Hyperkinesis nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus

Txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau ntseeg tias hyperkinesis yog qhov txawv ntawm neurosis. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb hauv neurology tau pab txiav txim siab tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob loj heev.

Dab tsi yog hyperkinesis

Hyperkinesis yog lub cev muaj zog hnyav heev uas tshwm sim tawm tsam tus neeg mob lub siab nyiam. Cov no muaj xws li tshee ( tshee hnyo), lwm yam txav.

Ua rau hyperkinesis hauv cov neeg laus

Hyperkinesis tsis yog kab mob, tab sis yog ib qho mob (ib txheej ntawm cov tsos mob, tshwm sim). Lawv yog cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb vim:

• kev mob caj ceg tsis zoo;
• organic kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb;
• ntau yam mob hnyav;
• mob toxicosis;
• raug mob taub hau;
• kev phiv los ntawm tej yam tshuaj;
• degenerative kev hloov.

Hyperkinesis vim qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 pawg:

Primary - cov no yog cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha: Wilson's disease, Huntington's chorea, olivopontocerebellar degeneration.

Secondary - lawv tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem, kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb tau txais thaum lub neej (kev raug mob hauv lub hlwb, mob hlwb, mob ntsws, carbon monoxide lom, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cawv, thyrotoxicosis, rheumatism, qog, thiab lwm yam).

Xuam hlwb - cov no yog hyperkinesia uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws mob, mob ntev - hysterical neuroses, psychoses, ntxhov siab vim. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsawg heev, tab sis tsis suav nrog.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm hyperkinesis hauv cov neeg laus

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm pathology yog lub cev muaj zog uas tshwm sim tawm tsam qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg nws tus kheej. Lawv tau piav raws li qhov xav tsis thoob xav txav mus rau qhov txawv txav no. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov tsos mob ntxiv uas yog cov kab mob hauv qab. Feem ntau manifestations:

• Ntshai los yog tshee - alternating contractions ntawm cov leeg flexor-extensor, muaj ob qho tib si siab thiab qis amplitude. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, ploj mus thaum lub sijhawm txav los yog so (lossis, hloov pauv, nce ntxiv).
• Ntshai tic - ntse, jerky nqaij contractions nrog tsawg amplitude. Tics feem ntau yog nyob hauv ib pab pawg leeg, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib nrab los ntawm kev mob siab rau. Muaj blinking, twitching ntawm kaum ntawm lub qhov muag, blinking, tig ntawm lub taub hau, contraction ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub qhov ncauj, xub pwg.
• Myoclonus - contractions nyob rau hauv ib tug chaotic yam ntawm cov leeg nqaij fibers. Vim lawv, qee cov leeg nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog, jerks.
• Chorea - tsis-rhythmic jerky taw uas tsim nrog ib tug loj amplitude. Nrog rau lawv, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau txav arbitrarily, lawv feem ntau pib nrog cov ceg.
• ballism - ntse thiab involuntary rotational txav nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom los yog lub duav, vim hais tias tus ceg ceg ua rau ntuav.
• Ntsha - ib tug ntse involuntary kaw ntawm daim tawv muag vim qhov nce ntawm cov leeg nqaij.
• Oromandibular dystonia - Tsis txhob kaw lub puab tsaig nrog qhib qhov ncauj thaum zom, luag lossis hais lus.
• Sau spasm – ib tug ntse contraction ntawm cov leeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe tes thaum sau ntawv, feem ntau nrog rau trembling ntawm tes.
• Athetosis - qeeb wriggling txav ntawm cov ntiv tes, ko taw, tes, ntsej muag.
• Torsion dystonia - qeeb twisting txav ntawm lub cev.
• Lub ntsej muag hemispasm - nqaij spasm pib nrog ib puas xyoo, dhau mus rau tag nrho ib nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag.

Hom hyperkinesis hauv cov neeg laus

Hyperkinesia yog txawv, nyob ntawm seb ib feem ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab txoj kev extrapyramidal puas lawm. Variants txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov hu ua "mob qauv", lub sijhawm tshwm sim thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov kev txav no.

