Ua ntej, ob peb qhov tseeb txog kev poob zaub mov raws li Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO):
· Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov khoom noj uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog nkim. Qhov no yog kwv yees li 1,3 billion tons ntawm zaub mov hauv ib xyoos.
· Kwv yees li ntawm $ 680 billion tus nqi ntawm cov zaub mov raug nkim ib xyoos ib zaug nyob rau hauv industrialized lub teb chaws; nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas tab tom loj hlob - los ntawm 310 billion dollars ib xyoo.
· Industrialized lub teb chaws thiab cov teb chaws uas tab tom tsim pov tseg kwv yees li tib yam khoom noj - feem 670 thiab 630 lab tons hauv ib xyoos.
· Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, nrog rau cov hauv paus hniav thiab tubers, feem ntau muab pov tseg.
· Ib tus neeg, cov neeg siv khoom noj pov tseg yog 95-115 kg ib xyoos twg hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America, thaum cov neeg siv khoom hauv sub-Saharan Africa thiab South thiab Southeast Asia pov tseg tsuas yog 6-11 kg ib xyoos.
· Ntawm cov khw muag khoom, ntau cov zaub mov raug nkim vim nws tsis zoo rau sab nraud. Qhov no feem ntau siv rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag sab nraud tsis yog yuav tau yooj yim raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "tso" zoo thiab xim.
· Khoom noj khoom haus khib nyiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, xws li dej, av, lub zog, kev ua haujlwm thiab peev. Tsis tas li ntawd, overproduction ntawm cov zaub mov ua rau lub tsev xog paj emissions tsis tsim nyog. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem contributes rau lub ntiaj teb no warming.
· Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev ua liaj ua teb suav nrog ib feem tsib thiab ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions. FAO kwv yees tias 4,4 gigatonnes ntawm carbon dioxide raug pov tseg los ntawm zaub mov txhua xyoo. Qhov ntawd yog ntau tshaj li Is Nrias teb tag nrho cov CO2 emissions txhua xyoo thiab ze li ntau npaum li lub ntiaj teb cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions los ntawm kev thauj mus los.
· Txawm tias tsuas yog 25% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj khib nyiab tuaj yeem cawm tau, qhov ntawd yuav txaus rau 870 lab tus tib neeg. Tam sim no, 800 lab tus tib neeg raug kev tshaib kev nqhis.
· Txhua xyoo peb xav tau 14 lab square kilometers ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb los tsim cov zaub mov uas muab pov tseg. Qhov no tsuas yog me ntsis tsawg tshaj li tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
· Hauv cov teb chaws tsim, 40% ntawm poob tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tom qab sau cov khoom. Hauv cov teb chaws uas muaj kev lag luam, ntau dua 40% ntawm kev poob tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Ntawd yog, hauv cov tebchaws nplua nuj, cov neeg siv khoom lawv tus kheej pov tseg (feem ntau tsis tau kov) cov zaub mov. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws txom nyem, zaub mov pov tseg yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tsis zoo, kev tsim kho tsis zoo, thiab kev lag luam ntim khoom tsis zoo. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws nplua nuj kev vam meej yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev poob khoom noj, thaum nyob hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem nws yog qhov tsis muaj kev vam meej uas yog lub luag haujlwm.
Yuav ua li cas yuav ua li cas?
Yuav ua li cas txo cov zaub mov pov tseg ntawm theem ntawm koj chav ua noj? Nov yog qee cov lus qhia tswv yim:
· Tsis txhob mus yuav khoom thaum lub plab khoob. Tsis txhob siv lub laub loj hauv lub khw, nqa lub pob tawb hloov.
· Sau ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom tsim nyog ua ntej, sib txawv ntawm nws tsawg li sai tau.
· Ua ntej koj yuav khoom noj ntawm tus nqi "zoo", xav seb koj puas yuav noj cov zaub mov no tiag tiag nyob rau yav tom ntej.
· Siv cov phiaj me me. Cov neeg feem ntau muab zaub mov ntau rau ntawm daim phiaj loj dua li lawv noj tau. Ib yam mus rau cov khw muag khoom hauv khw noj mov.
· Yog tias koj tsis tau noj ib yam dab tsi hauv lub tsev noj mov, thov kom cov khoom seem ntim rau koj.
· Tso siab rau koj tus kheej saj thiab tsis hnov tsw hauv kev txiav txim hnub tas sij hawm. Cov neeg siv khoom qee zaum xav tias cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj hnub tsis zoo noj, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom noj uas ploj mus (xws li nqaij thiab ntses).
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev khaws cia.
Yuav khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub li cas
Yog tias cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau ntim rau hauv ntim tshwj xeeb thiab koj tsis npaj yuav noj tam sim ntawd, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso lawv rau hauv lub ntim. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Qee hom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia hauv lub tub yees, thaum lwm tus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia ntawm lub tub yees.
