Shod kab (Tricholoma caligatum)
- Kev faib tawm: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Chav Kawm: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Qib: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Kev txiav txim: Agaricales (Agaric lossis Lamellar)
- Tsev Neeg: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomovye los yog Ryadovkovye)
- Genus: Tricholoma (Tricholoma lossis Ryadovka)
- hom: Tricholoma caligatum (Tshooj Kab)
- Matsutake
- Kab pom
- Kab pom;
- Matsutake;
- Pine nceb;
- pine horn.
Shod Row (Tricholoma caligatum) yog cov nceb noj tau los ntawm tsev neeg Tricholomov, genus Ryadovok.
Shod kab (Tricholoma caligatum) kuj paub nyob rau hauv ib lub npe txawv - matsutake. Cov nceb no dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, tab sis feem ntau nyuaj nrhiav nws. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov kab pom tau zoo muab zais rau hauv ib txheej ntawm nplooj poob. Vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nrhiav tus nqi thiab tus nqi ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov khau kab, nws yog txwv tsis pub siab.
Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub fungus piav yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ntev thiab tob cog ob txhais ceg nyob rau hauv cov av, qhov ntev ntawm uas yuav ncav cuag 7-10 cm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau tus neeg khaws cov nceb uas tau pom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kab pom ntawm nws txoj kev yog tshem cov fungus los ntawm cov av yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov nceb tsis paub zoo, tab sis yog qhov zoo rau kev noj ntau hom.
Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub kaus mom pom kab sib txawv ntawm 5-20 cm. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug semicircular duab, tuab, fleshy, nyob rau hauv ripe fruiting lub cev nws yog tiaj-convex, muaj ib tug tubercle nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom tuaj yeem yog xim av-ntsuab lossis xim av-grey. Nws tag nrho saum npoo yog them nrog me me, nruj nreem nplais nyob rau hauv ib tug sib dua keeb kwm yav dhau. Feem ntau, nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov kab pom, qhov seem ntawm ib daim ntaub thaiv npog yog pom. Cov npoo ntawm lub hau ntawm cov nceb tau piav qhia yog xim dawb, tsis sib xws, thiab waviness.
Cov ceg ntev ntawm cov kab pom yog 5-12 cm, thiab lawv txoj kab uas hla txawv ntawm 1.5-2.5 cm. Cov ceg nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, muaj ib tug cylindrical zoo thiab tapers nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov xim ntawm cov qia nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib tuaj yeem yog hmoov lossis dawb, thiab nws qhov chaw hauv qab lub nplhaib yog ntom ntom nrog cov nplais uas yog xim tib yam li cov nplai uas npog lub hau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nplai ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhais ceg muaj taw tes, qhov taw qhia.
Lub nplhaib ntawm lub qia ntawm nceb yog txhais tau zoo, npog nrog ntau cov nplai ntawm sab nraud, thiab dawb kiag li rau sab hauv. Lub pulp ntawm nceb muaj ib tug zoo fruity aroma thiab saj, characterized los ntawm ib tug dawb xim. Lub hymenophore ntawm qhov pom kab yog lamellar. Cov phaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog feem ntau nyob, feem ntau adheres rau saum npoo ntawm fruiting lub cev, muaj ib tug dawb xim. Spore hmoov ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kab mob fungus kuj yog xim dawb.
Shod rowing hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous (tsuas yog ntoo thuv), thiab nyob rau hauv sib xyaw (pine-oak) hav zoov. Lub feem ntau nquag fruiting tshwm sim los ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj mus rau Kaum ib hlis (uas yog, thoob plaws lub caij nplooj zeeg).
Kev tsim ntawm fruiting lub cev ntawm cov kab pom tshwm sim ntawm qhov tob txaus loj rau xws li cov nroj tsuag hauv av. Lub qia ntawm cov nceb no nyob tob ntawm cov av saum npoo, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum sau, cov nceb yuav tsum tau khawb. Lub aroma ntawm shod rowing yog heev peculiar, zoo ib yam li tsw ntawm anise. Interestingly, thaum fruiting lub cev ntawm piav txog hom nceb tshwm nyob rau saum npoo, cov av pib tawg heev. Xws li ib tug nceb yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tib daim ntawv, nws loj hlob mas nyob rau hauv loj pawg.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Peb Lub Tebchaws, cov kab pom pom loj hlob feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws hauv Urals, hauv thaj av Irkutsk (Eastern Siberia), hauv Khabarovsk Thaj Chaw thiab thaj av Amur. Thiab nyob rau hauv Primorsky Territory, shod kab muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Xws li ib tug nceb tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.
Matsutake fruiting tshwm sim feem ntau hauv ntoo thuv thiab sib xyaw (pine-oak) hav zoov. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim mycorrhiza nrog ntoo coniferous (tsuas yog pines). Nws tuaj yeem tsis tshua muaj mycorrhiza nrog cov ntoo deciduous, tshwj xeeb oaks. Spotted kab xaiv cov ntoo ntoo qub rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tsob ntoo coniferous, cov nceb no tsim lub voj voog hu ua dab, sib sau ua ke hauv cov cheeb tsam loj. Nws yog qhov nthuav uas pom cov kab txawj ntse nkaum hauv qab nplooj poob ntawm cov ntoo sawv ze ntawm ntoo thuv. Cov nceb tau piav qhia nyiam kom loj hlob hauv cov av qhuav, uas tsis yog fertile heev. Ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov kab pom tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw rau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo.
Shod kab - nceb yog heev finicky, thiab yog li ntawd muab ib tug sau tsuas yog thaum tej huab cua puag tsim. Txhawm rau kom cov qoob loo ntawm shod kab kom zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nruab hnub kub tsis tshaj 26 ºC, thiab hmo ntuj kub tsis poob qis dua 15 ºC. Lwm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm matsutake yog ntau tshaj 20 hli ntawm nag lossis daus hauv 100 hnub dhau los. Yog tias tsim nyog huab cua tsim thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kab pom tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub Yim Hli.
Shod kab (Tricholoma caligatum) belongs rau tus naj npawb ntawm nceb noj tau, thiab muaj cov khoom qab zib zoo. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv Nyiv thiab lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Cov nceb no tuaj yeem kib, thaum kho cua sov tshem tawm qhov tsis kaj siab tom qab, tawm hauv qab qab qab zib xwb. Ib kab zoo yog shod thiab rau pickling. Qee cov gourmets nco ntsoov tias cov kab no muaj qhov muaj zog pear tsw. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kab lus piav qhia muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb, thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau raug pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nas dawb. Hauv Ussuriysky Reserve, cov nceb no tiv thaiv, nrog rau hauv Kedrovaya Lad Reserve. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm rowweed ua rau cov nceb no tseem ceeb heev rau Nyiv, qhov twg nws yog dav siv rau cov khoom noj. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog pickled thiab boiled, tab sis kuj salted. Pickled thiab salted pom kab yog heev ntom thiab crispy.
Hauv Nyij Pooj thiab qee lub tebchaws sab hnub tuaj, cov kab pom pom tau cog qoob loo. Qee cov gourmets nco ntsoov tias cov nceb no muaj qab ntxiag tom qab, thiab saj yog powdery lossis cheesy.