txheem
Spruce xiav, nws thiab khawb (Picea pungens) is a native of North America. But when she got to Europe, she immediately gained popularity there and quickly mastered the expanses. She is loved for the spectacular color of the needles, symmetrical dense crown, unpretentiousness, wind and drought resistance, and the ability to survive in severe frosts. This spruce is a real long-liver, its age can reach 500 years, however, in the climate, after 40 years, the spruce begins to lose its decorative qualities.
Blue spruce ntau yam
Xwm tau txais txiaj ntsig spruce xiav nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, tab sis cov neeg yug tsiaj tau ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv thiab tsim ntau yam zoo kawg. Thiab niaj hnub no, spruces nrog lub pyramidal thiab cone-shaped crown, dwarfs nrog ib tug kheej kheej thiab oval crown yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Thiab cov xim ntawm cov koob txawv ntawm silvery mus rau tob xiav (1).
Glauca Glauca (Glauca Globosa). Perhaps the most popular variety among gardeners. It was obtained in 1937 from seedlings, and already in 1955 it entered the markets. A dwarf Christmas tree with a beautiful compact dense crown will grow no higher than 2 m, but up to 3 m in diameter. In the first years of life, the crown looks sparse and flattened, but then it acquires a beautiful slightly elongated oval and density. The needles are long, slightly curved, white-blue. Cones are large, light brown. This variety is especially good, grafted onto a tall trunk.
Glauka globoza yog Frost-resistant (tolerates txog -40 ° C), photophilous, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov av nyiam loamy, fertile, me ntsis acidic los yog nruab nrab.
Nyob rau hauv lub vaj, ntau yam no zoo nkaus li zoo nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv rockeries thiab ntawm tuav phab ntsa.
Hoopsie (Hoob). Nws suav hais tias yog qhov bluest ntawm tag nrho cov xiav firs. Qhov ntau yam no yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm German breeders los ntawm Hoops Nursery chaw zov me nyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm ntau yam no muaj qhov tsis sib xws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tug elegant xiav spruce tshwm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, loj hlob me me thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntau, ntau xyoo ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 8 m, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 12 m nrog lub crown. txoj kab uas hla mus txog 3-5 m. Qhov no slender kev zoo nkauj thaum xub thawj zoo li me me sab, tab sis ntom dav heev ua symmetrical, conical, cov paj ntsuab ntsuab ntawm cov nyiaj pib lub hnub ci. Lub zog thiab solidity ntawm no spruce yog muab los ntawm me ntsis tsa ceg (2).
Cov ntau yam yog Frost-resistant (tolerates txog -40 ° C), photophilous, tab sis yooj yim tso nrog me ntsis shading. Av prefers loamy, moderately moist thiab fertile, zoo-drained.
Hauv lub vaj, qhov ntau yam ntawm spruce ua tiav lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas. Yog li ntawd, nws qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub vaj los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug private cheeb tsam tiv thaiv lub backdrop ntawm ib tug nyom. Hupsi tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj rau cov ntsias thiab cov nroj tsuag coniferous recumbent.
Majestic Blue (Majestic Blue). Qhov no cultivar yog lub xeev tsob ntoo ntawm US lub xeev Colorado thiab Utah. Nws tsis yog coincidence tias nws lub npe yog "majestic". Nws yog raws nraim li no: ib tsob ntoo me me txog li 45 m siab thiab mus txog 6 m dav, nrog lub pob tw greyish zoo nkauj thiab xiav-grey koob nrog xiav tint. Thiab cov koob tsis me, 3 cm ntev, tawv, tetrahedral. Lawv cov xim hloov thaum lub xyoo: los ntawm dawb mus rau xiav-xiav los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. Loj cones tshwm rau ntawm no spruce nkaus xwb ntawm cov ntoo tshaj 30 xyoo.
