Koj tuaj yeem loj hlob ntau hom nceb ntawm koj tus kheej. Thiab morels yog tsis muaj kev zam. Loj hlob lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub vaj teb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tsim txaj los yog cultivated cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov yog ib qho kev zoo siab thiab tsis ua hauj lwm heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm mycelium ntawm morels thiab ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo rau kev cog cov nceb no.
Morels belongs rau Morchkovy (Morshellovy) tsev neeg. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog c. siab, nrog conical, nrog steppe, s. edible (real) thiab morel cap. Tag nrho cov hom no tuaj yeem cog tau.
Morels loj hlob nyob qhov twg thiab lawv zoo li cas?
Hauv cov tsiaj qus, cov nceb ntawm tsev neeg morel loj hlob nyob rau hauv huab cua sov ntawm Northern Hemisphere los ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau Asmeskas, thiab tseem muaj nyob hauv Australia thiab ntawm ntau lub tebchaws nyob rau yav qab teb Hemisphere. Morels loj hlob feem ntau hauv thaj chaw hav zoov, nyiam cov hav zoov dav dav lossis sib xyaw hav zoov, tab sis qee zaum lawv kuj tau cog ntoo ntawm cov ntoo thuv, feem ntau nyob hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab thaj chaw hav zoov. Tag nrho 5 hom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm morels loj hlob hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws, lawv pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw - los ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov-tundra nyob rau sab qab teb mus rau thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe nyob rau sab qaum teb, los ntawm sab hnub poob sab hnub tuaj ntawm European mus rau Far East, Lawv tau dav nyob rau hauv Urals thiab Siberia. Nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Peb Lub Tebchaws, lawv feem ntau cog rau hauv pem hauv ntej vaj thiab cov nyom, nyiam cov av xuab zeb, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv dej nyab, raws ntug dej, lawv nyiam nyob rau hauv clearings thiab hav zoov tshauv.
Morels yog ib txwm suav hais tias yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav nceb, nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm European ib feem ntawm Peb Lub Tebchaws lawv loj hlob txij lub Plaub Hlis - thaum ntxov Tsib Hlis, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb thaj tsam lawv pib txi txiv txij li ib nrab ntawm lub Tsib Hlis mus rau Lub Rau Hli. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo, nceb tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg sov.
Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus, Morels yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm saprophytic fungi, yog li ntawd, fungi ntawm tsev neeg no nyiam fertile calcareous xau rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyom enriched nrog cov nroj tsuag litter, tab sis kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog dumps, feem ntau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv decomposing organic tebchaw.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, morels pib loj hlob hauv lawv lub vaj, chaw ua si thiab tsuas yog hauv txaj twb nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Cov neeg German yog cov thawj zaug pom tias morels loj hlob zoo dua ntawm cov tshauv, thiab pib nchuav tshauv rau saum txaj.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nceb loj hlob, feem ntau yog 3 hom ntawm morels yog cultivated: tiag morel, conical morel thiab morel cap - raws li feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no.
Outwardly, morels saib txawv dua li lwm lub kaus mom nceb. Lub hau ntawm morel, nyob ntawm seb nws hom, muaj ib tug conical los yog ib tug ovoid-puab elongated duab, uas yog them nrog ib tug network ntawm sib sib zog nqus folds. Cov xim ntawm cov nceb txawv ntawm grey-xim av mus rau tsaus chocolate, yuav luag dub. Cov npoo ntawm lub kaus mom nyob rau hauv qee hom adheres rau qia. Lub qia yog cylindrical, zoo li lub hau, hollow hauv.
Qhov siab ntawm fungus mus txog 10 cm. Lub pulp ntawm morel yog tsis yooj yim, tawg yooj yim thiab crumbled, qab ntxiag nyob rau hauv saj, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug pronounced nceb tsw. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab America, lub conical morel yog ib tug delicacy.
Tag nrho cov hom ntawm morels yog suav hais tias yog conditionally edible nceb, haum rau tib neeg noj tom qab lawv ua ntej boiling.
