Anastomosis yog hais txog kev sib txuas lus ntawm ntau cov hlab ntsha, los yog ntau cov hlab ntsha, los yog ntawm ob peb lub lymphatic hlab ntsha. Lawv tso cai, thaum txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv, kom muab cov hlab ntshav thib ob. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov kev ncig, tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab hu ua collateral circulation. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los xyuas kom meej qhov dej ntawm lub cev, thaum txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev txhais ntawm anastomosis

Anastomosis yog hais txog qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm ntau lub paj hlwb, ob peb cov hlab ntsha, los yog ntau lub lymphatic hlab ntsha. Lawv ua kom nws ua tau, nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, muab cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov ntshav ib tug thib ob txoj kev rau irrigating lub nruab nrog cev, sai li sai tau raws li muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev. Los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv, peb kuj tuaj yeem hais tias qhov anastomosis yog kev sib txuas ntawm ob qhov txuas ntawm tib qhov xwm txheej, uas yog hais los ntawm ob lub tubular cov qauv muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.

Cov anastomoses nyob qhov twg?

Ntau cov hlab ntsha muab feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Thaum cov ceg ntawm ib lossis ntau cov hlab ntsha tuaj ua ke, lawv tsim qhov hu ua anastomosis. Cov anastomoses no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau lub cev ntawm lub cev, thiab lawv muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha uas lawv txuas.

Qhov anastomosis yog dab tsi?

Yog li, cov anastomoses muaj tib txoj cai raws li cov hlab ntsha, lossis cov hlab ntsha, lossis cov hlab ntsha lymphatic uas lawv txuas ua ke: lawv yog cov kav dej lossis cov kav dej, yog li tsim los ntawm lumen, piv txwv li lub qhov uas cov kua circulates (xws li cov ntshav lossis cov qog ntshav. ), thiab los ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob ib puag ncig nws, tshwj xeeb, rau cov hlab ntsha, ib phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov hlwb hu ua endothelial, flattened heev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntshav capillary yog tsim los ntawm peb ntu:

• lub voj capillary, siv rau kev sib pauv metabolic;
• lub metarteriole (qhov chaw seem ntawm cov hlab ntsha, lossis cov hlab ntsha me), ua kom cov ntshav rov qab los;
• thiab ib qho anastomosis, uas doubles no mettereriole, thiab qhib tsuas yog thaum xav tau.

Kuj tseem muaj qhov system ntawm anastomoses nyob rau theem ntawm lub hlwb: qhov no yog Willis polygon.

Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua anastomoses phais, qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb nrog colostomy, uas tso cai rau txoj hnyuv mus txog rau lub plab.

Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm irrigating ib daim ntaub

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm arterial anastomoses yog los tsim lwm txoj hauv kev, yog li hloov cov hlab ntsha thaum cov no raug thaiv. Lawv mam li ua kom muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov dej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.

Yog li, ntau yam ua rau tuaj yeem nres cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub sijhawm luv luv, piv txwv li:

• thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm txav compressing lub nkoj;
• yog tias cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv, vim muaj mob lossis raug mob, lossis thaum phais.

Kev khiav tsheb tsis tas yuav raug txiav tawm, ua tsaug rau cov kev hloov pauv no, uas yog li ntawd cov tsheb thauj mus los.

Polygon ntawm Willis: vascularization ntawm lub hlwb

Lub Willis polygon ua kom cov vascularization ntawm lub hlwb. Nws yog hais txog lub voj voog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab nws kuj yog ib tug anastomotic system, yog li ntawd hloov. Yog li ntawd, nws muab cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb txawm tias ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb puas lossis raug thaiv.

Cov hlab ntsha tsis muaj anastomoses: cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha

Muaj cov hlab ntsha uas tsis muaj anastomoses: lawv hu ua terminal arteries. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog pathology lossis anomaly. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas tsis muaj anastomosis raug thaiv, cov dej ntws ntawm tag nrho cov khoom nruab nrog cev raug tso tseg, uas ua rau nws cov necrosis, uas yog hais txog kev tuag ntawm lub cev. Qee zaum, kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muab cov khoom nruab nrog cev no.

Malformations anevrysmosis

Willis polygon yog lub rooj zaum, feem ntau, ntawm aneurysm malformations, piv txwv li anastomosis anomalies, uas yog dilations tsim hom balloons, hnab ris ntawm cov ntshav, uas nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb, feem ntau nyob rau theem ntawm lawv ceg. Cov kab mob aneurysm cuam tshuam rau 1 mus rau 4% ntawm cov pejxeem, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg yog tsawg heev tab sis nws yog ib qho xwm txheej loj heev, uas yuav ua rau tuag taus.

Nyob rau theem ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam, anastomoses tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev phais mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm anastomosis ntawm txoj hnyuv loj thiab lub plab, hu ua colostomy, uas ib qho kev coj ua piv txwv thaum muaj kev mob necrosis ntawm qib ntawm cov hnyuv. txoj hnyuv, los yog ntawm cov anastomosis ntawm ob feem ntawm cov hnyuv, tom qab resection (ablation) ntawm ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv, feem ntau tom qab ib tug mesenteric infarction inducing necrosis, los yog ib tug qog.

Angiography yog kev kuaj x-ray uas tso cai rau koj pom cov hlab ntsha. Ua los ntawm tus kws kho hluav taws xob lossis tus kws kho mob angiologist, nws yuav tso cai rau kev tshawb pom cov ntshav ncig txawv txav. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas yuav tsis pom ntawm qhov yooj yim X-ray. 

• Nws yog qhov vascularization anomalies nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej uas yuav nrhiav tau (piv txwv li, anomalies ntawm theem ntawm cov hlab ntsha coronary, los yog nyob rau theem ntawm venous network ntawm ob txhais ceg) dua li cov anastomoses lawv tus kheej, uas zoo li them rau cov kev txawv txav. ntawm ob txhais ceg. cov ntaub so ntswg irrigation.
• Aneurysm abnormalities kuj tuaj yeem kuaj pom, tshwj xeeb los ntawm MRI. Kev paub zoo ntawm vascularization ntawm lub hlwb raug tso cai ua tsaug rau kev nce qib hauv kev kuaj pom, xws li arteriography, MRI yog li ntawd, lossis txawm tias suav tomography (scanner), nrog lossis tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.