Yuav ua li cas cog nceb nyob rau hauv tsev
Lub caij nceb yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, thiab cov neeg rushed mus rau hauv hav zoov kom sau pob tawb thiab thoob nrog butter, nceb thiab mis nyuj nceb. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qee tus tab tom nrhiav nceb, lawv taug kev hauv hav zoov, thaum lwm tus neeg sau qoob loo ntawm lawv cov hacienda. Koj puas xav tib yam? Yuav ua li cas cog nceb nyob rau hauv tsev

Qhov twg mus yuav nceb rau tsev loj hlob

Ntau tus xav txog: txhawm rau kom loj hlob nceb, koj yuav tsum xub pom nws hauv hav zoov, khawb nws, chop nws, thiab sow hauv lub vaj. Tam sim no nws yog txhua yam yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub khw muag khoom - tag nrho showcases ntawm pob khoom ntawm nceb nrog mycelium.

Nws yog txaus los yuav ib lub pob, nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm uas muaj ib tug step-by-step qhia nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas kom zoo yug me nyuam thiab tu rau no xyov hom nceb.

loj hlob tej yam kev mob

Qee cov nceb, xws li oyster nceb thiab champignons, tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tsev - hauv cellar lossis pantry. Tab sis nws yog yooj yim dua rau yug lawv nyob rau hauv lub vaj.

Kev loj hlob nceb tsis yooj yim li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau - mis nyuj nceb, nceb, boletus, nceb los yog champignons. Yog tias koj qhov chaw muaj ib daim hav zoov - qhov ntawd yuav zoo tagnrho. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias hav zoov twg yog deciduous lossis coniferous. Nws nyob ntawm qhov twg mycelium tuaj yeem noj hauv paus muaj thiab tsim lub cev fruiting. Tab sis txawm tias tsis muaj hav zoov nyob ze, tsis muaj teeb meem, txhua qhov chaw muaj lub vaj.

Koj tuaj yeem siv stumps rau kev loj hlob nceb. Piv txwv li, muaj ib tug stump tshuav ntawm ib co ntoo, tsis txhob uproot - ntawm no koj muaj peev xwm yug ib tug tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm nceb. Yuav mycelium - thiab mus! Muaj txawm tias lub caij ntuj no nceb uas cov stump yuav tsum "kis" thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tsis txhob txhawj, lawv yuav tsis tuag. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, sai li sai tau thaum lub hnub sov sov lub duab ntxoov ntxoo, lawv yuav pib loj hlob. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam - koj tuaj yeem ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm.

cog nceb

Kev cog nceb nyob ntawm hom mycelium.

Nyob ntawm cov stumps. Tsob ntoo nceb xws li oyster nceb, caij nplooj zeeg nceb, shiitake, nameko thiab tremella ice nceb yog muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sticks kis nrog mycelium. Lawv loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo ntawm qee hom ntoo (qhia hauv cov lus qhia) nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 - 20 cm thiab ntev li ntawm 1 m, nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 20 cm ntawm ib leeg thiab tob tshaj qhov. ntev ntawm tus pas nrig. Cov sticks yog tsav mus rau qhov nres, thiab lub qhov nws tus kheej yog kaw nrog ntoo plugs, siv quav ciab los yog av nplaum - kom cov kab mob thiab pwm spores tsis nkag mus rau hauv.

Cov cav ntoo raug tshem tawm hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, ntub dej, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cua zoo, thiab sab laug kom loj hlob mycelium. Tom qab 2-4 lub hlis koj yuav pom cov "pwm" dawb - qhov no yog mycelium. Tab sis kom txog thaum nws tshwm, cov cav yuav tsum tau watered 2-3 zaug ib lub lim tiam rau 10-15 feeb.

Tom qab mycelium tau tshwm sim, cov cav ntoo tau khawb hauv lub vaj lossis hauv tsev cog khoom ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Thiab tom qab li 1-2 lub lis piam, rudiments ntawm fruiting lub cev yuav tshwm rau lawv.