Qhov ntau yam yog Frost-resistant, zam mus txog -40 ° C, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 40-50 xyoo, spruce poob nws cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Lub teeb-hlub, tab sis yooj yim tso nrog shading, txawm li cas los xij, rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Cov av nyiam cov xuab zeb thiab loamy, me ntsis qhuav thiab fertile, zoo-drained, nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm acidic mus rau me ntsis alkaline.
Qhov no ntau yam yog majestic heev uas nws yuav tsum tau ntau qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj loj, nws tuaj yeem ua ib tsob ntoo Christmas, los yog ua lub hauv paus rau ornamental shrubs thiab me me coniferous qoob loo.
Peb hom no yog nrov tshaj plaws ntawm gardeners, tab sis muaj lwm yam uas tsis muaj tsawg nthuav:
- Glauca pendula (Glauca pendula) - 8 - 10 m siab, nrog ib tug ncaj los yog nkhaus crown, dai ceg thiab silver-grey koob;
- Glauca procumbens (Glauca procumbens) - ib tug dwarf daim ntawv siab 20 cm siab nrog ib tug tsis sib xws crown mus txog 1,2 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab silver-xiav koob;
- Glauca prostrata (Glauca prostrata) - dwarf daim ntawv tsis ntau tshaj 40 cm siab nrog lub tiaj tiaj tiaj nyob rau hauv av, mus txog 2 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla;
- Bonfire (Koster) - 10 - 15 m siab, nrog rau ib txwm conical crown thiab xiav-ntsuab koob;
- Misty Xiav - 5 - 7 m siab nrog conical crown thiab xiav-ntsuab koob.
Cog xiav spruce
Rau cov nroj tsuag nrog lub hauv paus kaw (ZKS), lub sij hawm cog zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Hli, rau cov yub nrog lub hauv paus qhib - txog rau thaum nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis thiab thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli - thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog seedlings nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv los yog nrog ib tug ntim earthen clod. Lub qhov av tsaws yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Cov chiv tshwj xeeb, zoo dua nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj chiv los yog chiv tshiab, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau cov chiv nitrogen, nrog rau cov tshauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntxiv nplooj humus, dej xuab zeb thiab stale sawdust los yog koob qhuav rau vaj av.
Thaum cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob faus lub hauv paus dab tshos, yog li ntawd cog nyob rau tib theem li cov yub loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub thawv. Tom qab cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tsob ntoo kom watered abundantly thiab xyuas kom meej watering tsis tu ncua thiab da dej thaum lub caij loj hlob nyob rau hauv huab cua kub.
Thaum cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxoov cov yub los ntawm lub hnub ci.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings rau thawj lub caij ntuj no los ntawm khi lawv nrog spruce ceg los yog burlap.
xiav spruce tu
Ntau yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xiav spruce yog ntau haiv neeg, lub caij ntuj no-hardy, muaj peev xwm loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv lub hnyav aav ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Feem ntau, lawv yog unpretentious, tab sis lawv tseem muaj lawv tus kheej tu nuances.
Hauv pem teb
Cov av rau cog spruce yuav tsum yog xuab zeb los yog loamy, xoob, zoo-drained. Cov dej ntws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw cog, vim tias cov nroj tsuag no tsis zam cov dej stagnation. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov av yog alkaline, ammonium sulfate los yog lub ntiaj teb nrog ib tug litter ntawm coniferous hav zoov yog ntxiv rau cov av.
teeb pom kev zoo
Ib tug zoo nkauj, sib haum xeeb crown ntawm xiav spruce yuav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag hluas thaum cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yuav tsum tau ntxoov ntxoo hauv thawj ob lub lis piam, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tshav kub hauv thawj lub caij ntuj no.
