Kab mob thiab kab tsuag ntawm fungi: piav qhia thiab txoj kev tswj

Zoo li txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus, cov nceb tsis tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Ntawm cov kab mob fungal ntau tshaj plaws uas kis tus kab mob mycelium thaum cog, ntau yam pob thiab rots tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi. Cov kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob yog yoov, zuam, yoov tshaj cum, nematodes thiab ntau hom nas.

Kev loj hlob nceb yog qhov nthuav thiab tswj tau zoo. Kev sau qoob loo ntau nyob ntawm ntau yam. Qee lub sij hawm tus neeg tsim khoom tsis tau txais cov qoob loo tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm abiotic thiab biotic yam. Thawj muaj xws li cov txheeb ze humidity, kub, noo noo theem nyob rau hauv compost thiab av. Biotic yam muaj xws li kab mob thiab kab tsuag ntawm fungi. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob fungi thaum muaj xwm txheej tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm mycelium, compost nrog cov cim tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov yam ntxwv biotic tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws thaum loj hlob nceb, vim cov kab mob uas lawv ua tau zoo ib yam hauv lawv cov tsos mob. Tom qab tag nrho, txhawm rau kho tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm nws qhov ua rau, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov tsos mob.

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kab mob fungal, nrog rau txoj hauv kev los daws lawv hauv kab lus no.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm fungi

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob fungal yog cov kab mob parasitic fungi thiab antagonists, kab mob, kab mob thiab kab tsuag (nematodes, mites, yoov). Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj tus kab mob no, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub koob yees duab, lub iav tsom iav, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg koj qhov kev kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum xa cov qauv mus rau qhov chaw kuaj xyuas.

Parasitic fungi, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau cov nceb loj tuaj. Parasitic fungi yog txawv los ntawm ntau yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov qauv spore-cov kabmob. Feem ntau ntawm cov fungi tsis cuam tshuam rau mycelium, tab sis lub cev fruiting. Thaum cov kab mob tshwm sim sai, cov nceb yuav puas. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev loj hlob lossis ua kom puas tsuaj tag nrho.

Cov nyhuv ntawm antagonist fungi ntawm cultivated fungi yog to taub tsis zoo. Feem ntau lawv tshwm sim vim yog npaj tsis tsim nyog compost. Qee hom nceb loj hlob thiab tsim ua ke nrog mycelium ntawm cov nceb cog qoob loo, tshem tawm lawv cov as-ham. Lwm cov antagonists tshwm sim tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm mycelium thiab muaj kev nyuaj siab rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm mycelium, ncua nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txo qhov tawm los. Cov kab mob antagonist tuaj yeem pom hauv cov nplooj lwg lossis hauv av los ntawm mycelium lossis spores. Lawv kuj feem ntau hu ua plaster pwm, lipstick pwm, txiv ntseej pwm.

Cov cuab yeej siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov nceb tsis tuaj yeem siv rau lwm hom kev ua haujlwm. Txwv tsis pub, spores tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm cov av mus rau substrate.

Weed nceb kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob nrog rau cov cog qoob loo. Piv txwv li, ink fungus feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv nceb. Nws tsim thaum lub substrate yog waterlogged thiab dawb ammonia nyob rau hauv nws.

Ink nceb tsuas tuaj yeem sau tau txhua hnub thiab rhuav tshem kom lawv tsis txhob stain lub hnab. Thaum lub sij hawm, lawv tsis tshwm sim. Tab sis cov qoob loo ntawm cov nceb cog tau poob qis vim tias cov nceb nceb tau siv qee yam ntawm lawv cov as-ham.

Grey dung beetle yog kev sib tw oyster nceb. Nws noj lawv cov as-ham, yog li txo yields. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev cog thiab rhuav tshem. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws qhov tshwm sim, koj tsis tuaj yeem pub cov nroj tsuag ze ntawm lub txaj nrog oyster nceb.

Cov kab mob ua si ob lub luag haujlwm hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm nceb. Qee hom kab mob tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav ntawm mycelium, rau lub substrate; lwm tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau mob hnyav. Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob nto moo tshaj plaws thiab mob hnyav ntawm cov kab mob cultivated yog tshwm sim los ntawm bacillus. Cov kab mob nyob hauv mycelium thiab tsis cuam tshuam nws txoj kev loj hlob. Tab sis lawv retard kev loj hlob ntawm fruiting lub cev, ua rau lawv deformity.