Muaj lwm yam kev xaiv rau cog ntoo nceb. Piv txwv li, oyster nceb mycelium yog muag ntawm cov nplej substrate (1), uas feem ntau yog siv los loj hlob nceb hauv hnab - lawv tau ntim nrog cov khoom siv cog: nplooj, sawdust, straw, buckwheat husks thiab txawm tias daim duab los qhia. Thiab shiitake nceb tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv ntoo thuv sawdust (2).

Hauv av. Hauv av nceb, piv txwv li, porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, mis nyuj nceb yog cog rau hauv av. Thiab lawv cov mycelium yog muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nplej ntawm cereals kis nrog mycelium. Txhua hom nceb xav tau nws tus kheej ntoo yog tias lawv loj hlob hauv symbiosis. Cov ntoo dab tsi xav tau - qhia hauv cov lus qhia ntawm pob.

Txhawm rau yug cov nceb, 3 qhov yog ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 - 15 cm thiab qhov tob ntawm 20 cm. Lawv yog ib nrab them nrog compost, pieces ntawm mycelium yog nteg rau nws, thiab lawv tseem them nrog compost on to top thiab maj mam tamped. Lub qhov yog them nrog moss, qhuav nplooj thiab ceg, tom qab uas cov cog yog watered - nyob rau hauv 1 thoob dej rau txhua lub qhov. Yuav kom xws li mycelium mus rau hauv paus zoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej nws los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm nrog ib tug daws ntawm qab zib - 2 teaspoons ib 10 liv dej.

"Cia li npaj rau qhov tseeb tias, tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev cai, koj yuav tsis tau txais qoob loo hauv thawj xyoo," ceeb toom Tatiana Kudryashova tus kws tshaj lij ua vaj. - Nws yuav tshwm sim xyoo tom ntej lossis ob xyoos tom qab. Xws li cov nceb capricious! Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tseb nceb nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, thaum cov daus tau yaj thiab lub ntiaj teb tau sov. Txog thaum nws kub hnyiab, nws yog qhov phem rau kev ciaj sia. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, muaj dej noo ntau, nws los nag hauv qhov ntau txaus, thiab lub hnub tsis kub heev. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum tau dej cov mycelium tsis yog ib zaug ib lub lim tiam, ntau npaum li siv tau, tab sis ntau li ntau tau.

Thiab kev loj hlob ntawm nceb nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov qis dua, qhov ntev ntawm kev tsim mycelium.

Cov nceb dawb

Cov nceb dawb, lossis nceb, yog qhov nyuaj rau yug me nyuam. Thawj kauj ruam yog khawb ib qhov tob thiab dav ntawm lub spade bayonet.

"Tom qab ntawd khawb ib kab ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug, faib nws mus rau hauv cov squares thiab tig lub turf," qhia nws cov lus qhia Tatiana Kudryashova. - Yuav tsum muaj humus txaj rau boletus, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis muaj sia nyob. Tej daim ntawm mycelium yog nteg on nws thiab sprinkled nrog humus, them nrog tshem tawm turf thiab ua tib zoo nchuav nrog dej.

Thaum mycelium siv cov hauv paus thiab fruiting lub cev ntawm nceb tshwm, watering thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau kiag li nres.

Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm yug tau porcini nceb, boletus, boletus, boletus ntawm qhov chaw.

mushroom

Yuav kom loj hlob champignons, koj xav tau zoo compost los yog semi-decomposed straw nees manure (3).

Cov nceb no zoo nkauj heev: lawv tsis loj hlob hauv av lossis hauv lub hnub qhib, lawv xav tau shading, qee qhov dej noo thiab qhov kub thiab txias, yog li ib qho chaw rau lawv yuav tsum pom nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub vaj.

Tua ntawm champignons zoo li cov pwm dawb, uas maj mam folds rau hauv cov pob me me - cov no yog cov nceb yav tom ntej. Tom qab ntawd ib lub qia me me thiab lub kaus mom qhov loj ntawm tus pinhead tshwm, thiab tom qab ntawd nceb.

