Raws li ib tug me nyuam, muaj tus hniav txav yog ib txwm: tus menyuam hniav yuav tsum tau ntog rau qhov kawg kom loj hlob thiab coj nws qhov chaw. Hauv cov neeg laus, ntawm qhov tod tes, cov hniav xoob yog ib qho kev ceeb toom uas yuav tsum tsis txhob maj maj.

Thaum txhuam los yog hauv qab ntiv tes siab, cov hniav tsis ruaj khov lawm.

Thaum nws tawm los, cov hniav tshwm ntev dua thiab nws cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem tshwm saum cov pos hniav uas tau thim rov qab. Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim los soj ntsuam los ntshav thaum txhuam koj cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob siab tshaj plaws, cov hnab ntim cov kab mob tuaj yeem tsim ntawm cov pos hniav thiab cov hniav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.

Tus kab mob pheej ncig

Yog tsis muaj kev txhuam hniav tsis tu ncua, cov kab mob los ntawm cov khoom noj khib nyiab tsim cov co toxins uas tsim cov quav hniav, uas ua rau calcifies rau tartar. Cov tartar no, yog tias nws tsis raug tshem tawm tsis tu ncua, muaj kev pheej hmoo tawm tsam cov pos hniav thiab ua rau gingivitis. Tom qab ntawd cov pos hniav yog o, tsaus liab thiab los ntshav ntawm qhov sib cuag me ntsis. Sab laug tsis kho, gingivitis tuaj yeem ua rau periodontitis. Nws yog ib qho mob ntawm lub periodontium, uas yog hais txog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav uas tsim los ntawm cov pob txha alveolar, cov pos hniav, cementum thiab alveolar-dental ligament. Periodontitis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib tus hniav lossis ob peb, lossis txawm tias tag nrho cov hniav. Yog tias tsis kho raws sijhawm, cov hniav pib maj mam txav mus thiab muaj gingival recession: cov hniav hais tias "los xoob". Qhov kev xoob no tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov hniav.

Ntau yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kab mob: qee yam kab mob, kev haus luam yeeb, kab mob, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, cawv, noj qee yam tshuaj, cev xeeb tub, hnav cov khoom siv orthodontic, thiab lwm yam. Periodontitis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog qee yam kab mob, xws li ntshav qab zib.

Pob Tsuas Xyooj

Qhov no pathology, uas cuam tshuam rau 10 mus rau 15% ntawm Fabkis cov pej xeem, manifests nws tus kheej los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav qis tiv thaiv cov nyob rau sab saum toj thaum ib tug tsis zom, los yog los ntawm kev nruam nruam ntawm lub puab tsaig, feem ntau yog thaum hmo ntuj. Bruxism tuaj yeem ua rau hnav, xoob lossis txawm tias pob txha ntawm cov hniav, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg ploj (enamel, dentin thiab pulp).

Kev raug mob rau tus hniav

Tom qab kev poob siab los yog poob ntawm tus hniav, nws yuav tau hloov los yog ua rau txawb. Peb paub qhov txawv:

• dislocation tsis tiav los yog subluxation: tus hniav tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov (socket) thiab ua mobile;
• lub hauv paus tawg: lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav tau mus txog;
• alveolodental fracture: cov pob txha txhawb nqa ntawm cov hniav raug cuam tshuam, ua rau kev txav ntawm ib qho thaiv ntawm ntau cov hniav.

Kev kho hniav x-ray yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj mob.

Kev kho qhov muag

Orthodontic kev kho mob uas muaj zog heev thiab ceev heev traction ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog.

Hniav poob

Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho lossis kev txhawb nqa kom raug, tus hniav xoob los yog xoob yog qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob. Ntxiv nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov hniav uas tsis tau hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Ib tus hniav uas ploj lawm tsuas yog txaus ua rau kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw lossis kev hnav ntxov ntxov ntawm lwm cov hniav, teeb meem ntawm cov pos hniav, plab zom mov vim zom tsis txaus, tab sis kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntog. Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov poob ntawm cov hniav yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv lossis tsis haum cov tshuaj prosthesis tiag tiag txhawb kev tsis ruaj khov, vim tias lub puab tsaig sib koom ua ke pab kom muaj kev sib npaug.