Kab mob nyob rau hauv cultivation ntawm nceb

Brown plaster tshwm sim los ntawm xim av pwm fungus. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau champignons. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dawb ammonia nyob rau hauv ib tug nyoos los yog unripe substrate. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laj thawj rau nws cov tsos tuaj yeem nce cov av noo ntawm huab cua thiab substrate thiab qhov cua tsis txaus. Tus neeg sawv cev ua rau pub rau tib cov as-ham xws li nceb, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem hu ua tus khub fungus. Cov pob dawb ntawm ntau yam duab tshwm nyob rau ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv txheej los yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm substrate. Yog hais tias mycelium yog rubbed nrog ntiv tes, ces tus yam ntxwv tsw qab zib yog hnov. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov pob pib tsaus ntuj los ntawm nruab nrab. Yog li kev sib cav pib. Spores yog xim av-xim kas fes. Cov pob dawb maj mam ploj mus, thiab cov spores ua tsis pom.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo compost thiab pasteurize lub substrate. Chav tsev yuav tsum tau ventilated tas li, thiab lub substrate yuav tsum tau pollinated nrog gypsum.

kab mob truffle pom ntau zaus nyob rau hauv ob-ringed champignon thiab yog tshwm sim los ntawm Diehliomyces microsporias (Diehl thiab Lamb.) Gil. Cov truffle cuav nyob hauv av. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate thaum lub sij hawm composting rau hauv av. Nws pib tsim sai heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm substrate. Lub mycelium ntawm qhov cuav truffle tsis pom thaum xub thawj. Nws inhibits nceb mycelium, fruiting ntawm uas yog sharply txo. Maj mam, mycelium ntawm cov kab mob fungus tuag tag thiab cov substrate ua nkig, nws twb tau pom tuab filaments ntawm mycelium - rhizomorphs. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov kab mob me me tau tsim rau ntawm lawv, zoo li lub paj hlwb ntawm tus nyuj. Cov no yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm fungus. Lawv yog yellowish dawb. Tom qab ntawd lawv darken thiab ploj mus, raws li lawv tawg mus rau hauv spores uas kis tau tus tshiab substrate. Spores yog siv tau heev. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus kev kho cua sov ntawm lub substrate.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv hom kab mob fungal no, tsis txhob muab tshuaj txhuam rau hauv av hauv av. Nyob rau hauv pawg, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum siab npaum li qhov ua tau. Compost aav yuav tsum sib tov. Tom qab txiav, cov dab tshos yuav tsum tau txau nrog 1% kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate. Lub npog txheej yuav tsum tau kho thermally. Cov substrate uas muaj kab mob yuav tsum nco ntsoov muab ntim ua ntej nws muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kev hloov ntawm spores los ntawm nws mus rau cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig.

Kab mob spotting tshwm raws li qhov tsaus nti ntawm mycelium. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no yog bacterioses uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug waterlogged substrate. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias lub substrate tau dhau los tsis txaus lossis tsis raug kev kho cua sov, lossis yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis tau pom thaum lub sij hawm incubation ntawm substrate. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal mycelium, tag nrho cov kev cai tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tsim nyog microclimate yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas.

Lub substrate kuj qee zaum cuam tshuam los ntawm trichoderma. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov pwm ntsuab ntawm nws, uas txo cov yields. Kab mob substrate yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov substrate rau kev kho cua sov kom zoo. Nws kuj tseem pom tau tias qhov kev xaiv substrate tsis tshua muaj kev kis tus kab mob no.

Qee lub sij hawm cov nceb loj hlob nrog lub kaus mom me me ntawm lub qia nyias. Txhawm rau kho cov nyhuv no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov cua hauv chav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov kiv cua ib txwm siv lossis ua lub tshuab cua nrog lub nozzles tawm ntawm lub hnab yas.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txau txhua chav 2-2% tshuaj dawb 4 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau kaw rau 2 hnub. Tom qab ntawd ventilate zoo rau 2 hnub. Ob zaug hauv ib xyoos, tag nrho cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog 1% tshuaj dawb. Tag nrho cov seem ntawm lub substrate yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm.

rusty spotting zoo nkaus li zoo-txhais xeb me ntsis. Lawv tsaus ntuj dhau sijhawm. Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal no tshwm sim ntawm cov av noo siab. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov cog ib zaug. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob, txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau hauv dej rau kev siv dej.

Txhua hom kab mob fungus muaj cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob zoo li cov kab mob. Lawv tuaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm kev txhim kho cov kab mob fungi tsis paub. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem hais meej yog tias tag nrho cov kab mob thiab lawv cov khoom ua rau txo qis lossis txawm tias poob tawm, mus rau ntau yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob fungal (thaum ntxov qhib ntawm lub cev. cap, dhau elongated ceg).

