txheem
Ua rau muaj tus kabmob
Necrosis yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb, cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov kabmob hauv cov kabmob uas muaj sia nyob, tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microbes. Qhov ua rau necrosis tuaj yeem yog cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj los ntawm kev siv tshuab, thermal, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim vim muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj, ua tsis taus innervation thiab ntshav ncig. Qhov hnyav ntawm necrosis nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv zos.
Kev loj hlob ntawm necrosis yog yooj yim los ntawm kev muaj cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms, fungi, kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom txias hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ncig muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, vasospasm nce thiab cov ntshav ncig yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua. Kev kub dhau heev cuam tshuam rau kev nce hauv cov metabolism thiab nrog tsis muaj ntshav ncig, cov txheej txheem necrotic tshwm sim.
Cov tsos mob ntawm necrosis
loog loog, tsis muaj rhiab heev yog thawj cov tsos mob uas yuav tsum yog vim li cas mus ntsib kws kho mob. Paleness ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog pom los ntawm cov ntshav tsis zoo, maj mam xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua cyanotic, ces dub los yog ntsuab tsaus. Yog hais tias necrosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qis extremities, thaum xub thawj nws yog manifested los ntawm ceev nrooj nkees thaum taug kev, ib tug zoo nkaus li txias, convulsions, lub tsos ntawm lameness, tom qab uas tsis yog-kho trophic ulcers daim ntawv, necrotic dhau sij hawm.
Kev tsis zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, ntshav ncig, ua pa, ob lub raum, siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim qhov pom ntawm cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntshav ntshav. Muaj cov kab mob metabolic, qaug zog, hypovitaminosis thiab ua haujlwm ntau dhau.
Hom ntawm necrosis
Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ob hom necrosis yog qhov txawv:
Coagulative (qhuav) necrosis - tshwm sim thaum cov ntaub so ntswg protein folds, thickens, dries tawm thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib tug curdled loj. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tso ntshav ntws thiab evaporation ntawm noo noo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov ntaub so ntswg qhuav, nkig, tsaus xim av los yog grey-daj xim nrog ib tug meej demarcation kab. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tsis lees paub cov ntaub so ntswg tuag, ib qho rwj tshwm sim, txheej txheem purulent tsim, ib qho abscess tsim, thiab fistula tshwm sim thaum qhib. Qhuav necrosis yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus po, ob lub raum, umbilical qaum stump nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos.
Colliquation (ntub) necrosis - manifested los ntawm o, softening thiab liquefaction ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag, tsim ib tug grey loj, cov tsos ntawm ib tug putrid tsw.
Muaj ntau ntau hom necrosis:
Lub plawv nres - tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso ntshav sai sai rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg lossis lub cev. Lub sij hawm ischemic necrosis txhais tau hais tias necrosis ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev sab hauv - infarction ntawm lub hlwb, lub plawv, hnyuv, ntsws, raum, spleen. Nrog me me infarction, autolytic melting lossis resorption thiab ua tiav cov ntaub so ntswg kho. Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm lub plawv nres yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, teeb meem lossis kev tuag.
Sequester - qhov chaw tuag ntawm cov pob txha yog nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav sequester, sib cais los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv vim muaj cov txheej txheem purulent (osteomyelitis).
Gangrene - necrosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous nto, cov leeg. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog ua ntej los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis.
Bedsores - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg immobilized vim lub sij hawm ntev compression ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los yog puas rau daim tawv nqaij. Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov tsim ntawm tob, purulent ulcers.
diagnostics
Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau cov neeg mob raug xa mus rau kev kuaj mob uas siv x-rays, tab sis txoj kev no tsis tso cai rau kuaj pom pathology thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Necrosis ntawm x-rays pom tsuas yog nyob rau theem ob thiab thib peb ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kuaj ntshav kuj tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kawm txog qhov teeb meem no. Niaj hnub no, niaj hnub magnetic resonance imaging los yog xam tomography pab kiag li lawm ua rau kom raws sij hawm thiab raug txiav txim qhov kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg qauv.
Qhov tshwm sim
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm necrosis yog qhov zoo yog tias muaj cov enzymes melting ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, germination ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tuag, thiab ib tug caws pliav yog tsim. Qhov chaw ntawm necrosis tuaj yeem dhau los nrog cov ntaub so ntswg - ib qho tshuaj ntsiav (encapsulation) yog tsim. Txawm nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag, pob txha tuaj yeem tsim (ossification).
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, purulent fusion tshwm sim, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm los ntshav, kev sib kis ntawm kev tsom xam - sepsis tsim.
Kev tuag yog raug rau ischemic strokes, myocardial infarction. Necrosis ntawm cortical txheej ntawm lub raum, necrosis ntawm pancreas (pancreatic necrosis) thiab. thiab lwm yam - cov kab mob ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb ua rau tuag taus.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob ntawm txhua hom necrosis yuav ua tiav yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob thaum ntxov. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev saib xyuas, sparing thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, tsuas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.