Qhov muag nkees los yog astheopia

Raws li ophthalmologists hu rau tus mob no, nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm subjective cov tsos mob ntawm pom qaug zog. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem yws txog:

  • txo qhov pom kev acuity (xws li "daim ntaub thaiv" lossis "pos huab" ua ntej ob lub qhov muag);
  • qhov tsos ntawm vagueness los yog intermittency ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug;
  • kev xav ntawm "xiav" hauv qhov muag;
  • liab ntawm qhov muag;
  • photophobia lossis maub adaptation teeb meem;
  • nyuaj los yog tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsom mus sai sai thaum hloov koj lub zeem muag los ntawm qhov ze ze rau ib qho khoom nyob deb thiab rov qab;
  • mob taub hau;

Lub ntsiab kev kuaj mob rau asthenopia yog qhov nce ntawm cov lus tsis txaus siab uas tau piav qhia saum toj no thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis pom kev (ua haujlwm hauv computer, ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv, nyeem ntawv lossis kos duab). Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov tsos mob cuam tshuam yuav txo qis los yog ploj tag nrho thaum so.

Asthenopia

Ob tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus raug mob. Ntxiv mus, qhov teeb meem no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog nruab nrab thiab theem siab, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntawd yog, tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov pej xeem ua haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam txog kev pom kev nyuaj siab rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Thiab yog li cov laj thawj tseem ceeb thiab kev pheej hmoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm asthenopia yog:

  • nyeem ntawv lossis ib qho kev pom kev ua haujlwm hauv lub teeb qis;
  • ua haujlwm hauv computer lossis saib TV ntev;
  • ntev ntawm kev tsav tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj thiab hmo ntuj;
  • ua hauj lwm txuam nrog qhov pom kev tsis tu ncua, piv txwv li, ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus me me (paj ntaub, jeweler txoj haujlwm thiab lwm yam lag luam zoo sib xws);
  • kho tsis raug ntawm ametropia (myopia, farsightedness lossis astigmatism);
  • kab mob dav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob endocrine;
  • qaug cawv;

Hom ntawm asthenopia:

  • Muscular asthenopia. Associated nrog tsis muaj zog ntawm convergence piv txwv li dynamic focusing ntawm ob lub qhov muag ntawm cov khoom taag. Qhov no tuaj yeem nyuaj yog tias cov leeg qhov muag tsis muaj zog.)
  • Kev kho mob astheopia. Kev nyob yog cov txheej txheem physiological ntawm kev hloov lub zog refractive ntawm lub qhov muag thaum pom kev pom ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nws. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub qhov muag muaj xws li: cov leeg nqaij du ntawm cov leeg ciliary, fibers ntawm zonular ligament, choroid thiab lens. Ib qho kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov chaw cia thiab ua rau qee qhov kev tsis txaus siab asthenopic.
  • Kev sib xyaw asthenopia tshwm sim nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev pab.
  • Nervous asthenopia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab lossis ntau yam kev puas hlwb. 
  • Cov tsos mob asthenopia tshwm sim nrog ntau yam pathologies ntawm lub qhov muag thiab cov kab mob nyob ze thiab ploj mus thaum tus kab mob hauv qab no kho tau (1).

Cov leeg nqaij asthenopia feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev kho tsis tau myopia, farsightedness, presbyopia (hnub nyoog ntsig txog farsightedness) lossis astigmatism.

Asthenopic kev tsis txaus siab kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog thawj zaug xaiv cov iav tsis raug lossis cov iav tiv thaiv. Los yog nws muaj peev xwm hais tias myopia lossis presbyopia tau nce mus ntxiv, thiab tus neeg mob tseem siv cov iav qub uas tsis haum rau nws hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm diopter.

Cov leeg nqaij astheopia kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob dav dav uas cuam tshuam rau cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub qhov quav, piv txwv li, kab mob endocrine (thyrotoxicosis), myasthenia gravis lossis myositis.

Nrog myopia, kev ua haujlwm nyob ze tshwm sim nrog kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, uas yog ua los ntawm kev pab ntawm cov leeg hauv plab. Nrog strabismus, asthenopia tshwm sim vim qaug zog vim muaj kev xav kov yeej qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muag.

Ua rau haum astheopia - spasm ntawm kev pab, kho tsis txaus ntawm farsightedness thiab astigmatism, ocular thiab dav pathology ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg ciliary, piv txwv li, inflammatory thiab degenerative kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag. Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob ze, yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa, uas yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov leeg ciliary.

