Keeb kwm me ntsis txog Psilocybe
Tam sim no lub genus (Psilocybe) muaj txog 20 hom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Asmeskas thiab Asian hom tau kawm tsis zoo. Hom ntawm cov genus no yog cosmopolitan thiab tau dav faib rau yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws. Mushrooms ntawm genus saprotrophs. Lawv nyob rau hauv cov av, cov ceg tuag thiab stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muaj nyob rau ntawm sawdust, ntau nyob ntawm sphagnum bogs, peat, thiab quav nyab. Lawv pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntawm hav zoov humus. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ntau cov nceb yog lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv marshy av. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyob rau hom helophytic.
Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej siv. Hauv qee cov ntawv sau ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth, uas piav txog cov kab lis kev cai uas ploj lawm ntawm Aztecs, muaj kev hais txog Indian ritual rites, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog uas lawv siv nceb uas ua rau hallucinations. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qee cov nceb tau paub txog Maya cov pov thawj hauv tebchaws Mexico thaum ub, uas siv lawv hauv kev cai dab qhuas. Cov nceb no tau noj hauv Central America tau ntev heev. Cov Indians xav txog lawv cov nceb saum ntuj los. Txawm tias pob zeb dluab ntawm nceb, revered los ntawm Indians raws li ib tug deity, tau pom.
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej siv. Hauv qee cov ntawv sau ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth, uas piav txog cov kab lis kev cai uas ploj lawm ntawm Aztecs, muaj kev hais txog Indian ritual rites, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog uas lawv siv nceb uas ua rau hallucinations. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qee cov nceb tau paub txog Maya cov pov thawj hauv tebchaws Mexico thaum ub, uas siv lawv hauv kev cai dab qhuas. Cov nceb no tau noj hauv Central America tau ntev heev. Cov Indians xav txog lawv cov nceb saum ntuj los. Txawm tias pob zeb dluab ntawm nceb, revered los ntawm Indians raws li ib tug deity, tau pom.
Ib yam tshuaj hu ua hallucinogenic hu ua psilocybin tau raug cais tawm los ntawm cov nceb uas muaj nyob rau hauv genus. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj no tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws thiab siv los kho qee yam mob hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, khoom psilocybin dhau los ua tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai heev yog tias nws tsis siv rau kev siv tshuaj, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas kho mob.
Los txog tam sim no psilocybin pom nyob rau hauv ib co fungi los ntawm genera paneolus, stropharia, anellaria. Txog 25 hom tam sim no tau muab cais ua cov nceb hallucinogenic, ntawm 75% yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm psilocybe genus, piv txwv li Psilocybe caerulescens, Psilocybe semilanceata, Psilocybe pelliculosa, Psilocybe cubensis.
Tab sis psilocybin Hauv cov nceb hallucinogenic muaj lwm yam khoom uas tseem muaj cov nyhuv psychotropic - psilocin, zoo ib yam li cov qauv rau psilocybin. Hauv cov nceb ntawm genera Stropharia thiab Psilocybe, nrog rau hauv cov genus Paneolus, indole derivatives (tryptamine, thiab lwm yam) tau pom, uas muaj cov nyhuv anticoagulant ntawm cov tshuaj fibrinogen.