Khaws txiv lws suav sab nraum lub tub yees hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav. Los ntawm txoj kev, noj cov txiv lws suav nkaus xwb. Txiv lws suav Unripe muaj cov tshuaj tomatine, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Dos sai sai nqus dej noo thiab rot, yog li khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav. Los ntawm txoj kev, dos kuj nqus cov tsw, nrog rau cov aroma ntawm qej, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los khaws lawv cais.
Lub caij ntuj no carrots, parsnips, thiab celery paus muaj lub neej ntev heev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav ntawm 12-15 ° C.
Qos yaj ywm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus, txias.
Khaws eggplants, cucumbers, thiab peppers tawm ntawm lub tub yees, tab sis deb ntawm txiv lws suav thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Eggplants tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab rau ethylene, ib qho roj uas tsim los ntawm txiv tsawb, pears, txiv apples, thiab txiv lws suav. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm ethylene, eggplants tau npog nrog cov pob tsaus thiab ua iab hauv saj.
Cucumbers qhuav nyob rau hauv lub tub yees. Feem ntau cucumbers yog muag nyob rau hauv ib zaj duab xis. Tsis txhob muab tshem tawm vim nws txuas lub txee lub neej ntev li ib lub lim tiam.
Cov zaub ntsuab, xws li lettuce thiab chicory, thiab zaub cruciferous (caiflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, daikon, radishes, turnips) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees.
Tib yam mus rau celery stalks thiab leeks.
Txiv qaub thiab lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj sab nraum lub tub yees. Qhov nruab nrab txee lub neej ntawm citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 14 hnub.
Txiv tsawb thiab lwm yam kab txawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug kev txom nyem los ntawm txias. Yog tias lawv khaws cia ntawm qhov kub qis dua 7 ° C, tom qab ntawd kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes pib, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo maj mam poob dej thiab tuaj yeem rot.
Grapes yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia hauv lub tub yees. Nyob ntawd nws yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv qhov siv tau rau xya hnub, thiab tawm ntawm lub tub yees - tsuas yog peb mus rau plaub hnub. Khaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau hauv ib lub hnab ntawv los yog ntawm lub phaj.
Apples yuav kav ntev li peb lub lis piam hauv lub tub yees ntev dua li ntawm lub tub yees.
Tev zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees. Qhov no siv tau rau txhua hom.
Yuav khaws cov khoom siv mis li cas
Tsev cheese, mis nyuj, yogurt thiab lwm yam khoom siv mis nyuj muaj hnub tas sij hawm. Txog hnub tim no, cov chaw tsim khoom tau lav zoo. Tom qab hnub tas sij hawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav deteriorate. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv mis nyuj feem ntau haum rau kev noj rau ob peb hnub tom qab hnub uas tau teev tseg rau ntawm pob. Siv koj qhov pom, hnov tsw, thiab saj kom pom tias cov khoom puas tseem zoo. Qhib yogurt tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tub yees li 5-7 hnub, mis nyuj - 3-5 hnub.
Zoo, ua li cas txog pwm? Cov zaub mov tuaj yeem tuaj yeem khaws cia?
Pwm yog "noble" thiab teeb meem. Thawj yog siv hauv kev tsim cov cheese zoo li Gorgonzola thiab Brie. Cov pwm no tuaj yeem noj tau. Cov pwm zoo kuj muaj xws li penicillin. Cov pwm tas li yog teeb meem, lossis txawm tias muaj teeb meem heev. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem heev uas suav nrog pwm ntawm cereals, txiv ntseej, txiv laum huab xeeb thiab pob kws.
Yuav ua li cas yog pwm tau kis ntawm cov zaub mov? Qee cov zaub mov tuaj yeem khaws cia ib nrab, tab sis feem ntau yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Koj tuaj yeem txuag cov cheese nyuaj (parmesan, cheddar) thiab zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo (carrots, zaub qhwv). Txiav tawm tag nrho saum npoo uas muaj kab mob pwm, ntxiv rau tsawg kawg ib centimeter ntau dua. Muab cov zaub mov ua tiav rau hauv cov tais diav huv lossis ntawv. Tab sis moldy qhob cij, cov khoom siv mis nyuj mos, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, jam thiab preserves yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
Nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no. Kev huv huv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov pwm. Pwm spores los ntawm cov zaub mov tsis huv tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim rau koj lub tub yees, cov phuam da dej hauv chav ua noj, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav sab hauv lub tub yees txhua ob peb lub hlis nrog kev daws ntawm baking soda (1 tablespoon rau ib khob dej). Khaws cov ntaub so ntswg, phuam da dej, sponges, mops huv si. Cov ntxhiab tsw phem txhais tau tias pwm nyob hauv lawv. Muab pov tseg tag nrho cov khoom hauv chav ua noj uas tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav tau tag nrho.