Kev kuaj mob asthenopia:

  • Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov pom kev acuity nrog thiab tsis kho
  • Skiascopy rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nqaim thiab dav (feem ntau hauv cov menyuam yaus).
  • Refractometry nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv nqaim thiab dav.
  • Kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub strabismus lub kaum sab xis siv Hirschberg txoj kev thiab synoptophore;
  • Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov pom kev siv qhov ntsuas plaub-point;
  • Kev ntsuas qhov chaw cia - ib qho screen opaque yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ib lub qhov muag thiab lwm tus yog hais kom nyeem cov ntawv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 33 cm. Tom qab ntawd cov lo ntsiab muag tsis zoo uas muaj zog ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws thiab tso cai rau "tau siv" rau qee lub sijhawm. Lub lens muaj zog tshaj plaws, uas cov ntawv nyeem tseem tuaj yeem nyeem tau, suav tias yog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Thaum 20-30 xyoo nws yog sib npaug rau 10 diopters, tom qab 40 xyoo nws txo.
  • Kev txiav txim siab ntawm fusion reserves yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub synoptophore. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ob feem ntawm daim duab yog txuas ua ke, ces lawv pib cais ib nrab ntawm cov duab kos thiab subjectively txiav txim siab thaum lub qhov muag pib perceive cov duab li 2 txawv sawv daws yuav. Feem ntau, qhov zoo reserves (convergent) yog 15-25 degrees, thiab tsis zoo reserves (divergent) yog 3-5 degrees. Nrog astheopia lawv txo qis. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv lo ntsiab muag prismatic.

Kev kho mob astheopia.

Kev kho mob asthenopia, raws li txoj cai, yog lub sijhawm ntev thiab feem ntau nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub siab xav thiab lub siab xav kom rov zoo. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yog xaiv kom raug kho ntawm ametropia nrog cov tsom iav lossis cov tsom iav. Kev kho mob ntawm qhov ua rau asthenopia, nrog rau cov kab mob extraocular, yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txhawm rau txo qhov spasm ntawm kev pab thiab so cov leeg ciliary, luv-acting mydriatics yog instilled, 1 tee txhua hnub los yog lwm hnub thaum hmo ntuj rau ib hlis.

Cov kev kho mob kho vajtse yog siv los cob qhia cov kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev pabcuam zoo thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lo ntsiab muag ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog, prisms thiab simulators tshwj xeeb (2).

Kho vajtse thiab computer txoj kev kho amblyopia:

  • Synoptophore pab cob qhia thiab txhim kho fusional reserves (lub peev xwm los ua ke cov duab pom ntawm ob lub qhov muag rau hauv ib daim duab).
  • Laser stimulation relaxes cov leeg ciliary. 
  • Tus kws qhia accomodo cuam tshuam rau kev pabcuam thaum saib ze thiab deb, thiab tuaj yeem siv hauv tsev. 
  • Ntau yam khoos phis tawj. Txhawm rau txo qhov muag qaug zog thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm lub computer syndrome - EyeDefender, Safe ob lub qhov muag, RELAX. Yog tias muaj myopia, hypermetropia lossis strabismus, ces EYE, Strabismus, Hniav, Paj, Hla, Contour, thiab lwm yam (3).

Kev kho vajtse muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm asthenopia:

  • Kev kho kom raug thiab raws sijhawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo (myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism).
  • Ua raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab kev so tswj hwm qhov muag. Tom qab txhua teev ntawm qhov muag pom, koj yuav tsum tau so. Lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm dag zog qhov muag.
  • Tsim kom muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv zos thiab dav dav ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
  • Kev siv cov tsom iav tshwj xeeb perforated relieves kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev pab.
  • Noj cov vitamins lossis khoom noj khoom haus rau lub qhov muag thiab noj kom zoo, sib npaug ntawm kev noj haus.
  • Kev ua kis las thiab qoj ib ce.

Kev kwv yees rau asthenopia nrog kev kho mob raws sijhawm thiab ua raws li txhua txoj cai tiv thaiv yog qhov zoo.

 

1. “Binocular functions in ametropia” Shapovalov SL, Milyavsky TI, Ignatieva SA, Kornyushina TA St. Petersburg 2014

2. "Kev kho mob tsis yooj yim ntawm kev kho mob hauv kev mob myopia" Zharov VV, Egorov AV, Konkova LV, Moscow 2008.

3. "Kev kho mob ntawm concomitant strabismus" Goncharova SA, Panteleev GV, Moscow 2004.

Sau ntawv cia Ncua