Hom kab mob fungal
Muaj peb hom fungal reproduction - vegetative, asexual thiab kev sib deev. Feem ntau lawv hloov ib leeg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm fungi.
Kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm mycelium, nrog rau cov budding, chlamydospores, arthrospores, thiab gems. Kev rho tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm mycelium yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov kab mob fungal. Mycelium tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub qub mycelium uas muaj lub peev xwm ntawm tes. Haum rau kev yug me nyuam kuj yog thaj chaw uas tsis yog cellular mycelium. Txoj kev no ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog siv nyob rau hauv cultivation ntawm domestic edible nceb.
Budding yog ib txoj kev ntawm vegetative propagation ntawm fungi. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv fungi nrog poov-zoo li thallus. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, tus ntxhais cell cais los ntawm leej niam lub cell nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug septum thiab ces ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug cais ib leeg-celled kab mob. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov poov xab cell tsis tuaj yeem bud indefinitely. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev faib zoo meej tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm chitinous rings, uas pom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub raum sib cais. Cov hlwb qub yog loj dua cov menyuam yaus, tab sis lawv cov lej tsawg dua.
Artrospores yog cov hlwb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag propagation ntawm fungi, lawv lwm lub npe yog oidia. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm hyphae, pib los ntawm cov lus qhia, mus rau ntau tus txheej txheem, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav muab lub neej rau mycelium tshiab. Oidia muaj lub plhaub nyias thiab lub neej luv luv. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lwm hom nceb.
Lub pov haum yog ib hom subspecies ntawm oidia, lawv txawv los ntawm lub plhaub uas yog tuab thiab tsaus xim, thiab lawv kuj kav ntev dua. Lub pov haum muaj nyob rau hauv marsupials, nrog rau smuts thiab imperfections.
Chlamydospores yog tsim nyog rau vegetative propagation ntawm fungi. Lawv muaj cov xim tsaus nti-xim plhaub thiab ua siab ntev rau cov xwm txheej hnyav. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cog lus thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tus neeg mycelium hlwb, uas thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no tau npog nrog lub plhaub ntom ntom ntom ntom. Chlamydospores sib cais los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm niam txiv hyphae tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob tau ntev nyob rau hauv txhua yam mob hnyav. Thaum lawv pib germinate, sporulation kab mob los yog mycelium tshwm nyob rau hauv lawv. Chlamydospores tshwm sim hauv ntau basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes, thiab oomycetes.
Asexual reproduction occupies ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub faib ntawm fungi nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob no. Hom kev yug me nyuam no tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm spores, uas yog tsim tsis muaj fertilization ntawm lub cev tshwj xeeb. Cov kab mob no txawv ntawm cov duab thiab cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag hyphae ntawm mycelium. Nrog rau txoj kev endogenous ntawm kev tsim spores, ob hom kab mob sib kis tau txawv txav - xws li zoosporangia thiab sporangia. Conidia tshwm sim exogenously.
Fungal spores yog cov qauv tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv kev yug me nyuam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm spores yog los tsim cov tib neeg tshiab ntawm ib hom tsiaj, nrog rau lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, nta thiab txoj kev ntawm kev sib hais haum. Lawv feem ntau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov hmoov av tuab ntawm ntau txheej lossis tsis muaj cua daj, lawv tuaj yeem thauj khoom los ntawm cua, cov tsiaj, lossis yooj yim txav ntawm nws tus flagella.
Zoospores yog cov qauv tsim tawm tsis zoo ntawm cov fungi. Lawv yog cov seem ntawm cov protoplasm uas tsis muaj lub plhaub, lawv muaj ib lossis ntau lub nuclei nrog ib lossis ntau dua flagella. Cov flagella no muaj cov qauv hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau ntawm eukaryotes. Lawv xav tau kev daws teeb meem ntawm fungi, muaj ib qho tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov as-ham thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev. Qhov tshwm sim endogenously hauv zoosporangia. Zoospores pab tsim cov kab mob qis, uas feem ntau yog dej, tab sis zoosporangia kuj pom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov kab mob hauv av uas nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv av.
Ib tug zoosporangium yog ib qho kabmob uas muaj kabmob uas tsim cov kabmob motile, asexually reproducing spores uas muaj flagella. Cov spores no hu ua zoospores. Raws li txoj cai, zoosporangia tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm cov nroj tsuag hyphae, tsis muaj sporangiophores tshwj xeeb.
Sporangiospores (aplanospores) yog cov qauv ntawm asexual reproduction ntawm fungi. Lawv tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj lub cev txav, muaj lub plhaub. Lawv xav tau kev daws teeb meem ntawm fungi, muaj ib qho tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov as-ham thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev. Lawv tshwm sim endogenously nyob rau hauv lub cev sporogenous (sporangia). Spores tawm ntawm sporangium los ntawm kev qhib hauv lub plhaub (pores) los yog thaum qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm tom kawg raug ua txhaum. Endogenous sporulation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau primitive fungi. Sporangiospores reproduce asexually hauv Zygomycetes.
Sporangium - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov kab mob spores, nyob rau hauv uas motionless spores ntawm asexual reproduction nrog lub plhaub tshwm sim thiab loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau filamentous fungi, lub sporangium yog tsim los ntawm ib tug o ntawm lub hyphal apex tom qab nws yog cais los ntawm niam txiv hypha los ntawm ib tug septa. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm spores tsim, sporangium protoplast faib ntau zaus, tsim ntau txhiab tus spores. Hauv ntau hom kab mob fungal, sporangial-cov kabmob hyphae yog morphologically sib txawv ntawm cov vegetative hyphae. Hauv qhov no, lawv raug hu ua sporangiophores.
Sporangiophores yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo hyphae uas tsim sporangia.
Conidia yog spores ntawm asexual reproduction uas tsim pointwise nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ib tug spore-cov kabmob kabmob hu ua conidiophore, sawv cev tshwj xeeb seem ntawm mycelium. Feem ntau conidia muaj nyob rau hauv marsupials, basidiomycetes, thiab anamorphic fungi. Cov kab mob tsis zoo (deuteromycetes) tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsuas yog los ntawm conidia. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm conidia, lawv cov yam ntxwv, koom haum thiab kev tso kawm yog ntau haiv neeg. Conidia tuaj yeem yog unicellular thiab multicellular, ntawm ntau yam duab. Cov degree ntawm lawv cov xim kuj txawv - los ntawm pob tshab mus rau golden, smoky, grey, txiv ntseej, pinkish. Kev tso tawm ntawm conidia feem ntau tshwm sim dhau los, tab sis qee zaum lawv qhov kev tsis lees paub yog pom.