txheem
Myopia: txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog kev nyob ze
Myopia: yog dab tsi?
La myopia tsis yog kab mob tab sis a qhov muag tsis pom kev uas yog characterized a ze ze tab sis pom meej plooj nyob deb. Kev cuam tshuam txog ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America, myopia yog qhov pom kev tsis pom kev zoo tshaj plaws, thiab nws qhov kev nthuav dav tau nce zuj zus.
Nws feem ntau tshwm nyob rau ntawmhnub nyoog kawm ntawv (thaum me nyuam yaus los yog hluas) thiab loj hlob mus rau cov neeg laus thaum ntxov, qhov uas nws nyiam nyob ruaj khov. Qee cov myopias muaj zog, hu ua myopia "cov kab mob", hmoov tsis zoo hloov mus thoob lub neej.
Nws muaj ntau theem ntawm myopia sib txawv ntawm ib qho kev kawm mus rau lwm qhov uas ua rau a qhov muag nplua ntau los yog tsawg tseem ceeb. "Tseeb" cov neeg myopic tsis tas yuav kho lawv cov myopia mus tas li tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev pheej hmoo lossis tsim nyog cov xwm txheej xws li tsav tsheb, mus rau xinesmas, thiab lwm yam ... Lwm tus yuav muaj qhov tsis pom kev tsis zoo, txawm nyob ze.
Hauv ophthalmology, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov ua tsis zoo (xws li myopia) yog ntsuas hauv diopters. Los ntawm lub rooj sib tham, qhov degree ntawm myopia tau piav qhia nrog lub cim "tshem tawm", piv txwv li ntawm -0,25 txog -2,50 diopters rau mob myopia, - 2,75 rau -6 diopters rau nruab nrab myopia, -6 diopters thiab saum toj no rau muaj zog myopia.
Leej twg raug cuam tshuam los ntawm myopia?
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm myopia nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg txawv raws hnub nyoog,thaj chaw keeb kwm, Thiab covib puag ncig. Hauv Fab Kis, raws li Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), 29% ntawm cov pej xeem yog ze ze. Qhov no kuj yog daim duab pom hauv North America.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tebchaws Esxias cuam tshuam ntau dua: 80 mus rau 90% ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv tau pom luv luv hauv qee lub nroog ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Nyiv, lossis South Kauslim. Ntawm lawv, 10 mus rau 20% muaj myopia siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau teeb meem graves.
Raws li ntau qhov kev kwv yees, 2,5 billion tus neeg (ib feem peb ntawm cov pejxeem hauv ntiaj teb) yuav pom ze rau xyoo 2020, piv rau 1,6 billion hnub no.2.
Qhov ua rau ntawm myopia
Hauv ib lub qhov muag ib txwm, cov duab ntawm cov khoom raug xa mus rau retina (ib hom "photography film" nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub qhov muag). Lub cornea thiab lens, lo ntsiab muag nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag, ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug ntse duab ntawm lub retina.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm myopia, lub ntsiab lus ntawm sharpness tsis yog nyob rau ntawm lub retina, tab sis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim no cuam tshuam nrog lub qhov muag uas ntev dhau lawm. Peb mam li tham txog axile myopia.
Tsis tshua muaj, qhov curvature ntau dhau ntawm lub cornea kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov duab ntawm cov khoom nyob deb pom pom qhov muag plooj, vim tias lub lens tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab.
Qhov ua rau myopia yog ob qho tib si caj ces et Txhawj Xeeb Txog, tab sis lawv tsis paub zoo heev. Txog tam sim no, ntau dua 20 thaj chaw caj ces tau raug txheeb xyuas thiab tuaj yeem muaj cov noob caj ces cuam tshuam nrog myopia3. Raws li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb, ntau dua 70 cov noob ua lub luag haujlwm txawv txav ntawm cov kev rov ua dua1. Ib txhia ntawm cov noob cai rau kev loj hlob yam, los yog txawm rau lub ntsiab ntawm lub ocular matrix2.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov nthuav dav ntawm myopia tseem nce ntxiv thoob ntiaj teb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qhov pom kev tsis pom kev. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no4, tsis raug rau ntuj tshav ntuj cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag thiab yuav txhawb nqa myopia. Kev ua neej nyob tam sim no (kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, kev nyeem ntawv, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, ob peb yam haujlwm sab nraum zoov, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum zam kom ntau li ntau tau.