Dej Tshoob Tawm
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, xiav spruce hlob nyob rau hauv me me av noo thiab yog ib tug drought-resistant hom. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cog, txhua yam xav tau kev ywg dej zoo hauv thawj ob xyoos tom qab cog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm cog, watering yog xav tau ib zaug ib lub lim tiam ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 - 12 liv dej rau ib tug yub nrog ib qhov siab ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 0,5 m. Nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, thaum yav tsaus ntuj los yog sawv ntxov teev, da dej - ntxuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txhawm rau khaws cov dej noo, lub cev lub voj voog tuaj yeem mulched nrog ib txheej tuab ntawm cov tawv ntoo lossis sawdust ntawm conifers.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub caij ntuj no zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag yog water-them watering. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntub, nyob rau lub Kaum Hli, nyob rau hauv txhua tsob ntoo coniferous, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ncuav tsawg kawg 20-30 litres dej ntawm cov nroj tsuag me me thiab 50 litres ib meter ntawm crown qhov siab.
chiv
Thaum cog, phosphorus-potassium chiv yog siv thiab stale sawdust ntawm coniferous hom yog siv los ua cua txias.
noj
Ntawm cov av fertile hauv thawj 2 - 3 xyoos tom qab cog, spruce tsis xav tau hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, yog tias tsob ntoo yog tsim los ntawm pruning, tshwj xeeb chiv rau conifers yog siv rau tsob ntoo trunks nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Dawb-loj hlob spruce yog pub tsuas yog tias lawv tsim tsis zoo.
Thaum cov koob tig daj thiab poob, nrog rau thawj xyoo ntawm kev cog, lawv xyaum txau cov yas nrog kev daws ntawm Epin thiab Ferrovit.
xiav spruce yug me nyuam
Blue spruce yog propagated los ntawm noob, lub caij ntuj no cuttings thiab grafting. Nws yog hom no uas yooj yim rau propagate los ntawm noob dua los ntawm cuttings.
Noob. Nrog rau txoj kev noob ntawm cultivation, varietal yam ntxwv tsis khaws cia. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau txoj kev no, muaj lub caij nyoog kom tau txais cov nroj tsuag nrog cov xim sib sib zog nqus, xws li, piv txwv li, tau tshwm sim nrog yug ntawm Hupsi ntau yam.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov noob yog tshiab thiab mus los ntawm txoj kev ntawm stratification. 2-3 hnub ua ntej sowing, cov noob raug xa mus rau qhov chaw sov thiab qhuav. Sowing yog nqa tawm mus rau qhov tob ntawm 1-2 cm nyob rau hauv lub thawv los yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj, ntxiv fungicides thiab chiv rau conifers rau lub teeb substrate. Cov qoob loo tsis tu ncua watered thiab ventilated, tom qab 2-3 xyoos lawv tau hloov mus rau lub txaj yug me nyuam, thiab tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoo lawv tau cog rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Kev txiav tawm. Rooting cuttings yog nqa tawm los ntawm sab sauv ceg ntawm niam nroj tsuag yam tsawg kawg yog 6-8 xyoo. Lawv ua qhov no nyob rau hnub huab cua nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis, Lub Rau Hli, Lub Yim Hli lossis Lub Kaum Hli, rhuav tshem ib ceg nrog pob taws - ib daig ntawm pob tw. Kev txiav zoo yuav tsum yog 7-10 cm ntev.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab sau qoob loo, cov koob qis dua raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov txiav thiab cov seem yog plua plav nrog cov hmoov ntawm lub hauv paus tsim stimulator (piv txwv li, Heteroauxin). Tom qab ntawd cov cuttings yog cog nyob rau hauv pots nrog lub teeb fertile av ntawm ib tug kaum sab xis ntawm 30 °, tob 2-3 cm. Cov lauj kaub yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj los yog npog nrog ib lub hnab yas. Ib zaug ib hnub ntawm tsaws nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ventilate.
