov khaws cia hauv qhov chaw kho mob kom zoo. Lawv feem ntau tsis kam muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coj los rau qhov no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai npaum li cas?
"Kev tiv thaiv" tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tsis tsim tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Ua ntej, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub txog cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yuav siv li ob lub lis piam. Thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov neeg kis mob tseem yuav tsum tau zam kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob khaub thuas ua ntej qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua haujlwm.

Qhov chaw ntawm:

  1. Orlova NV Flu. Kev kuaj mob, lub tswv yim rau xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
  2. Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv N 1. Lub teb chaws daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
  3. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom thiab Tib Neeg Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv hnub tim 20 Lub Cuaj Hli 2021 "Ntawm tus mob khaub thuas thiab kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv nws" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
  4. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom thiab Tib Neeg Txoj Cai. Txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas hauv cov lus nug thiab lus teb. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
  5. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom thiab Tib Neeg Txoj Cai. Cov lus pom zoo ntawm Rospotrebnadzor rau cov pej xeem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php

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