Dawb rot - ib qho ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm cultivated nceb. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tag nrho cov cog qoob loo. Lub causative tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob no fungal yog nyob rau hauv casing av. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob. Cov nceb cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab hlawv. Ridges yuav tsum tau watered nrog tshuaj tua kab mob tshuaj chlorine.

Qhuav rot kuj feem ntau kis kab mob cultivated fungi. Nws cov kab mob yog nyob rau hauv cov av npog. Nws cuam tshuam rau cultivated nceb - xim av me ntsis tshwm rau lawv. Ob txhais ceg ntawm cov nceb cuam tshuam ua tuab, hauv cov nceb qub lawv txawm tawg. Xws li fungi yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thiab rhuav tshem. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tua kab mob ntawm cov av npog.

Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob fungal tau qhia hauv cov duab no:

Pests ntawm cultivated nceb

Cov kab mob ntawm cov nceb cultivated yog nceb yoov, mites, yoov tshaj cum, nematodes, nas zoo li nas.

nceb yoov feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cultivated fungi thiab puas mycelium thiab fruiting lub cev, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav raug cov kab mob. yoov tuaj ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv nyiam los ntawm qhov tsw ntawm nceb. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa nrog lub substrate. Feem ntau cov yoov kis kab mob hauv huab cua sov, thaum huab cua kub siab tshaj 17 ° C.

Mushroom yoov loj heev thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob thiab maturation ntawm mycelium. Lub sijhawm no, lub substrate nyob hauv chav. Nws feem ntau khaws cia rau 5-6 lub lis piam, thiab cov larvae loj hlob mus rau cov neeg laus ya ya nyob rau hauv 24-38 hnub ntawm huab cua kub ntawm 20-30 ° C. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab tsuag nrog nws cov kev ntsuas zoo, xws li kub thiab av noo.

Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm qhov tsos ntawm larvae ntawm cov kab mob fungal no yog cov chaw tsaus nyob ze ntawm qhov perforation ntawm cov kab mob fungal.

Qhov phom sij nce ntxiv yog tias cov khoom muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv chav tsev ( yoov thiab yoov tshaj cum uas nyob hauv qhov qub thaiv kab mob tshiab). Kab tsuag nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hauv polyethylene thiab nteg lawv cov qe. Cov larvae uas tshwm sim los ntawm lawv ua rau cov mycelium puas, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog kis los ntawm cov pwm thiab kab mob.

Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los tawm tsam cov nceb yoov yog kev tiv thaiv. Lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ua ntej cog cov mycelium rau hauv substrate. Txhua qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej tso lub substrate thiab thaum lub sij hawm tu cov nceb ntxiv. Chav tsev yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si thiab tua kab mob. Yog tias huab cua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm muaj cov vapors ntau thiab cov pa phem, ces nws raug nquahu kom siv lub npog ntsej muag roj thaum ua haujlwm.

Yog tias kev tsim cov nceb loj heev, ces kev npaj tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov kab laus. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, tag nrho chav yuav tsum tau fumigated nrog khub ntawm Monofos lossis Pogos npaj (1000 g ib 800 m). Tom qab ntawd, chav tsev yuav tsum raug kaw rau ob peb teev. Tom qab ntawd ua kom cua zoo thiab rov ua haujlwm tom qab ob peb hnub. Cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj lom muaj zog, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua haujlwm nrog lawv. Lub teeb ntxiab, daim nplaum nplaum, lub tshuab nqus tsev tes kuj siv los tua yoov. Lawv kuj raug tshem tawm los ntawm qee qhov tsw, xws li vanilla.

Rau tib lub hom phiaj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab chav rau incubation thiab cultivation cais ntawm ib leeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yoov tshaj cum muaj peev xwm tso lawv cov larvae ntawm lub substrate.

Slugs kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm lub substrate. Lawv lwj lub cev fruiting ntawm nceb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv slugs, poov tshuaj ntsev los yog superphosphate yog siv, uas yog sprinkled on av 3-4 zaug ib xyoos.

yoov tshaj cum yog ib qho kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau champignons thiab oyster nceb. Qhov no yog kab me me heev tsuas yog 3 hli ntev. Cov yoov tshaj cum ya sai thiab zoo, txav mus rau hauv chav tsev uas nws tsw qab qab ntawm nplooj lwg thiab mycelium. Txhua tus poj niam muaj peev xwm nteg txog 200 qe. Tom qab ob peb hnub, larvae tshwm los ntawm lawv, zoo ib yam li cov kab dawb nrog lub taub hau dub. Lawv ntev 4-6 hli thiab tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim nrog qhov muag liab qab. Lawv nyob 12-20 hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus larvae tswj kom puas tag nrho cov qoob loo. Lawv noj cov nceb thiab mycelium. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kuj poob qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, yoov tshaj cum nqa zuam, spores ntawm pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes.

