Lymphocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb (leukocytes) uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob tam sim no hauv lub cev.

Zauv thiab qhov loj ntawm lymphocytes

LLymphocytes yog cov cell me. Lawv muaj ntau tus thiab sawv cev ntawm 20 txog 40% ntawm cov leukocytes circulating hauv lub cev.

Kev faib tawm ntawm ntau hom lymphocytes

Feem ntau muaj peb pawg ntawm lymphocytes:

• B cov lymphocytes ;
• T lymphocytes ;
• Cov lymphocytes NK.

Synthesis thiab maturation ntawm lymphocytes

Kev sib txuas thiab ua kom tiav ntawm lymphocytes tshwm sim hauv ob hom kabmob:

• thawj cov qog ntshav hauv, ntawm cov pob txha pob txha thiab thymus yog ib feem;
• ob leeg lymphoid plab hnyuv siab raum, los yog ib puag ncig, uas suav nrog tshwj xeeb cov qog ntshav thiab qog ntshav.

Zoo li txhua tus leukocytes, lymphocytes tau sib sau ua ke hauv pob txha pob txha. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsiv mus rau lwm cov kabmob hauv lub cev kom txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev loj hlob. Kev sib txawv ntawm T lymphocytes tshwm sim hauv cov thymus thaum kev loj hlob ntawm B lymphocytes tshwm sim hauv cov qog ntshav qog thib ob.

Qhov chaw thiab ncig ntawm lymphocytes

Zoo li cov qe ntshav liab (cov qe ntshav liab) thiab thrombocytes (platelets), lymphocytes tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv ntshav. Zoo li txhua tus leukocytes, lawv kuj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm hauv qog. Lymphocytes kuj tseem nyob ntawm qib ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab lymphoid kabmob.

Lymphocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv lub cev, txhua hom lymphocyte ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov kab mob.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm NK lymphocytes hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

NK lymphocytes, lossis NK cells, koom nrog hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog lub cev thawj qhov lus teb los tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog tam sim ntawd thiab cuam tshuam nrog NK lymphocytes, nws lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov cell puas xws li cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm B thiab T lymphocytes hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob

B thiab T lymphocytes koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis zoo li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm lub cev, theem ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob no hu ua tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev lees paub thiab cim xeeb ntawm cov kab mob, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov leukocytes suav nrog:

• B hlwb uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov protein nyuaj nrog lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb lees paub thiab ua kom cov kab mob cuam tshuam;
• T hlwb uas paub thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune

Kab mob autoimmune yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm B cells. Hauv cov kab mob autoimmune, cov cell no tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tawm tsam cov cell hauv lub cev.

Muaj cov kab mob autoimmune sib txawv xws li:

• mob caj dab rheumatoid ;
• ntau yam sclerosis ;
• ntaus 1 mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tus Kab Mob Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo (AIDS), HIV yog kab mob uas tawm tsam cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tshwj xeeb yog T lymphocytes. Qhov tom kawg tsis tuaj yeem ua lawv txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntxiv, uas nthuav tawm lub cev los ntawm cov mob yooj yim qhov tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav.

Cov qog nqaij hlav cuam tshuam rau lymphocytes

Lymphocytes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum:

• cov mob ntsws, mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic;
• a leukemia, mob qog noj ntshav cuam tshuam rau cov cell hauv cov pob txha;
• ib myeloma, mob qog noj ntshav hematologic;
• Waldenström tus kab mob, mob qog noj ntshav tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau B lymphocytes.

Kev tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem

Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob HIV, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau lymphocytes. Tiv thaiv AIDS pib nrog kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog thaum sib deev.

Kho mob

Kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob txawv txav. Piv txwv li, thaum kis mob HIV, muaj kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias pom tias muaj qog nqaij hlav, yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj kho mob lossis kho hluav taws xob.

Kev phais mob

Hauv qhov mob hnyav dua, yuav tsum tau phais. Hauv cov kab mob leukemia, kev hloov pauv pob txha tuaj yeem tshwj xeeb.

hemograms

Kev suav ntshav ua rau nws ua tau los ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav, suav nrog lymphocytes.

Thaum kuaj ntshav no, qib lymphocyte raug txiav txim siab yog tias nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1,5 txog 4 g / L.

Kev txhais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas ob hom lymphocyte txawv txav:

• tsis tshua muaj lymphocyte suav, thaum nws tsawg dua 1 g / L, uas yog lub cim ntawm lymphopenia;
• siab lymphocyte suav, thaum nws ntau dua 5 g / L, uas yog lub cim ntawm lymphocytosis, tseem hu ua hyperlymphocytosis.

Myelogram

Myelogram yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Nws ntsuas kev tsim cov qe ntshav dawb suav nrog lymphocytes.

Tso zis kuaj cytobacteriological (ECBU)

Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas qhov muaj cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov zis. Qib siab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb yog ib qho qhia txog tus mob.

Keeb kwm ntawm chav kawm B lymphocyte

Muaj ntau qhov kev txhais lus rau tsab ntawv "B". Qee leej ntseeg tias lub npe no yuav txuas nrog cov pob txha pob txha, qhov twg B lymphocytes tau tsim. Hauv Askiv, pob txha pob txha hu ua "Pob txha pob txha". Qhov kev piav qhia thib ob, uas zoo li qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, yuav cuam tshuam nrog bursa ntawm Fabricius, thawj lub qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev muaj nyob hauv noog. Nws yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm lub cev no uas tau txheeb xyuas B lymphocytes.

Keeb kwm ntawm T cell chav kawm

Lub hauv paus ntawm tsab ntawv "T" yog qhov yooj yim. Nws hais txog thymus, thawj cov qog ntshav lymphoid qhov twg T lymphocyte maturation tshwm sim.

Keeb kwm ntawm chav kawm NK lymphocyte

Cov tsiaj ntawv "NK" yog lub npe pib ua lus Askiv rau "Ntuj Killer". Qhov no hais txog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm NK lymphocytes.