txheem
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tshuab tsim lub tsev los ntawm ib lub bar
Txhua qhov kev tsim kho muaj xws li kev siv thev naus laus zis uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Kev tsim kho lub tsev los ntawm ib lub bar yog tsis muaj kev zam. Lub technological originality ntawm no kev tsim kho yog raws li nram no.
Ua ntej, ntoo yog cov khoom "capricious" ntau dua li lwm tus. Qhov no yog vim nws qhov ntuj tsim, organic, uas txawv ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog (hlau, yas, cement, pob zeb dag, thiab lwm yam).
Qhov thib ob, lub nqaj ntoo absorbs noo noo zoo thiab khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas ua rau deformation thiab shrinkage ntawm lub tsev thaum lub sijhawm ziab.
Thib peb, kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm ib lub bar yog ua nyob rau hauv ob theem: ua ntej, lub hauv paus yog nteg, lub thawv ntawm lub tsev thiab lub ru tsev yog tsim, thiab tom qab li ntawm rau lub hlis, kev ua tiav tiav pib.
Thib plaub, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntoo zoo, vim tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub tsev ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntau phau ntawv qhia txog sawing thiab trimming.
Fifthly, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog ntoo yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog thiab tawv tawv ntawm cov ntoo hauv ntau qhov chaw. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau fastening cov tuav.
Sixthly, cov tuav yog txuas rau ib leeg nrog kev pab ntawm grooves thiab protrusions txiav ntawm qhov kawg. Cov hlau tshwj xeeb kuj tseem siv tau - dowels, uas txuas rau sab sauv thiab sab qis.
Xya, kev tsim kho yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev tso cov yas - kab rov tav txheej ntawm cov ntoo, stacked on top ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev. Cov kab nrib pleb tom qab shrinkage ntawm lub tsev yog caulked, thiab ntoo yog kho nrog ib tug antiseptic.
Qhov zoo ntawm lub tsev log
Lub tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo muaj ntau qhov zoo piv rau cov tsev tsim los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv:
Cons ntawm lub tsev los ntawm ib tug bar
Raws li koj paub, qhov tsis zoo yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov zoo. Tib yam siv rau cov tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo, uas muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, ib txwm tshwm sim los ntawm lawv qhov zoo:
- Kev phom sij hluav taws ntau ntxiv yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua lub tsev ntoo. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev rau hluav taws, twb nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, cov ntoo raug kho nrog hluav taws kub retardants, uas tso cai rau cov tshuaj nkag mus tob rau hauv tsob ntoo, txij li tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub siab nyob rau hauv ib tug autoclave. Cov ntoo ua tiav tseem tuaj yeem ntes hluav taws, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hluav taws xob txo qis, thiab cov txheej txheem combustion tsis yog khaus heev.
- Txij li thaum lub tsev ntoo yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau kev lwj ntau dua li cov khoom tsim. Cov ntoo rots thiab raug kab noj, yog li lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshwj xeeb impregnations txhua tsib xyoos.
- Cov ntoo hauv txheej txheem ziab tuaj yeem tawg. Raws li qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntoo qhuav qhuav thaum siv. Cov cua kub tsis raug ntawm lub tsev kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nce qhov kub thiab txias sai sai. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub lim tiam, lub tsev yog rhuab mus rau 8-10 degrees, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - mus rau 13-15 degrees, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib peb lub lim tiam, qhov kub yog coj mus rau 20 degrees.
- Yog tias lawv nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo txhua lub sijhawm, thiab tsis yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, ces nws yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev loj heev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab nyiaj txiag. Tab sis yog li ntawd, kev nplij siab thiab coziness ntawm lub teb chaws ntoo lub tsev yuav ua tiav.
- Nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua los tsim cov ntaub ntawv architectural complex (towers, outbuildings, bay qhov rais, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm ib tug bar, vim hais tias nws assumes ib tug rectilinear kev npaj thiab yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov qauv sawing.
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Cov grooves ntawm cov tuav yog ruaj khov, yog tias koj pib disassemble lub crown tom qab lub crown, koj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov fasteners. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib xav txog kev npaj lub tsev kom tsis txhob sim hloov nws tom qab kev tsim kho tiav.
Cov tswv yim kws txawj
Tom qab lub tsev tsim, nws xav tau kev saib xyuas kom zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb
Pavel Bunin, tus tswv ntawm lub da dej complex"Bansk": xyuas
Puas muaj peev xwm nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas ua los ntawm ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no?
Txhawm rau txo cov nqi cua sov, nws yog ntshaw kom sov lub tsev tom qab tag nrho. Kev sov yog nqa tawm sab nraum lub tsev. Rau cov laj thawj no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntxhia wool slabs 5-10 cm tuab. Nws yuav yog qhov pheej yig tshaj yog tias koj npog lawv nrog sab nraud, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem ntoo, piv txwv li, imitation ntoo.
Cov ntoo puas xav tau kev saib xyuas?
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntoo los ntawm nag lossis daus thiab ncaj qha tshav ntuj, cov kua roj vanish, roj thiab xim tuaj yeem siv. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog guarantees kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kuj muab ntxiv attractiveness rau lub tsev. Nws raug nquahu kom siv tshuaj tua kab mob txhua ob xyoos, thiab rov ua dua tshiab txhua tsib xyoos.
Cov ntoo tseem raug kho nrog cov nplaim hluav taws - cov khoom uas tiv thaiv cov tsev ntoo los ntawm hluav taws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsuas yog nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsev txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv hluav taws. Sab nraud, xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab tsuas yog ua rau cov nqi tsis tsim nyog.
Lub beam twg yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv?
Ib qho yooj yim beam (plaub-edged) yog lub cav sawn los ntawm plaub sab. Nws yog pheej yig dua li lwm hom, vim nws tsis tau ua tiav thiab qhuav. Qhov no tsim teeb meem ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Profiled ntoo yog ib yam khoom zoo dua. Nws twb qhuav lawm, yog li nws tsis ntsws ntau. Tej zaum yuav muaj lossis tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm cov yas. Mounting grooves kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, uas yooj yim rau kev sib dhos.
Glued laminated ntoo yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws tus nqi yog 3-4 lub sij hawm siab dua li ntawm cov pa ntoo, uas yog qhov tsis zoo.
Yog tias peb piv cov nqi thiab qhov zoo, ces qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog siv cov ntoo profiled. Nws tus nqi tsim nyog yog ua ke nrog cov khoom zoo.