Myelodysplastic syndrome yog ib yam kab mob ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov no pathology ua rau poob ntawm cov qe ntshav ncig. Tus mob no tseem hu ua: myelodysplasia.

Hauv cov kab mob "hmoov", cov pob txha pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav sib txawv:

- cov qe ntshav liab, tso cai rau cov pa oxygen rau tag nrho lub cev;

- cov qe ntshav dawb, tso cai rau lub cev tawm tsam cov kab mob exogenous thiab yog li zam kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob;

- platelets, uas tso cai rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab tuaj yeem ua si hauv cov txheej txheem coagulation.

Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj myelodysplastic syndrome, cov pob txha pob txha tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets ib txwm muaj. Cov qe ntshav raug tsim tawm txawv txav ua rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv cov kev mob tshwm sim no, cov pob txha pob txha muaj cov kab mob txawv txav uas tau muab faib rau tag nrho cov hlab ntsha.

Hom kab mob no tuaj yeem loj hlob qeeb lossis loj hlob zuj zus.

 Muaj ntau hom kab mob: (2)

• refractory anemia, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog tsim cov qe ntshav liab raug cuam tshuam;
• refractory cytopenia, qhov twg tag nrho cov hlwb (cov ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets) cuam tshuam;
• refractory anemia nrog blasts ntau dhau, tseem cuam tshuam rau cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib.

Myelodysplastic syndrome tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 65 thiab 70 xyoo. Tsuas yog ib ntawm tsib tus neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 50 xyoo yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus mob no. (2)

Feem ntau cov neeg muaj tus kab mob no muaj cov tsos mob me me thaum xub thawj. Cov kev kho mob tshwm sim tom qab no nyuaj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog txuam nrog ntau hom ntawm cov qe ntshav cuam tshuam.

Yog tias cov ntshav liab raug cuam tshuam, cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog:

• kev nkees;
• tsis muaj zog;
• ua pa nyuaj.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov qe ntshav dawb muaj kev txhawj xeeb, qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim ua rau:

• muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob txuas nrog cov kab mob (cov kab mob, kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam).

Thaum kev txhim kho platelet muaj kev txhawj xeeb, peb feem ntau pom:

• hnyav los ntshav thiab qhov tsos ntawm bruising yam tsis muaj laj thawj.

Qee hom ntawm myelodysplastic syndrome zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim sai dua lwm tus.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov neeg mob yuav tsis tuaj nrog cov tsos mob zoo. Yog li kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog ua tom qab kuaj ntshav, ua kom pom qhov txawv txav ntawm cov qe ntshav qis thiab lawv cov malformation.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog hom ntawm nws. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm refractory anemia, cov tsos mob tsim yuav tseem ceeb heev qaug zog, kev xav ntawm tsis muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm ua tsis taus pa nyuaj. (2)

Qee cov neeg uas muaj tus mob myelodysplastic tuaj yeem tsim mob myeloid leukemia. Nws yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm myelodysplastic syndrome tseem tsis tau paub meej.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib raug zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej kom raug rau qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, xws li benzene, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob pathology. Cov tshuaj no, muab cais ua cov carcinogenic rau tib neeg, yog dav pom hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov yas, roj hmab lossis hauv kev lag luam petrochemical.

Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj, kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob hluav taws xob lossis kws khomob. Cov no yog ob txoj kev siv dav hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. (2)

Cov yam tseem ceeb rau tus kab mob yog:

- raug rau tej yam tshuaj, xws li benzene;

- Kev kho thawj zaug nrog kev kho mob thiab / lossis kev kho mob hluav taws xob.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm myelodysplastic syndrome pib nrog kev kuaj ntshav nrog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no pab txiav txim seb cov qe ntshav li qub thiab txawv txav.

Kev tshuaj xyuas pob txha pob txha yog ua raws li tshuaj loog hauv zos. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm nws feem ntau yog coj los ntawm tus neeg mob lub duav thiab tshuaj xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv chav kuaj.

Kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm hom kab mob thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau tus neeg.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yog los kho kom rov zoo li qub theem ntawm cov ntshav ncig thiab lawv cov duab.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus uas tus neeg mob nthuav tawm ib daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov mus rau mob qog noj ntshav, cov tshuaj kho tshwj xeeb yuav tsis tas yuav ua tau zoo tab sis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav.

 Kev kho mob rau ntau hom kab mob yog:

• tso ntshav tawm;
• tshuaj los tswj cov hlau hauv cov ntshav, feem ntau tom qab tau txais cov ntshav;
• txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev loj hlob, xws li erythropoietin lossis G-CSFs, txhawm rau txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav thiab pab cov pob txha pob txha tsim cov ntshav;
• tshuaj tua kab mob, nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj ntawm hom: anti-thymocyte immunoglobulins (ATG) los yog cyclosporine, txo cov kev ua ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tso cai rau cov pob txha pob txha los tsim cov qe ntshav.

Rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm kev tsim mob qog noj ntshav, kev kho tshuaj khomob tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lossis txawm tias hloov cov qia cell.

Chemotherapy rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav tsis paub qab hau los ntawm kev txwv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Nws tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau qhov ncauj (cov ntsiav tshuaj) lossis tso rau hauv qhov chaw.

Txoj kev kho no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog:

- cytarabine;

- fludarabine;

- daunorubicine;

- clofarabine;

- l'azacitidine.

Stem cell transplantation yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj ntawm tus kab mob. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, kev hloov pauv ntawm qia hlwb yog qhov zoo dua ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Qhov kev kho no feem ntau yog ua ke nrog kev kho mob thiab / lossis kev kho mob thaum ntxov. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav cuam tshuam los ntawm tus mob syndrome, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. (2)