Cov larvae maj mam tig mus rau hauv pupae, tom qab 4-7 hnub - mus rau cov neeg laus.

Cov kab no loj hlob sai heev thiab muaj fecundity siab. Lawv yuav luag instantly sau tag nrho mycelium. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los daws lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, piv txwv li, txhawm rau tiv thaiv thawj qhov nteg qe ntawm kab tsuag hauv substrate. Vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog rau nruab zoo-mesh nets ntawm qhov qhib qhov cua. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev nws tus kheej, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj siab tshaj. Tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsum raug kaw thiab kaw qhov rooj; Koj tuaj yeem dai cov nplaum nplaum, siv cov nplaum nplaum zoo tib yam tiv thaiv yoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau lub hom phiaj no, qee tus neeg ua liaj ua teb siv lub teeb ntxiab, thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb.

Yog hais tias tag nrho cov saum toj no tsis ua hauj lwm, ces nws yog tsim nyog los siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Lawv feem ntau yog siv los tua kab mob ntawm cov voj voog ntau lawm lossis kho qhov chaw ntawm substrate thiab npog cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub mycelium nyuam qhuav pib loj hlob. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tsis pub dhau 25 hnub ua ntej pib sau qoob.

Yog hais tias cov lus thiab koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab raug ua txhaum cai, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis zoo, ncua kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob fungal, thiab ua rau cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab seem hauv cov nceb. Yog li ntawd, txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb pickers yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj tua kab thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, txhua yam khoom siv thiab khau yuav tsum tau tshuaj tua kab mob nrog 50% formalin tov. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej.

Cov kua dej ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj txiag ntau: tsis pub ntau tshaj 0,2 l / m rau compost, thiab rau cov ntaub npog me ntsis ntxiv - 1 l / m. Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob yoov tshaj cum yog kev npaj microbiological raws li Bacillus Thuringiensis. Tab sis lawv cov koob tshuaj ua haujlwm tsawg dua - txog 25-30 g / m, txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no muaj kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.

Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pej xeem tiv thaiv kab mob yoov tshaj cum. Lub txaj yuav tsum tau them nrog txiv lws suav saum, txau nrog dill roj.

Kev tswj xyuas kom zoo thiab kev huv huv hauv thiab ib puag ncig ntawm chav nceb yuav tsum tau hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Koj tseem yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kab mob wormy fruiting lub cev los ntawm mycelium.

Table "Cov tshuaj pom zoo tawm tsam fungal yoov tshaj cum ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nceb":

pliers kuj yog kab tsuag rau nceb yog tias lawv loj hlob ntawm straw substrate. Hauv qhov loj, mites me dua yoov tshaj cum - txog 1 hli. Lawv lub cev yog oval, tiaj tus, daj, dawb los yog liab dawb. Cov neeg laus muaj 4 khub ob txhais ceg, thaum larvae muaj 3 khub. Tus poj niam nteg txog li 400 qe. Cov zuam tuaj yeem txav tau sai thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov khaub ncaws, ua rau khaus khaus heev. Tick ​​​​larvae puas lub mycelium, cov neeg laus ua rau txav mus rau hauv lub cev fruiting.

Ticks nkag mus rau hauv mycelium nrog rau straw. Lawv loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv underpasteurized los yog tsis zoo fermented substrate. Yuav kom tshem tau ntawm lawv, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hloov cov quav cab.

Lwm hom mites nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate nrog rau cov quav. Tus poj niam nteg txog 40 qe nyob rau hauv lub substrate los yog npog hauv av. Tus zuam tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm ob peb hnub mus rau ib hlis. Nyob rau hauv cov nceb cuam tshuam los ntawm mites, lub hauv paus ntawm qia tig xim av, lub kaus mom ua liab dawb.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob ntawm cov substrate nrog mites, nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm 59 ° C rau li 12 teev. Cov av npog yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob rau 8 teev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 ° C. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub txaj ntawm nceb, tshuaj tsuag nrog kev npaj tsim nyog.

Nematodes kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov kab tsuag ntawm cultivated nceb. Lawv yog cov kab me me 0,5 mm ntev. Lawv lub qhov ncauj apparatus zoo ib yam li ib tug dagger. Ntawm nws lawv prick lub threads ntawm mycelium. Koj tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Lawv tuaj yeem yuav luag ib txwm pom hauv champignon substrate. Muaj ntau hom nematodes: qee qhov nqus tawm tag nrho cov as-ham los ntawm mycelial hlwb, txo cov qoob loo ntawm nceb; Lwm cov khoom ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb alkalize lub substrate, yog li deteriorating nws zoo. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog cov nematodes uas devour mycelium.

Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm nematodes tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim heev. Lub substrate nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho chaw yuav tsaus, ntub; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kis tau tus ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Mycelium yeej tsis loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam no. Xws li thaj chaw barren yog thawj kos npe ntawm nematode kab mob. Yog tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv, ces lawv sai sai txav mus rau theem swarming. Nyob rau theem no, txhua kab ntawm cov xim dawb yog tsim rau ntawm cov khoom siv npog. Lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0,5 cm siab thiab sawv cev rau kaum thiab pua pua txhiab tus neeg. Swarming nematodes yog ib qho yooj yim mus nqa los ntawm substrate thiab txav mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ua los ntawm ob tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam thiab kab.

Txhawm rau zam qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai tu cev thaum lub caij sau qoob. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev sau thiab ua ntej unloading lub substrate, chav yuav tsum tau steamed.

Cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam nematodes yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm fermentation ntawm compost heap. Qhov tshwm sim nematode hom yog tiv taus rau ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig, txawm tias muaj ntau ntawm hydrogen sulfide thiab ammonia. Lawv tsuas ntshai qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, lub substrate rau kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau zoo cuam tshuam thiab pasteurized.

Woodlice, springtails kuj ua mob cultivated fungi. Lawv tawm tsam mycelium. Cov invertebrates no nyob hauv av thiab nkag mus rau hauv substrate thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov av. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los npaj lub substrate rau hauv av los yog npaj txaj rau hauv pem teb earthen.

dung yab kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov kab tsuag ntawm cultivated nceb. Nws poj niam nteg 30 qe rau hauv quav. Cov larvae uas tshwm sim los ntawm lawv xaus rau ntawm cog nrog rau cov quav. Lawv feem ntau yog ob peb millimeters ntev, nrog lub taub hau dub. Cov larvae yog heev voracious, lawv noj fruiting lub cev, gnawing passages nyob rau hauv lawv. Heev sai sai, cov neeg laus yog yug los ntawm larvae, uas kis tau ntau yam kab mob ntawm fungi, nrog rau cov zuam thiab nematodes. Lwm hom yoov kuj muaj kev phom sij rau fungi. Cov kab no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj tsim nyog.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob fungal

Txhua yam kab mob tau mob ntawm qee lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev zam. Nws paub tias txhua yam kab mob yog yooj yim los tiv thaiv dua li kho. Thiab nceb yog tsis muaj kev zam. Tag nrho cov nceb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob fungi, kab mob phem.

Cov tom kawg yog feem ntau muaj ntau yam kab mob. Txhua yam yog sib cuam tshuam hauv mycelium, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los tiv thaiv tus kab mob dua li kho nws; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.

Kev tswj kab tsuag hauv kev loj hlob ntawm nceb yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov kab tsuag nyob hauv qhov tob hauv substrate thiab tsis pom.

Txoj cai tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob yog kev ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb hauv mycelium. Parasites yeej tsis tso siab rau thiab tsis zam txim rau kev ua yuam kev hauv pasteurization, composting cov tswv yim, ua txhaum cai los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm huv cov cai thiab kev saib xyuas microclimate. Ntau lub teb chaws qhia tag nrho cov kev nplua rau kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev huv huv. Qhov no feem ntau hloov mus ua tau zoo heev.

Feem ntau ua rau thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag yog cov huab cua tsis zoo, tsis zoo pasteurized compost, tsis zoo sterilized av sib tov, kab mob cog mycelium, tsis ncaj ncees sterilization ntawm cov cuab yeej, ua txhaum cai huv si nyob rau hauv lub mycelium.

Txhua yam kab mob uas tau nyob hauv mycelium tam sim ntawd kis mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov fungi, nrog kev pab los ntawm kab thiab mites. Cov kab mob fungal yog pauv los ntawm tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum sau qoob, los ntawm kab. Cov kab mob yog nkag mus rau hauv mycelium nrog tee dej thaum lub sij hawm irrigation, nrog rau cov neeg laus kab. Tag nrho cov kab tsuag lawv tus kheej nkag thiab tawg, nkaum hauv txhua qhov me me hauv ntoo. Kom lawv tawm ntawm qhov ntawd yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

Jacques Delmas, tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis, tau tsim 10 cov lus txib, kev ua raws cai uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob yuav luag txhua yam teeb meem thiab teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tw lossis kab mob cab ntawm cov kab mob fungi. Nov yog cov lus txib.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshuaj tua kab mob txhua yam uas cuam tshuam nrog nceb - cov no yog chav, cov cuab yeej, khoom siv, lub thawv, pob tawb rau nceb, thiab lwm yam.