Yuav ua li cas nce cov qoob loo ntawm nceb nyob rau hauv lub vaj

Cov qoob loo ntawm nceb loj hlob los ntawm kev yuav mycelium tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Piv txwv li, roj hauv ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem sau tau 6 - 17 daim, boletus thiab boletus - 5 - 15 pieces, porcini nceb - 2 - 5 kg, shiitake - txog li 4 kg ib lub log, oyster nceb - 20 - 50% ntawm cov qhov hnyav ntawm lub log.

Tab sis yog tias koj xav kom nce cov qoob loo ntawm nceb, nqa av los ntawm hav zoov. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nrhiav ib qho chaw nrog mycelium txaus siab rau peb, piv txwv li, dawb lossis oily, ua tib zoo tshem cov av 15 cm tuab thiab coj mus rau koj qhov chaw. Thiab ntawm qhov chaw, tshem tawm cov sod ntawm raws nraim qhov loj me thiab muab cov av hav zoov rau ntawm qhov chaw no. Thiab twb nyob rau nws sow lub muas mycelium.

Los ntawm txoj kev, koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav mycelium. Nqa cov nceb qub los yog wormy los ntawm hav zoov, chop nws lub kaus mom, sib tov nrog cov hmoov av ntoo thiab muab faib rau hauv qab ntoo. Thiab tom qab ib pliag, nceb yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw no.

Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb

Peb tham txog kev loj hlob nceb nrog Agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova - nws qhia cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev loj hlob ntau hom nceb.

Hauv cov ntoo twg tuaj yeem cog porcini nceb?

Hauv cov chaw ua vaj tsev, koj tuaj yeem yuav mycelium ntawm 2 hom porcini nceb. Dawb nceb ntoo qhib yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib, linden thiab beech los yog hornbeam nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam. Dawb fungus ntoo thuv - hauv qab pines. Ntxiv mus, cov ntoo yuav tsum yog cov hluas - tsis muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 10 xyoo.

Hauv qab tsob ntoo twg tuaj yeem cog ntoo ntoo?

Oaks thiab birch yog tsim rau dubovik, thiab beeches nyob rau sab qab teb. Lub hnub nyoog zoo ntawm cov ntoo rau kev yug me nyuam cov fungus yog 6 xyoo.

Hauv cov ntoo twg tuaj yeem cog chanterelles?

Chanterelles loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ntoo - nyob ntawd lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.

Hauv cov ntoo twg tuaj yeem loj hlob truffles?

Truffle yog dawb, uas yog nws cov mycelium feem ntau yog muag hauv cov chaw hauv vaj, loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas oaks thiab hazel. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv lub beeches.

Yuav ua li cas cog tsob ntoo oyster nceb?

Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj mycelium ntawm ntau hom oyster nceb, thiab txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej nyiam: 

- zoo tib yam, Indian, liab dawb - birch, poplar, willow, alder, aspen, ntoo qhib, maple, chestnut, beech, hornbeam;

- txiv qaub thiab Colombian - birch, willow, poplar, maple, roob tshauv, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, beech.

Yuav ua li cas tsob ntoo nceb tuaj yeem loj hlob?

Autumn thiab lub caij ntuj sov nceb tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov ntoo qhib, birch, alder, poplar, tshauv, maple, beech, hornbeam thiab chestnut.

Qhov chaw ntawm

  1. Alekseenko EN, Polishko TM, Vinnikov AI Nta ntawm kev loj hlob mycelium ntawm fungi Plearotus ostreatus // Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2010

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vyraschivaniya-mitseliya-gribov-plearotus-ostreatus

  2. Komin PA Artificial cultivation ntawm shiitake nceb (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) on coniferous sawdust // Bulletin ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 2016

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennoe-vyraschivanie-griba-shiitake-lentinula-edodes-berk-pegler-na-hvoynyh-opilkah

  3. Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Lub vaj los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.

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