Kev hais lus tsis zoo suav nrog txhua yam kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub peev xwm hais lus tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev sib txuas lus. Lawv tuaj yeem yog keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis lub cev (lub paj hlwb, lub cev, thiab lwm yam), hais txog kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis kuj tseem yog lub ntsiab lus (nyuaj nco qab lo lus raug, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, thiab lwm yam).

Qhov sib txawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov lus tsis sib xws tshwm sim hauv menyuam yaus, uas tsis zoo lossis qeeb hauv kev nrhiav cov lus, thiab teeb meem cuam tshuam rau cov laus hauv txoj kev thib ob (tom qab mob hlab ntsha tawg, piv txwv li, lossis tom qab mob stroke). Nws kwv yees tias kwv yees li 5% ntawm cov menyuam ntawm ib pab pawg hnub nyoog muaj teeb meem kev txhim kho lus.

Kev hais lus tsis meej thiab lawv qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Ntawm qhov feem ntau yog:

• aphasia (lossis mutism): poob peev xwm hais lus lossis nkag siab hom lus, sau lossis hais lus
• dysphasia: teeb meem kev txhim kho lus hauv menyuam yaus, sau thiab hais lus
• dysarthria: teeb meem sib koom vim lub hlwb puas lossis puas tsuaj rau ntau yam kabmob ntawm kev hais lus
• stuttering: hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg (rov hais dua thiab thaiv, feem ntau ntawm thawj lub suab lus ntawm cov lus)
• buccofacial apraxia: tsis meej pem hauv kev txav ntawm lub qhov ncauj, tus nplaig thiab cov leeg uas tso cai rau koj hais lus meej
• dyslexia: sau lus tsis meej
• la spasmodic dysphonia : lub suab tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaws ntawm cov suab (laryngeal dystonia)
• dysphonia: teeb meem lub suab (suab nrov nrov, lub suab tsis tsim nyog lossis siv zog, thiab lwm yam)

Cov teeb meem hais lus thiab hais lus tsis sib haum ua ke ntau lub koom haum nrog ntau yam ua rau.

Cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, nqaij leeg lossis lub paj hlwb keeb kwm, lub paj hlwb, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog vim li no tsis yooj yim sua teev tag nrho cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lus.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev hais lus qeeb thiab tsis meej tuaj yeem txuas nrog, ntawm lwm tus:

• lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov ​​lus
• kev tsis sib haum xeeb lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
• tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub cev hais lus
• tsis tshua muaj kab mob paj hlwb lossis lub paj hlwb puas
• neurodevelopmental teeb meem (autism)
• kev txawj ntse tsis txaus
• mus rau qhov tsis tau txiav txim siab ua (ntau zaus)

Hauv cov neeg laus lossis menyuam yaus uas poob lawv lub peev xwm los qhia lawv tus kheej, qhov ua rau tshwm sim feem ntau yog (ntawm lwm tus):

• puas siab puas ntsws los yog raug mob
• kev raug mob ntawm cerebral vascular
• lub taub hau raug mob
• lub hlwb hlav
• kab mob paj hlwb xws li: ntau yam sclerosis, Parkinson tus kab mob, amyotrophic ib sab sclerosis, dementias ...
• tuag tes tuag taw lossis tsis muaj zog ntawm lub ntsej muag nqaij
• Lyme kab mob
• mob qog noj ntshav (cuam tshuam rau lub suab)
• benign lesions ntawm lub suab hu (nodule, polyp, thiab lwm yam)

Lus yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus. Nyuaj rau kev nrhiav tau cov lus thiab hauv nws txoj kev txawj tuaj yeem, hauv menyuam yaus, hloov kev txhim kho ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab kev muaj peev xwm kev txawj ntse, cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev kawm tau zoo, lawv kev sib koom ua ke, thiab lwm yam.

Hauv cov neeg laus, poob peev xwm ntawm kev paub lus, tom qab muaj teeb meem txog paj hlwb, piv txwv li, nyuaj heev nyob nrog. Qhov no tuaj yeem txiav nws tawm ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab txhawb kom nws cais nws tus kheej, cuam tshuam nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog.

 Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lus tsis sib xws hauv cov neeg laus yog ib qho cim ntawm kev puas hlwb lossis lub paj hlwb puas tsuaj: yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau txhawj xeeb thiab sab laj tam sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog kev hloov pauv tshwm sim sai.

Cov teeb meem lus coj ua ke ntau qhov chaw thiab kab mob: thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem yog kom tau txais kev kuaj mob, txawm tias tom tsev kho mob lossis los ntawm tus kws kho mob hais lus.

Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej no, hauv menyuam yaus, kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab hauv kev hais lus yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas tiav uas yuav ua rau muaj lus pom zoo rau kev rov kho thiab kho mob.

Yog tias qhov teeb meem tsis zoo (lisp, tsis muaj lo lus), nws yuav pom zoo kom tos, tshwj xeeb hauv menyuam yaus.

Hauv cov neeg laus, kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb lossis kab mob paj hlwb ua rau muaj teeb meem lus yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm pab pawg tshwj xeeb kev qhuab qhia. Kev kho kom rov zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb yog tom qab mob hlab ntsha tawg.