Telephora palmate (Thelephora palmata) yees duab thiab piav qhia

Telephora palmate (Telephora palmata)

:

• Clavaria paj
• Ramaria palmata
• Merisma palmatum
• Phylacteria palmata
• Thelephora diffuse

Telephora palmata (Thelephora palmata) yog hom kab mob coral fungus hauv tsev neeg telephoraceae. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog tawv thiab zoo li coral, nrog cov ceg nqaim ntawm lub hauv paus, uas tom qab ntawd nthuav dav zoo li tus kiv cua thiab faib ua ntau cov hniav flattened. Cov tswv yim zoo li lub paj yog xim dawb thaum hluas, tab sis tsaus nti thaum cov kab mob loj tuaj. Ib hom kab dav dav tab sis tsis tshua muaj, nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv Asia, Australia, Europe, North America thiab South America, fruiting on the ground in coniferous and mixed forests. Lub palmate telephora, txawm hais tias tsis suav tias yog nceb tsawg, txawm li cas los xij, catches lub qhov muag ntawm cov nceb pickers tsis ntau: nws disguises nws tus kheej zoo heev nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhov chaw.

Cov tsiaj no tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv 1772 los ntawm Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli li Clavaria palmata. Elias Fries tau hloov mus rau genus Thelephora hauv xyoo 1821. Cov tsiaj no muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus muab los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov keeb kwm taxonomic, suav nrog Ramaria, Merisma thiab Phylacteria.

Lwm cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm: Merisma foetidum thiab Clavaria schaefferi. Mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon tau luam tawm ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm lwm hom hauv xyoo 1822 nrog lub npe Thelephora palmata, tab sis txij li lub npe twb tau siv lawm, nws yog homonym tsis raug cai, thiab hom uas tau piav qhia los ntawm Persoon tam sim no hu ua Thelephora anthocephala.

Txawm tias nws zoo li coral zoo li, Thelephora palmata yog ib tug txheeb ze ze ntawm Terrestrial Telephora thiab Clove Telephora. Qhov tshwj xeeb epithet palmata "ntiv tes" los ntawm Latin thiab txhais tau tias "kom muaj ib txhais tes". Cov npe (Lus Askiv) cov npe ntawm cov fungus yog txuam nrog nws pungent tsw, zoo ib yam li stench ntawm rotten qej. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov kab mob hu ua "stinking earthfan" - "stinky fan" lossis "fetid false coral" - "stinking fake coral". Samuel Frederick Grey, nyob rau hauv nws 1821 ua hauj lwm The Natural Arrangement of British Plants, hu ua fungus "stinking branch-ear".

Mordechai Cubitt Cook, tus kws kho tsiaj Askiv thiab tus kws kho mob mycologist, tau hais hauv xyoo 1888: Telephora digitata yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb fetid tshaj plaws. Ib tus kws tshawb fawb ib zaug coj ob peb tus qauv mus rau nws chav pw hauv Aboyne, thiab tom qab ob peb teev nws txaus ntshai heev kom pom tias tsis hnov ​​​​tsw yog qhov phem tshaj nyob rau hauv txhua chav hauv lub cev. Nws mob siab rau txuag cov qauv, tab sis qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw muaj zog heev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus tag nrho kom txog thaum nws qhwv lawv hauv kaum ob txheej ntawm cov ntawv tuab tshaj plaws.

Lwm qhov chaw kuj tseem nco txog qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw ntawm cov nceb no, tab sis qhia tau hais tias qhov tseeb tus ntxhiab tsw tsis zoo li Cook tau pleev xim rau nws.

Lub Ecology:

Daim ntawv mycorrhiza nrog conifers. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev loj hlob ib leeg, tawg los yog nyob rau hauv pawg nyob rau hauv av nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si coniferous thiab sib xyaw forests thiab grassy teb. Nyiam cov av noo, feem ntau loj hlob raws hav zoov txoj kev. Tsim fruiting lub cev los ntawm nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn.

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev Telephora palmatus yog ib pob zoo li coral uas ceg ntoo ntau zaus los ntawm lub hauv paus qia, ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm 3,5-6,5 (raws li qee qhov chaw mus txog 8) cm hauv qhov siab thiab dav. Cov ceg yog tiaj tus, nrog ntsug grooves, xaus rau hauv rab diav-puab los yog kiv cua-puab xaus, uas zoo li yuav incised. Lub teeb edging feem ntau tuaj yeem pom. Cov twigs yog pib dawb, creamy, pinkish, tab sis maj mam tig grey mus rau purplish xim av thaum loj hlob. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov ceg ntoo, txawm li cas los xij, nyob twj ywm dawb los yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov hauv qab. Cov hauv qab yog pinkish-xim av, hauv qab yog xim av tsaus, xim av-xim av.

Leg (ntau lub hauv paus, los ntawm cov ceg ntev) txog 2 cm ntev, 0,5 cm dav, tsis sib xws, feem ntau warty.

Pulp: tawv, tawv, fibrous, xim av.

Hymenium (fertile, spore-bearing ntaub so ntswg): amphigenic, uas yog, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nto ntawm fruiting lub cev.

tsis hnov ​​tsw: es tsis kaj siab, reminiscent ntawm fetid qej, kuj piav raws li "laus cabbage dej" - "rotten cabbage" los yog "overripe cheese" - "overripe cheese". Telephora digitata tau raug hu ua "tus neeg sib tw rau stinkiest fungus nyob rau hauv hav zoov." Cov ntxhiab tsw tsw zoo zuj zus tom qab ziab.

Spore hmoov: los ntawm xim av mus rau xim av

Nyob rau hauv lub microscope: Spores tshwm liab doog, angular, lobed, warty, nrog me me spines ntev 0,5-1,5 µm. Qhov dav dav ntawm elliptical spores yog 8-12 * 7-9 microns. Lawv muaj ib los yog ob lub tee roj. Basidia (spore-cov kabmob hlwb) yog 70-100 * 9-12 µm thiab muaj sterigmata 2-4 µm tuab, 7-12 µm ntev.

Inedible. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog toxicity.

Thelephora anthocephala yog ib qho zoo sib xws hauv cov tsos, tab sis txawv ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas taper upwards thiab muaj cov lus qhia flattened (xws li rab diav zoo li ib tug), thiab tsis muaj fetid tsw.

North American hom Thelephora vialis muaj cov kab me me thiab cov xim sib txawv.

Hom tsaus nti ntawm ramaria yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab ntse kawg ntawm cov ceg.

Cov tsiaj no muaj nyob hauv Asia (xws li Tuam Tshoj, Iran, Nyiv, Siberia, Qaib ntxhw, thiab Nyab Laj), Europe, North thiab South America, suav nrog Brazil thiab Colombia. Nws kuj tau sau npe hauv Australia thiab Fiji.

Lub cev fruiting yog devoured los ntawm springtail, Ceratophysella denisana hom.

Cov nceb muaj cov xim - leforfic acid.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm Telephora digitata tuaj yeem siv rau staining. Nyob ntawm cov mordant siv, xim muaj peev xwm muaj xws li los ntawm dub xim av mus rau tsaus greyish ntsuab rau greenish xim av. Yog tsis muaj mordant, lub teeb xim av tau txais.

Yees duab: Alexander, Vladimir.