Hoob kawm thiab yuav muaj teeb meem
Feem ntau, axile myopia kho nws tus kheej zoo thiab kho, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws feem ntau stabilizes nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 25 thiab feem ntau tsis tshaj -6 diopters.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov myopia muaj kev vam meej (tseem hu ua kab mob myopia) thiab tsis ruaj khov. Lawv xav tau kev kuaj pom tsis tu ncua los ntawm tus kws kho mob ophthalmic, thiab hloov kho qhov kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, myopia (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj zog) yog txuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob qhov muag loj.1Nrog rau:
- un retinal detachment uas tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag;
- glaucoma (kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub paj hlwb);
- cataracts (pob ntawm lub lens);
- los ntshav los ntawm macula (qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub retina).
Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev kho kom pom tseeb. Nws tau kwv yees tias 150 lab tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis raug kho qhov tsis raug, 8 lab ntawm cov neeg suav tias yog qhov muag tsis pom.2.
Cov tsos mob ntawm myopia yog:
- a poob ntawm qhov muag pom kev nyob deb (Lub sij hawm "nyob deb" yog txheeb ze, pom tej zaum yuav pib plooj los ntawm ob peb kaum centimeters deb ntawm cov mob myopia siab);
- a yuav tsum tau los ze zog saib kom meej (qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim pom tau zoo ntawm myopia thaum ntxov);
- nyuaj pom thaum tsav tsheb, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau nws tus kheej thiab rau lwm tus;
- qee zaum mob taub hau.
Tsawg myopia tshwm sim maj mam. Cov khoom nyob deb yuav pom qhov muag plooj, thaum cov khoom nyob ze tseem nyob ntsiag to.
Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus myopic lossis cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev nyuaj nyeem cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim ntawv dub thaum lawv zaum tom qab chav kawm. Kev nyeem cov paib nyob deb lossis cov npe ntawm txoj kev yuav nyuaj.
Tus kab mob myopia, lossis myopia muaj zog, pib ntxov thaum yau. Nws hloov zuj zus sai, thoob plaws hauv lub neej, thiab tsis ruaj khov thaum laus. Nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag - 30 diopters. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hom myopia uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem (retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts thaum ntxov, dig muag).
Cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm myopia
Myopia feem ntau tshwm sim:
- hauv qee tsev neeg, rau caj ces. Cov me nyuam uas muaj ib tug los yog ob leeg niam txiv uas pom qhov ze yog qhov muaj feem ntau dua li lwm tus uas pom qhov ze.
- Nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm Caucasian thiab Asian qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, thiab tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov neeg African qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob1.
Risk yam tseem ceeb
Ntau yam ib puag ncig zoo li ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm myopia:
- le me ntsis sij hawm siv sab nraum zoov thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5, thiab yog li ntawd qhov tsis muaj qhov raug tshav ntuj;
- Kev xyaum ntau dhau ntawm qee yam kev ua ub no yuam lub qhov muag ua haujlwm ze, xws li kev nyeem ntawv, paj ntaub, qee qhov kev ua si video, thiab lwm yam... 2;
- Qhov kev thov muaj zog rau kev ua haujlwm ze rau thaum yau thiab hluas: peb hais txog kev kawm myopia.
Peb tus kws kho mob lub tswv yim
Raws li ib feem ntawm nws txoj hauv kev zoo, Passeportsanté.net caw koj kom pom qhov kev xav ntawm tus kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv. Dr Jacques Allard, kws kho mob dav dav, muab nws qhov kev xav rau koj myopia :
Myopia yog qhov tsis pom kev pom ntau tshaj plaws thiab nws qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv mus ntxiv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntes nws kom sai li sai tau. Yog tias koj qhov teeb meem pom los ntawm qhov deb tau cim txaus los cuam tshuam koj hauv kev ua haujlwm lossis tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm qee yam dej num, sab laj nrog tus kws kho qhov muag (optometrist hauv Quebec los yog ophthalmologist hauv Fabkis). Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov muag pom, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas koj qhov muag pom ntawm 40 xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd ib ntus, txhua 2 mus rau 4 xyoo ntawm 40 thiab 54 xyoo, txhua 1 mus rau 3 xyoo ntawm 55 thiab 64 xyoo, thiab txhua 1 mus rau 2 xyoos tom qab 65 xyoo. Dr. Jacques AllardMD FCMFC |