Cov hlab ntsha vertebral (artery, los ntawm Latin arteria, los ntawm Greek artêria, vertebra, los ntawm Latin vertebra, los ntawm vertebra) ua kom cov ntshav oxygenated rau lub hlwb.

Txoj hauj lwm. Ob tug lej, sab laug thiab sab xis vertebral hlab ntsha yog nyob rau hauv lub caj dab thiab lub taub hau.

loj. Cov hlab ntsha vertebral muaj qhov nruab nrab caliber ntawm 3 mus rau 4 mm. Lawv feem ntau nthuav tawm ib qho asymmetry: sab laug vertebral hlab ntsha feem ntau muaj qhov loj dua li cov hlab ntsha sab xis. (1)

Keeb kwm. Cov hlab ntsha vertebral pib nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, thiab yog thawj ceg ntawm lub tom kawg. (1)

Kab. Cov hlab ntsha vertebral ncig lub caj dab mus koom lub taub hau. Nws qiv cov kwj dej transverse, tsim los ntawm stacking ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae. Los txog rau theem ntawm thawj lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebra, nws hla lub foramen magnum, los yog occipital foramen, mus koom lub posterior ntawm lub hlwb. (2)

txiav. Ob lub vertebral hlab ntsha muaj nyob rau ntawm theem ntawm lub hlwb, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem ntawm qhov zawj ntawm tus choj thiab medulla oblongata. Lawv sib sau ua ke los tsim cov hlab ntsha basilar lossis pob tw. (2)

Ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha vertebral. Raws li nws txoj kev, cov hlab ntsha vertebral ua rau muaj ntau ntau lossis tsawg dua cov ceg tseem ceeb. Peb paub qhov txawv tshwj xeeb (3):

• Cov ceg dorso-spinal, uas tshwm sim ntawm theem ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae;
• Lub anterior thiab posterior spinal hlab ntsha, uas originated nyob rau hauv lub intracranial ib feem.

Irrigation. Cov hlab ntsha vertebral ces lub pob tw basilar ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv vascularization ntawm ntau yam qauv ntawm lub hlwb.

Dissection ntawm vertebral hlab ntsha yog ib tug pathology uas sib haum mus rau lub tsos thiab kev loj hlob ntawm hematomas nyob rau hauv lub vertebral hlab ntsha. Nyob ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hematomas, lub caliber ntawm cov hlab ntsha tej zaum yuav nqaim los yog distended.

• Yog hais tias lub caliber ntawm lub vertebral hlab ntsha yog nqaim, nws yuav ua tau blocked. Qhov no ua rau txo qis lossis txawm tias nres ntawm vascularization, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ischemic.
• Yog hais tias lub caliber ntawm lub vertebral hlab ntsha yog distended, nws muaj peev xwm compress cov nyob sib ze. Qee zaum, phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo hemorrhagic. Cov kev tawm tsam ischemic thiab hemorrhagic yog cov xwm txheej cerebrovascular. (4) (5)
• Thrombosis. Qhov no pathology sib raug rau kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha. Thaum cov kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha, nws hu ua arterial thrombosis. (5)

Arterial hypertension. Qhov no pathology sib raug rau cov ntshav siab dhau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, tshwm sim tshwj xeeb ntawm qib ntawm cov hlab ntsha femoral. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob vascular. (6)

Tshuaj kho mob. Nyob ntawm qhov mob tau kuaj pom, qee cov tshuaj yuav raug muab tshuaj los txo cov ntshav siab.

Thrombolyse. Siv thaum lub sijhawm mob hlab ntsha tawg, qhov kev kho mob no suav nrog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaws, lossis ntshav khov, nrog kev siv tshuaj. (5)

Kev phais mob. Nyob ntawm cov kab mob pathology kuaj pom thiab nws hloov pauv, kev phais yuav tsim nyog.

Kev kuaj lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshuaj ntsuam mob tau ua tiav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov mob pom los ntawm tus neeg mob.

Kev kuaj mob kuaj mob. Txhawm rau kom paub meej lossis tob zuj zus qhov kev kuaj mob, X-ray, CT, CT angiography thiab arteriography tuaj yeem ua.

• Doppler ultrasound kev kho mob. Qhov ultrasound tshwj xeeb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam cov ntshav ntws.

Lub vertebral hlab ntsha yog raug rau txawv anatomical variations, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm keeb kwm. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, tab sis nws tshwm sim tias nws pib los rau hauv qab los ua tus thib ob collateral ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, tom qab lub cev thyrocervical. Nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntws. Piv txwv li, sab laug vertebral hlab ntsha tawm los ntawm aortic koov hauv 5% ntawm cov tib neeg. (1) (2)