Yuav ua li cas yug Morels
Koj tuaj yeem loj hlob morels siv ib qho ntawm ob lub thev naus laus zis: Fabkis - hauv cov txaj tshwj xeeb tsim - thiab German, hauv vaj. Ob txoj kev muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob nceb, uas yuav tsum muaj thaj chaw loj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab. Kev siv zog ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov fungus ntawm cov as-ham hauv tsev yog tam sim no tau tsim los ntawm Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb, tab sis cov kev cog qoob loo no tseem tsis tau siv dav.
Morels nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyiam thaj chaw zoo nrog cov organic nplua nuj av; nceb yog heev teb rau kev taw qhia ntawm tshauv thiab nutrient-nplua nuj txiv apples rau hauv av. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nceb ntuj uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Fabkis thiab German txoj kev ntawm lawv cov qoob loo.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yug me nyuam hauv ib lub vaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm uXNUMXbuXNUMXbdeciduous hav zoov, qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ntuj los ntawm cov ntoo muab cov nceb nrog rau theem tsim nyog ntawm illumination thiab tib lub sij hawm tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Thaum tsim cov txaj, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nceb tsis kam rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav stagnation dej, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov dej zoo kom ntws cov dej ntws.
Ua ntej koj pib loj hlob morels ntawm qhov chaw, cov av saum toj yuav tsum tau hloov nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb npaj substrate. Nws yog npaj los ntawm vaj av rau paj sib tov nrog sawdust thiab tshauv raws li cov nram qab no mis: rau txhua txhua 10 lub ntim ntawm vaj av, ntxiv ib nrab ntawm lub ntim ntawm sawdust thiab ib tug ntim ntawm tshauv. Cov av npaj sib tov yuav tsum tau sib tov thiab muab tso rau hauv ib txheej 10-centimeter ntawm lub txaj nruab. Lub substrate yuav tsum tau watered ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 litres dej rau txhua XNUMX m ntawm lub txaj.
Raws li nrog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm lwm hom nceb, rau kev cog qoob loo nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov nceb loj hlob tuaj hauv hav zoov, tab sis morel mycelium yuav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab. Tom qab lub txaj tau npaj, lub mycelium tau muab faib rau nws tag nrho saum npoo, tom qab ntawd nws tau npog nrog 6-cm txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshem tawm ntawm lub txaj thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho lub txaj. Cov av yog me ntsis moistened nrog ib tug me me watering tau los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb sprinkler, tom qab uas lub txaj yog them nrog ib tug natural khoom: straw mats, me me ceg ntoo; koj tuaj yeem siv, raws li Fabkis ua, kua pomace.
Tom qab sowing lub txaj nrog mycelium, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov qib noo ntawm substrate. Raws li cov av dries li, nws yuav tsum tau moistened nrog tshwj xeeb nutrient concentrates uas txhawb accelerate thiab txhim khu kev loj hlob ntawm fungi. Ib qho ntawm cov tebchaw no, hu ua Baikal-EM-1, yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb hauv tsev. Txhawm rau txhim kho fruiting, lub txaj yog sprinkled on to top nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm tshauv. Thaum siv cov kua pomace, cov tshauv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntxiv. Fruiting tshwm sim ib xyoos tom qab sowing, kav nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw ntawm 3 mus rau 5 xyoo, thiab xyaum tsis xav tau cov nqi loj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau me me nceb ua liaj ua teb los yog amateur nceb nceb. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, txaj sown nrog mycelium yuav tsum tau npog nrog straw, nyom, thiab nplooj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tam sim ntawd tom qab daus melts thiab qhov zoo kub yog tsim, no tiv thaiv npog raug tshem tawm, tawm hauv ib tug nyias txheej ntawm cov khoom cog. Raws li txoj cai, 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab tshem tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv npog, cov nceb pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Morels tau sau ua tib zoo vim lawv qhov tsis muaj zog, twisting cov nceb, tuav nws ntawm ceg lossis txiav nws nrog rab riam. Cov nceb npaj tau tuaj yeem qhuav lossis xa mus rau cov khw muag khoom nyoos, tab sis morels, vim lawv qhov tsis muaj zog, sai sai poob lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia thaum thauj.