Leukemia

Leukemia yog dab tsi

Leukemia los yog leukemia yog ib yam kab mob malignant ntawm hematopoietic system. Yuav kom meej meej - cov pob txha pob txha thiab lymphatic system, thiab tseem hu ua ntshav qog noj ntshav. Leukemia feem ntau hu ua ntshav qog ntshav.

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov qe ntshav nyob rau hauv tas li mus. Siv cov hlwb tuag, thiab cov tshiab yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha stem cells. Tshiab progenitor cells thawj zaug faib thiab tom qab ntawd loj hlob mus rau hauv cov hlwb tag nrho. Hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv, muaj kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv, cov tuag thiab cov hlwb tsim tshiab. Tab sis hauv cov neeg mob leukemia, qhov nyiaj tshuav no cuam tshuam ntau heev. Cov kab mob tshiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau qib ntawm cov hlwb tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leukemia, lawv ua ntau thiab ntau.

Muaj plaub hom mob leukemia.

• Mob lymphoblastic leukemia. Hom no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus.
• Mob myeloid leukemia.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus dua 55 xyoo thiab tau tshaj tawm hauv ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm tib tsev neeg.
• Chronic myeloid leukemia.

Ua rau mob leukemia hauv cov laus

Tsis paub meej qhov ua rau tus kab mob no. Tab sis cov laj thawj tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• raug mob hnyav (xws li radiotherapy);
• raug rau carcinogens (piv txwv li, benzene);
• kab mob;
• qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob (hereditary predisposition).

Cov tsos mob ntawm leukemia hauv cov laus

Oncologist Dina Sakaeva qhia txog ntau yam tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob:

• ntshav tsis txaus;
• hemorrhagic syndrome, vim tias tsis muaj platelets txaus hauv lub cev;
• los ntshav;
• nqaij tawv;
• hemorrhage nyob rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias - nyob rau hauv tus nplaig, daim tawv nqaij;
• qhov tsos ntawm me me dots thiab me ntsis;
• kub nce;
• xeev siab, ntuav;
• tsis qab los noj mov;
• poob phaus;
• cov tsos mob ntawm metastases, thaum cov qog hlwb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Cov theem ntawm leukemia hauv cov laus

Qib 1. Hauv thawj theem ntawm leukemia, mob qog noj ntshav nkag mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, uas nce qhov loj. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob loj ntawm nws tus kheej.

Qib 2. Hauv qhov no, lub siab lossis tus po, lossis ob qho tib si tib lub sijhawm, nce hauv cov neeg mob. Cov tsos mob no tshwm sim vim qhov nce ntawm cov lymphocytes hauv cov kabmob no.

Qib 3. Nws raug kuaj pom thaum tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib (cov qib hemoglobin tsis tshaj 10 units).

Qib 4. Hauv qhov no, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib qis ntawm platelets, lossis thrombocytopenia. Tus naj npawb ntawm platelets hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav tsis tshaj 100 txhiab.

Kev kho mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus

Yog tias tsis kho, leukemia tuaj yeem ua rau tuag hauv ib hlis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pib kho raws sij hawm.

Kws khomob yog lub hauv paus tsim nyog rau txhua hom kev kho mob leukemia. "Chemistry" tawm tsam cov kab mob leukemia ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav.

Radiation therapy - Cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob yog siv los rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov qog ntshav qog, spleen. Hom kev kho no yog siv ua ntej cov pob txha pob txha thiab qia cell transplantation.

Targeted Therapy siv hauv CML (tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibits cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb leukemic), tab sis kev siv tshuaj khomob thiab kev kho interferon kuj tseem siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho kom tiav tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev hloov pob txha pob txha los ntawm tus neeg pub noj qab haus huv.

Hloov hlwb pob txha - Kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha. Cov neeg pub dawb tuaj yeem yog cov kwv tij ntawm cov neeg mob.

diagnostics

Kev teem sijhawm nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist pib nrog kev sib tham nrog tus neeg mob. Tus kws kho mob pom qhov nthuav dav ntawm tus neeg mob cov lus tsis txaus siab, keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob thiab lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob, muaj cov kab mob pathology nyob rau tom ntej ntawm cov txheeb ze. Tom ntej no, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kab ke thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev pib txheeb xyuas cov kev ua txhaum cai: txhawm rau palpate pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav, thaj tsam ntawm uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe siab thiab tus po, vim lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Ntshav qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm:

• CBC: Yog tias koj muaj mob qog noj ntshav, nws yuav pom qhov nce hauv cov qe ntshav dawb thiab txo qis hauv lwm cov qe ntshav.
• coagulogram - tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav coagulation tsis.
• immunogram - kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tsis tas li, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov kev kuaj mob ntxiv los txiav txim seb hom / theem ntawm cov qog ntshav ntshav:

• puncture biopsy ntawm cov pob txha pob txha nrog kev kuaj histological tom ntej;
• puncture biopsy ntawm lymph nodes;
• spinal puncture - txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov qe ntshav tsis paub qab hau, txheeb xyuas lawv thiab txiav txim siab rhiab heev rau qee yam tshuaj kho mob.
• kuaj ultrasound (ultrasound);
• xam tomography (CT);
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus hauv tsev

Txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob leukemia tsis tau tsim. Oncologists tsuas yog qhia kom ua lub neej noj qab haus huv, uas suav nrog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, ua haujlwm lub cev, so txaus thiab pw tsaug zog, thiab txo kev ntxhov siab. Cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo (muaj cov hauv tsev neeg uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav) yuav tsum tau kuaj tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug thiab saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb

Cov lus teb Dina Sakaeva, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Tus Kws Kho Mob hauv Oncology, Xib Fwb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj Kho Mob nrog Chav Kawm hauv Kev Kho Mob Pharmacology, Tus Tswv Cuab ntawm RUSSCO, Tus Kws Kho Mob Sciences: