Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) yees duab thiab piav qhia

Amanita phalloides

• Fly agaric ntsuab
• ya agaric dawb

Hauv cov teb chaws uas hais lus Askiv, Pale grebe tau txais lub npe nrov "tuag cap" - "tuag cap", "tuag cap".

Txhais cov cim rau hom no muaj xws li:

• hnab-zoo li tus dawb volva nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ceg
• nplhaib
• daim phiaj dawb
• dawb imprint ntawm spore hmoov
• tsis muaj grooves ntawm lub kaus mom

Lub kaus mom ntawm Pale Grebe feem ntau yog xim ntsuab lossis xim av-xim av, txawm tias xim tsis yog qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob no, vim nws muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Qee zaum cov pob dawb tseem nyob ntawm lub kaus mom, qhov seem ntawm daim ntaub thaiv.

Taub hau: 4-16 cm inch, thaum xub thawj yuav luag puag ncig los yog oval. Nrog kev loj hlob, nws ua convex, ces broad convex, flat-convex, mus rau tiaj tus nyob rau hauv heev qub nceb. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub hau yog du, tawv, nplaum nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub thiab ci nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua. Cov xim txawv los ntawm dull ntsuab mus rau txiv ntseej, yellowish mus rau brownish (tsis tshua muaj dawb "albino" cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau loj hlob nrog cov xim kaus mom). Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntsuab- thiab cov txiv ntseej-xim xim, pom pom tseeb tsaus nti radial fibers tshwm, nyob rau hauv lub teeb-xim daj ntseg grebes cov fibers no tsis tshua muaj suab, nyob rau hauv cov xim brownish-xim lawv yuav nyuaj rau pom. Nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom hluas tej zaum yuav muaj dawb shreds, "warts", qhov seem ntawm daim ntaub thaiv nyob rau hauv uas lub embryo ntawm fungus tsim, ib yam li nyob rau hauv lub zoo-paub ya ya agaric. Tab sis nyob rau hauv daj ntseg grebe, cov "warts" feem ntau ploj mus nrog lub hnub nyoog: lawv poob los yog raug ntxuav los ntawm nag.

daim hlau: dawb los yog yuav luag dawb. Dawb (tej zaum nrog me ntsis ntsuab tinge). Nquag, dav.

ceg: 5-18 cm siab thiab 1-2,5 cm tuab. Cylindrical, central. Ntau los yog tsawg dua, feem ntau tapering mus rau apex thiab widening mus rau ib tug thickened puag. Bald los yog finely pubescent. Dawb los yog nrog cov xim ntawm cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom, nws tuaj yeem npog nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj moire. Nyob rau hauv seem ntsug, lub qia zoo li stensely stuffed lossis qee zaum ib feem hollow, nrog cov khoom noj me me, nrog cov larval solners txuam cov xim ntawm cov nqaij.

nplhaib: dawb, loj, muaj zog, me ntsis drooping, zoo ib yam li ballerina lub tiab. Sab saum toj nrog me me radial strokes, hauv qab nto me ntsis hnov. Lub nplhaib feem ntau tseem nyob ntawm qia rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis qee zaum poob.

Volvo: hnab-puab, dawb, khob-puab, dawb, clasps lub thickened puag ntawm ceg. Feem ntau lub hauv paus ntawm qia thiab Volvo yog qhov qis heev, nyob rau hauv av theem, thiab tuaj yeem muab zais tag nrho los ntawm nplooj.

Pulp: dawb thoob plaws, tsis hloov xim thaum tawg, txiav los yog bruised.

tsis hnov ​​tsw: nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb, me nceb, qab ntxiag. Nyob rau hauv lub qub nws yog piav raws li unpleasant, sweetish.

saj: Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, lub saj ntawm siav daj ntseg toadstool yog txawv txawv. Qhov tsw ntawm nceb nyoos yog piav raws li "mos, nceb". Vim yog qhov muaj kuab lom heev ntawm daj ntseg grebe, tsis muaj ntau leej twg xav sim nceb, raws li koj nkag siab. Thiab peb pom zoo kom tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab txog cov saj zoo li no.

spore hmoov: Dawb.

Controversy 7-12 x 6-9 microns, du, du, ellipsoid, amyloid.

Basidia 4-spored, tsis muaj clamps.

Lub daj ntseg grebe zoo nkaus li tsim mycorrhiza nrog cov ntoo deciduous. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, ntoo qhib, linden, birch yog qhia, tsawg zaus - maple, hazel.

Nws hlob nyob rau hauv dav-leaved thiab deciduous, tov nrog deciduous forests. Nyiam qhov chaw kaj, me me clearings.

Niaj hnub nimno Encyclopedic Dictionary, Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary thiab Encyclopedia ntawm nceb picker qhia ob qho tib si qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob thiab purely coniferous hav zoov.

Los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn, Lub rau hli ntuj - Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Muab faib rau hauv nruab nrab Peb Lub Tebchaws thiab lwm lub tebchaws uas muaj huab cua sab av loj: Belarus, our country, pom nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Lub North American Pale Grebe yog tib yam li European Amanita phalloides classic, nws tau qhia rau North American sab av loj hauv California thiab New Jersey cheeb tsam thiab tam sim no nquag nthuav dav nws thaj tsam ntawm West Coast thiab Mid-Atlantic.

Cov nceb yog tshuaj lom tuag.

Txawm tias qhov koob tshuaj tsawg tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Tseem tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txog qhov koob tshuaj twg yog "twb ua rau tuag taus". Muaj ntau versions. Yog li, qee qhov chaw qhia tias 1 g ntawm nceb nyoos rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav nyob yog txaus rau kev ua rau tuag taus. Tus sau phau ntawv no ntseeg tias cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov zoo heev.

Qhov tseeb yog tias Pale grebe tsis muaj ib qho, tab sis ob peb co toxins. Cov co toxins uas cais tawm ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov fungus yog polypeptides. Peb pawg ntawm co toxins tau raug txheeb xyuas: amatoxins (amanitin α, β, γ), phalloidins thiab phallolysins.

Amatoxins yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub cev puas tsuaj. Qhov koob tshuaj tuag ntawm amatoxin yog 0,1-0,3 mg / kg ntawm lub cev hnyav; Kev noj ib qho nceb tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus (40 g ntawm nceb muaj 5-15 mg ntawm amanitin α).

Phallotoxins yog qhov tseem ceeb alkaloids, lawv tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv ceg ntawm daj ntseg grebe thiab tsw tsw ntxhiab agaric. Cov co toxins no ua rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub plab thiab plab hnyuv mucosa hauv 6-8 teev, uas ua rau nrawm nrawm rau kev nqus ntawm amatoxins.

Lub insidiousness ntawm Pale grebe yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, tab sis tom qab 6-12, thiab qee zaum 30-40 teev tom qab noj nceb, thaum cov tshuaj lom tau ua rau lub siab, lub raum thiab tag nrho. cov kabmob sab hauv.

Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm Pale Toadstool lom tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj lom nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb:

• xeev siab
• ntuav indomitable
• mam li nco dheev mob hauv plab
• tsis muaj zog
• kev sib ceg
• mob taub hau
• qhov muag tsis pom kev
• tom qab mob plab ntxiv, feem ntau nrog ntshav

Thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tam sim ntawd hu lub tsheb thauj neeg mob.

Pale grebe yog ib qho nceb tau yooj yim txheeb xyuas rau tus neeg khaws cov nceb. Tab sis muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ua rau tuag taus tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

• Cov nceb tseem hluas heev, tsuas yog "hatched" los ntawm lub qe, qia yog luv, lub nplhaib tsis pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Pale grebe tuaj yeem yuam kev rau qee hom ntab.
• cov nceb laus dhau lawm, lub nplhaib tau poob, qhov no, Pale grebe kuj tuaj yeem ua yuam kev rau qee hom floats.
• cov nceb laus dhau lawm, lub nplhaib tau poob tawm, thiab Volvo tau muab zais rau hauv cov nplooj ntoo, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas Pale grebe tuaj yeem ua yuam kev rau qee hom russula lossis kab.
• nceb loj hlob interspersed nrog ib tug edible hom paub mus nceb picker, tib yam floats, russula los yog champignons, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub ntawm lub sau, koj yuav poob koj vigilance.
• nceb txiav nrog rab riam siab heev, nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom heev

Cov lus qhia yooj yim heev:

• tshawb xyuas txhua tus fungus uas muaj peev xwm zoo li daj ntseg grebe rau txhua yam cim qhia
• tsis txhob khaws ib tug neeg txiav tawm thiab muab pov tseg lub kaus mom kaus mom nrog daim hlau dawb
• thaum huab hwm coj sau ntsuab russula, lub teeb ntab thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas champignons, ua tib zoo xyuas txhua tus nceb
• Yog tias koj khaws cov nceb "tsis txaus ntseeg" thiab xav tias Pale grebe hauv nws, ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv si hauv hav zoov

Yog tias Pale Grebe loj hlob ze rau lwm cov nceb noj tau, nws puas tuaj yeem sau thiab noj cov nceb no?

Txhua tus txiav txim siab lo lus nug no rau nws tus kheej. Qhov ntawd yog hom zib ntab agaric kuv yuav tsis noj.

Puas muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv Pale Grebe, tsis tsuas yog lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog lom, tab sis kuj cov spores?

Yog nws muaj tseeb. Nws ntseeg tau tias ob qho tib si spores thiab mycelium yog tshuaj lom. Yog li, yog tias koj muaj cov qauv ntawm daj ntseg grebe hauv koj lub pob tawb nrog rau lwm cov nceb, xav tias: nws puas tsim nyog sim ntxuav cov nceb? Tej zaum nws yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua kom muab pov tseg?

Video hais txog lub nceb Pale grebe:

Cov duab los ntawm cov lus nug nyob rau hauv kev paub yog siv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm thiab nyob rau hauv lub gallery ntawm tsab xov xwm.