Rau cov nceb nceb, cov chav cais yuav tsum tau xaiv kom cov kab mob txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lawv. Txhua txoj kev nkag ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag yuav tsum raug thaiv.

Cov av npog rau kev loj hlob nceb yuav tsum tau sterilized los yog coj twb sterilized. Ntau hom kab mob tuaj yeem nyob hauv nws. Sterilized yog ib qho sib tov uas tau kho nrog chav lossis formalin. Sterile av yog mined los ntawm underground.

Tag nrho cov pov tseg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim.

Qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob lom, xws li cov khib nyiab khib nyiab, cov quav, cov nceb, thiab cov khoom pov tseg, yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ze ntawm mycelium. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa phem thiab vapors faib los ntawm lub qhov cua.

Chav tsev uas muaj tus kab mob tshwm sim yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm tam sim ntawd los ntawm tus so thiab ntxuav kom huv si.

Nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub tshuab composting precisely. Composting yuav tsum tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub pob zeb. Nco ntsoov tias nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb feem ntau muaj ntau yam kab mob sib txawv, kab mob.

Compost yuav tsum tau npaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej qhov kub thiab txias, huab cua humidity thiab aeration. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub substrate yuav xaiv rau cov fungus, piv txwv li, nws yuav haum rau fungi, thiab tsis yog rau kev sib tw microorganisms.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fungus, ib tug yuav tsum ib txwm mob siab rau saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm microclimate.

Tag nrho cov hauj lwm hauv mycelium yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia los ntawm cov chaw uas cov nceb yog nyuam qhuav pib loj hlob, rau cov uas lawv tau sau, uas yog, los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov qoob loo mus rau cov laus. Koj tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov sib txawv.

Kev ua raws li cov lus txib no ib txwm pib nrog kev tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm txawm nyob rau hauv tshiab myceliums, ua ntej loading lub compost. Yog hais tias qhov no yog ib lub foob pob tawg, mine ua hauj lwm los yog lwm chav tsev nrog pob zeb phab ntsa, ces lawv nto thiab qab nthab yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si. Yog hais tias hauv pem teb yog earthen, ces lub sab saum toj txheej yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Pob zeb qab nthab thiab phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntxuav dawb. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv 30% kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate rau txiv qaub. Whitening yog tsim nyog tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yuav yog tus yuam sij kom huv si, yuav luag tsis muaj cua. Hauv lwm chav, phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

Rau kev tiv thaiv microbiological ntawm substrate los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau propagate cov kab mob thermophilic hauv nws.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv mycelium yog kev tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw thaum kawg ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv substrate. Tag nrho lwm yam yuav siv tau yog tias thawj ob qho xwm txheej tau ua raws nraim. Tag nrho cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag rov tsim dua hauv ib lub sijhawm. Lawv xav tau nws rau txoj kev loj hlob, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv yuav pib inhibit mycelium ntawm fungus cultivated. Nws yog tseeb tias lawv sai sai nyob rau hauv mycelium, lawv yuav ua phem ntau dua. Hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, siv cov substrate plays lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab, vim nws nyob hauv nws uas spores, larvae ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag tau khaws cia. Yog hais tias lub qub substrate raug tshem tawm ntawm ib tug stretcher los yog wheelbarrow, ces nws seem, txawm lub me tshaj hais, tej zaum yuav poob tawm raws txoj kev. Yog hais tias cov substrate siv tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab ntawm mycelium los yog tshem tawm ntawm tib lub thauj uas yog siv rau lub substrate tshiab, ces nyob rau hauv xws li mob yuav tsis muaj zoo sau.

Cov siv substrate tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Thawj zaug, nws raug tshem tawm thiab tua kab mob. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los coj nws kom deb li deb tau lossis muag rau cov tswv ntawm tsev cog khoom. Txawm li cas los, ua ntej no, lub substrate yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej los yog ib tug 4% formalin tov, ib tug 1% tov ntawm tooj liab sulfate los yog chlorinated phenol. Cov substrate ntub dej muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li qhuav substrate. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev thib ob, lub substrate yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntawm qhov chaw lossis kho thermally. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub chamber yuav tsum tau kho thermally. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tua kab mob: los ntawm steaming thiab chemically. Thaum steaming, chav tsev yog kho rau 12 teev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70-100 ° C. Nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum deb tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov cub, ib lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm compost thiab saib xyuas nws cov kev nyeem ntawv. Muab dej vapor rau lub chamber. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 70 ° C, pib lub sijhawm. Tus neeg xaiv cov nceb yuav tsum tau thermally insulated, thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev txheej nws tus kheej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias chav tsis poob rau nws. Yog tias cov phab ntsa sab hauv tsis yog airtight, lawv yuav tsum tau them nrog cov ntawv yas. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav pab rhuav tshem cov kab mob. Cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tsev yuav tsum tiv taus txhua qhov kub hloov pauv. Cov tsev uas tsis tau npaj rau qhov no sai heev yuav siv tsis tau. Yog tias koj yug cov nceb hauv ntau, ces chav sterilization yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txoj kev no kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Nyob rau hauv me me myceliums nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm npaj cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub ntees, nws yog zoo dua mus nqa tawm tshuaj thermal kho. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog raws li nram no: hmoov sulfur yuav tsum tau tov nrog ammonium los yog poov tshuaj nitrate nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 3, muab tso rau hlau lauj kaub thiab teem rau hluav taws. Kaw lub chav kom nruj. Nws yuav tig tawm sulfur dioxide, uas yuav tua kab mob hauv chav. Qhov concentration ntawm sulfur dioxide nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 40 mg / m. Txwv tsis pub, chav tsev yuav nyuaj heev rau qhov cua. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau cua nws tsawg kawg 10 hnub.