Ua siab ntev - cov txheej txheem rooting tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog ib xyoos. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis tu ncua dej thiab ventilate cov nroj tsuag. Ib zaug txhua 2 lub lis piam, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog ntawm Heteroauxin rau hauv dej.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, rooted cuttings yog cog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog teem nyob rau hauv lub canopy ntawm cov ntoo. Tsuas yog tom qab peb lossis plaub xyoos, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem cog rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Blue spruce kab mob
Rust (spruce spinner). Cov kab mob fungal uas thawj zaug tshwm ntawm cov tawv ntoo hauv daim ntawv me me, txiv kab ntxwv o nrog lub cheeb ntawm 0,5 cm. Tom qab ntawd cov koob pib tig daj thiab poob tawm. Cones kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm xeb.
Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua sau kab mob thiab cones, txiav thiab hlawv cov ceg cuam tshuam los ntawm fungus. Cov nroj tsuag mob yuav tsum tau txau nrog Hom (tooj liab oxychloride) (3) lossis Rakurs. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, txau nrog Bordeaux kua yog nqa tawm.
shutte. Lub culprit ntawm tus kab mob yog ib tug pathogenic fungus. Nws cuam tshuam rau spruce nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, nquag tsim nyob rau hauv cov daus npog. Yog li ntawd, cov koob xim av nrog cov txheej dawb tshwm rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Cov kab mob cuam tshuam tuaj yeem nyob ntawm spruce rau lwm xyoo, kis tus kab mob. Schutte cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj loj tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm spruce.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txau nrog Bordeaux kua los yog kev daws ntawm colloidal sulfur yog siv. Hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob, cov ceg cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm thiab spruce yog txau peb zaug nrog kev daws ntawm Hom lossis Lub kaum sab xis (3).
Blue spruce pests
Spruce kab laug sab mite. Attacks spruce ntoo nyob rau hauv lub kub qhuav lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo. Cov mite puas tsuaj rau cov koob thiab ua rau lawv yooj yim rau cov kab mob fungal. Nrog rau cov kab mob muaj zog, koob tig xim av thiab crumble, cobwebs tshwm rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Rau kev tiv thaiv, tsis tu ncua dousing ntawm tsob ntoo crowns nrog dej yog xyaum. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov zuam nkaus xwb los ntawm kev kho cov kab mob nrog Actellik, Antiklesh, Fitoverm (3). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua yam tsawg kawg 3 kev kho mob txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli.
Spruce sawfly. Me me sawfly larvae nquag noj koob. Tab sis peb pom cov kev puas tsuaj no tsuas yog thaum cov koob hluas ua xim liab-xim av.
Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev kis kab mob, tshuaj tsuag nrog Actellik lossis Fury yog qhov zoo. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm sawfly yog Pinocid. Cov tshuaj yog txau rau ntawm tsob ntoo 2-3 zaug. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv kuj dej cov av ntawm tsob ntoo trunks.
Spruce-fir hermes. Ib tug me me aphid kis cov nroj tsuag, tawm hauv twisted thiab yellowing saum ntawm tua. Pests hibernate nyob rau hauv lub folds ntawm bark.
Hermes tsuas tuaj yeem kov yeej nrog txoj hauv kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txau nrog tooj liab sulphate, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo caum ntawm lub rau hli ntuj - Aktellik, Komandor, Fufanon nrog watering tsob ntoo trunks nrog Aktara txoj kev daws. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj - kev kho mob nrog ib tug daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate.
Nrov lus nug thiab lus teb
Peb nug txog xiav spruce Agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - Nws teb cov lus nug nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov.
Qhov chaw ntawm
- Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm perennial herbaceous, woody coniferous thiab deciduous nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv nroog landscaping // Conifers ntawm boreal cheeb tsam, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-li- rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
- Gerd Krussman. Coniferous breeds. // M., Kev lag luam ntoo, 1986, 257 p.
- Lub xeev catalog ntawm tshuaj tua kab thiab agrochemicals tau pom zoo siv nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Federation raws li lub Xya hli ntuj 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture ntawm lub Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/