Neurologists paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau pawg ntawm hyperkinesis, raws li qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub hauv paus pathological.

Kev puas tsuaj hauv cov txheej txheem subcortical - lawv cov kev tshwm sim yuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chorea, torsion dystonia, athetosis los yog ballism. Tib neeg kev txav mus los yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev sib dhos, tsis yooj yim, txav txawv txav, cov leeg tsis muaj zog (dystonia) thiab kev hloov pauv dav hauv kev txav.

Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb qia - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav muaj ib tug raug tshee ( tshee tshee), qhov tsos ntawm myorhythmias, tics, lub ntsej muag spasms, myoclonus. Lawv yog cov cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib dhos, kev txav yog qhov yooj yim thiab stereotyped.

Kev puas tsuaj rau cortical thiab subcortical qauv - lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qaug dab peg, generalized hyperkinesis, Hunt's dyssynergy, moclonus.

Yog tias peb xav txog qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav uas tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• Cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev ntawm hyperkinesia yog tremors, tics, ballism, chorea lossis myoclonus - lawv feem ntau txo cov leeg nqaij;
• Cov ntaub ntawv qeeb yog torsion dystonias, athetosis - cov leeg nqaij feem ntau nce nrog lawv.

Raws li lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• spontaneous hyperkinesis - lawv tshwm sim ntawm lawv tus kheej, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib yam dab tsi;
• kev txhawb nqa hyperkinesis - lawv provoked los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho kev txav, kev saws me nyuam ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia;
• reflex hyperkinesis - lawv tshwm sim raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau sab nraud stimuli (kov qee cov ntsiab lus, tapping ntawm cov leeg);
• induced yog ib feem volitional txav, lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib theem.

Nrog kev khiav:

• kev txav tsis tu ncua uas tuaj yeem ploj mus thaum pw tsaug zog (qhov no yog, piv txwv li, tshee lossis athetosis);
• paroxysmal, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm txwv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm (cov no yog tics, myoclonus).

Kev kho mob ntawm hyperkinesis hauv cov neeg laus

Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm hyperkinesis zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab lawv cov laj thawj. Tus kws kho mob sau tseg qhov tsis txaus siab txav lawv tus kheej thaum kuaj thiab qhia meej nrog tus neeg mob. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qib twg ntawm lub paj hlwb raug cuam tshuam thiab seb nws puas tuaj yeem rov qab los.

diagnostics

Lub hom phiaj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb suav nrog kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob neurologist. Tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam hom hyperkinesis, txiav txim siab cov tsos mob, kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev txawj ntse. Kuj nominated:

• EEG - txhawm rau ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab tshawb nrhiav pathological foci;
• Electroneuromyography - txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov leeg nqaij;
• MRI lossis CT ntawm lub hlwb - txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov kab mob organic: hematomas, qog, o;
• Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntshav cerebral ntws siv ultrasound ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab, MRI;
• biochemical kuaj ntshav thiab zis;
• genetic counseling.

Kev kho mob niaj hnub

Nrog rau kev hais tawm kinetic tivthaiv ntawm kev tshee, nrog rau kev tshee ntawm lub taub hau thiab lub suab folds, clonazepam zoo.

Rau cerebellar tremor, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau kho, GABAergic tshuaj feem ntau yog siv, raws li zoo raws li lub cev hnyav nrog ib tug bracelet.

Kev tiv thaiv hyperkinesis hauv cov neeg laus hauv tsev

"Tsis muaj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob," hais ntxiv Neurologist Valentina Kuzmina. - Kev tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm yog tsom rau kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv txoj kev ua neej - khoom noj khoom haus zoo, txoj cai so thiab ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.

Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb

Vim li cas hyperkinesis yog qhov txaus ntshai, thaum koj xav tau mus ntsib kws kho mob, txawm tias koj yuav tsum noj tshuaj thiab seb koj puas tuaj yeem kho koj tus kheej, nws hais. Neurologist Valentina Kuzmina.