Feem ntau txaus ntshai ntawm periodontitis

Tsis kho, periodontitis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv:

• muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob: thaum muaj kab mob ntawm cov hniav, cov kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau hauv cov ntshav thiab mus txog ntau yam kabmob (lub plawv, ob lub raum, pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam);
• kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav qab zib hnyav zuj zus;
• nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv;
• kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug ntxov ntxov hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Kev kho mob ntawm periodontitis

Kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas. Tom qab kev kho cov kab mob tua kab mob txhawm rau ntxuav lub qhov ncauj, ua tiav kev tu cov hniav, lawv cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov pos hniav yog ua kom tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov tartar ntawm cov hniav thiab hauv qhov chaw interdental. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm periodontal hnab ris, ib tug soj ntsuam ntawm lub hnab ris yuav ua. Peb tham txog kev npaj hauv paus. Kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob yuav raug sau tseg.

Yog hais tias tus kab mob periodontal yog siab heev, recourse rau periodontal phais tej zaum yuav tsim nyog nrog, nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem, lub realization ntawm ib tug sanitizing flap, pob txha txhaws los yog cov ntaub so ntswg regeneration.

Kev kho mob ntawm bruxism

Hais lus nruj me ntsis, tsis muaj kev kho mob rau bruxism. Txawm li cas los xij, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hniav hnav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, piv txwv li los ntawm hnav orthoses (splints) thaum hmo ntuj.

Kev tswj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab kuj tau pom zoo, vim nws yog ib qho ntawm cov paub txog bruxism.

Cov hniav uas txav tom qab raug mob

Tom qab kev poob siab, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob kov cov hniav thiab sab laj nrog kws kho hniav yam tsis muaj ncua sijhawm. Kev txhawb nqa yuav nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej:

• Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm dislocation tsis tiav, cov hniav yuav tsum repositioned thiab retainer nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, los ntawm kev sib txuas rau cov hniav uas nyob ib sab. Yog tias tsim nyog, yuav tsum muab cov tshuaj orthodontic traction nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kho tus hniav kom raug;
• nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug pob txha tawg, kev tswj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub pob txha tawg kab, paub hais tias qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus fracture, qhov ntau ntawm cov kev tu ntawm cov hniav yog compromised. Rau cov pob txha ntawm ob feem peb, kev sim txuag cov hniav tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov kev kho mob endodontic nrog hydroxyapatite los kho cov pob txha:
• Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug alveolodental puas: txo thiab tswj ntawm mobile kho hniav chav tsev yog ua.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov hniav ntev yog tsim nyog. Ib qho kev hloov ntawm cov xim tshwj xeeb qhia tias devitalization ntawm cov hniav.

Hloov ib tug hniav

Yog hais tias tus hniav nws thiaj li ntog, muaj ntau txoj kev los hloov nws:

• tus choj kho hniav ua rau nws tuaj yeem hloov tau ib lossis ntau dua cov hniav uas ploj lawm. Nws txuas ib tus hniav mus rau lwm tus hniav thiab yog li ua rau qhov chaw seem seem ntawm ob;
• cov hniav cog hniav yog ib qho khoom siv titanium hauv paus cog rau hauv cov pob txha. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom haum rau lub kaus mom, tus choj lossis cov khoom siv uas tshem tau. Yog tias cov pob txha tsis tuab txaus los cog cov ntsia hlau, yuav tsum muaj cov pob txha graft;
• ib qho khoom siv tshem tau yog tias ob peb cov hniav ploj lawm, yog tias tsis muaj cov hniav abutment rau kev tso tus choj lossis yog tias qhov cog tsis tuaj yeem lossis kim heev.

Kev tiv thaiv

Kev tu hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nov yog cov cai tseem ceeb:

• txhuam hniav tsis tu ncua, ob zaug hauv ib hnub, rau 2 feeb, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov quav hniav;
• txhuam hniav txhua hnub kom tshem tawm cov quav hniav uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm txhuam hniav;
• kev mus ntsib kws kho hniav txhua xyoo rau kev kuaj hniav thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas.

Nws kuj raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.