Txoj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws yog fumigate chav nrog methylene bromide. Kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam zoo tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20-25 ° C ntawm ib koob ntawm 600 g ib teev / m, zoo li chav tsev tau kho nrog 1% methyl bromide rau 17 teev. Tab sis tsis pub dhau 16 teev, qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj (fumigant) txo qis los ntawm 2 zaug, yog li cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau npaj ob zaug ua ntej. Methylene bromide yuav tsum tau siv nrog 2% chloropyrkine, vim hais tias yav tas los tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab kua muag roj yuav pom tam sim ntawd.

Cov ntoo ntoo ib txwm ua lub vaj tse zoo rau ntau yam kab thiab kab tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis zam qhov kev kho mob zoo heev, vim lawv sai sai. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntoo ntoo yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog parachlorophenolate los yog sodium pentachlorophenolate. Lawv yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv tsob ntoo los ntawm kev lwj, tab sis kuj yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kab. Nws kuj tseem ua tau kom moisten cov ntoo nrog cov tshuaj bleach thiab carbolic acid tom qab txhua qhov kev kho cua sov. Lub substrate kho yog disinfected nrog tib sib tov.

Koj tuaj yeem ua ke nrog chav kho mob nrog tshuaj. Piv txwv li, ua ntej kho tag nrho cov phab ntsa, hauv pem teb, racks nrog chlorophos nrog cuprosan thiab tom qab ntawd ua txhua yam rau 6 teev. Los yog kho chav nrog concentrated 40% formalin los yog sib tov ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab txiv qaub. Ua ntej, cov phab ntsa, hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog 1% tov ntawm alkali chloride. Tom qab ntawd fumigate chav nrog formaldehyde. Rau 100 square meters, koj yuav tsum noj 2 litres ntawm 40% formalin thiab 400 g ntawm bleach. Muab cov tshuaj dawb tso rau hauv cov thawv qhib enameled lossis porcelain. Npaj cov tais diav nrog txiv qaub rau hauv pem teb hla tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm u2bu4bthe chav, ntxiv formaldehyde. Cov roj formaldehyde yuav tau txais, uas yuav ntim tag nrho chav. Ncuav formaldehyde nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia los ntawm sab hauv ntawm chav tsev mus rau qhov tawm. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua sai heev. Tom qab ntawd kaw lub qhov rooj rau XNUMX hnub. Tom qab ntawd tso cua tawm hauv chav rau XNUMX hnub.

Koj tuaj yeem txau nws nrog 4% tshuaj dawb. Yog vim li cas dilute tus nqi ntawm txiv qaub nyob rau hauv ib tug me me dej. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv ib lub tais ntoo. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej kom tau txais kev daws ntawm qhov xav tau concentration, thiab tawm mus rau infuse rau 2 teev. Txau chav nrog cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd kaw rau 2 hnub. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua 15 hnub ua ntej kev taw qhia ntawm substrate. Cov tshuaj chlorine yuav tsum tau evaporate.

Formalin kuj tseem tuaj yeem txau rau ntawm qhov chaw. Rau 10 liv dej, noj 0,25 liv ntawm 40% formalin. Rau 100 m ntawm chav tsev, 20 litres ntawm kev daws yuav tsum tau. Chav tsev yuav tsum tau zoo txau thiab kaw nruj nreem rau 2 hnub. Ces ventilate.

Formalin yog ib qho cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob nceb. Tab sis nws xyaum tsis tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsis tas yuav rhuav tshem cov kab mob fungal.

Qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob yog feem ntau plua plav nrog spores. Ua ntej txhua lub qhov rooj, koj yuav tsum muab ib daim ntaub ntub dej so rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Txhua tus neeg uas nkag mus hauv chav yuav tsum tau nqis los ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua txhua tag kis sawv ntxov yuav tsum tau watered nrog 2% formalin daws. Tag nrho cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv tib txoj kev daws teeb meem.

Rau kev sau qoob loo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov pob tawb tshiab txhua lub sijhawm. Tsis txhob nqa lub thawv. Yog tias cov pob tawb qub raug coj mus, ces lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov tshuaj bleach. Yog tias cov nceb loj hlob hauv hnab yas, ces lawv tsis tas yuav tshuaj tua kab mob, vim lawv tsuas yog siv 1 zaug xwb. Cov thawv ntoo yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav thiab tua kab mob tom qab txhua tus sau. Cov yav tas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntau zaus nrog chav rau 12 teev, los yog rau qhov no, tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, piv txwv li sodium pentachlorophenolate. Thaum thawj lub cim ntawm cov tsos ntawm nematodes, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv qub thiab yuav ib lub tshiab.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv mycelium los ntawm extraneous kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv nrog rau cov cuab yeej, khoom siv, ntawm cov khaub ncaws, nrog rau cov av npog, compost, thaum ua pa. Tag nrho cov khoom uas tau coj mus rau hauv mycelium yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej. Cov cua los ntawm qhov cua tshuab yuav tsum tau lim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los ua qhov no thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj tuaj yeem coj zoo li cov ntxaij lim dej. Yog tias muaj huab cua loj heev tau tsav, ces qhov no nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntaub thaiv dej, piv txwv li, cia huab cua dhau los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv dej, xws li los ntawm dej tsaws tsag.

Muaj ib yam xws li "qhov rooj nkag ntawm kev kis mob." Qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm qhov nkag mus rau mycelium - qhov no yog lub rooj vag thiab kis kab mob ntawm fungi - yuav tsum huv si. Lub pob zeb compost yuav tsum tau npaj kom deb li deb tau ntawm qhov nkag. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nws nyob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account xws li ib qho tseem ceeb xws li cua. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj ib lub pob khib nyiab ntawm sab leeward los ntawm qhov nkag. Nyob ze ntawm qhov nkag mus rau mycelium yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov ntoo tuab tuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov khib nyiab pov tseg, vim tias lawv yog qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob.

Kev lag luam qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem, yog tias muaj, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.

Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv zoo li no, ntau myceliums tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob cab. Hauv qhov no, tib txoj kev ntsuas kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob yuav yog qhov kev sib cais tag nrho ntawm cov chaw no. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob, tsis txhob saib xyuas cov qoob loo. Yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau yog sprinkled nrog poov tshuaj los yog ntau ntsev, chalk, ncuav nrog formalin, kho nrog methylene bromide, uas yog, nws yog tso cai rau siv tej yam khoom muaj zog uas yuav ua kom puas qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chav tsis huv, kev kho cua sov yog ua ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm.

Tag nrho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv kev npaj ntawm substrate thiab compost yuav tsum nruj me ntsis saib xyuas. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj zoo compost, mycelium tsim sai heev thiab inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Cov khoom ntawm compost no hu ua selectivity. Nws txhais tau tias tsim tej yam kev mob rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib yam kab mob. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm substrate yog txiav txim siab yooj yim heev - qhov no yog yog tias nws qhov kub thiab av noo sib haum rau cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav fruiting ntawm nceb.

Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum pib qhov twg mycelium yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab txav mus rau cov chaw uas cov txheej txheem loj hlob xaus nrog kev sau qoob loo. Nws yog muaj tias cov kab mob parasitic thiab sib tw sib sau ua ke, thiab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv lawv hauv cov kab mob fungi, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txo qis. Cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau sau thiab ntxuav raws nraim qhov kev txiav txim qhia - los ntawm cov nceb hluas mus rau cov laus. Cov huab cua kuj yuav tsum tau tshuab nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev - los ntawm cov hluas kab lis kev cai mus rau cov laus. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tam sim ntawd txawm tias thaum tsim chav. Thaum tsiv ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau lwm qhov, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav tes nrog xab npum thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum sau, tsis txhob khaws cov nceb muaj kab mob - lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib qho ntxiv. Cov nceb, txawm tias nyob hauv tsev, ib txwm hnov ​​​​qhov hloov ntawm lub caij. Thiab qhov tshwm sim siab tshaj plaws yog ib txwm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cog cov nceb kom qhov pib ntawm lawv cov qoob loo tsis poob rau lub caij ntuj sov.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog tshuaj tua kab thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem. Ua ntej, tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm mycelium ntawm fungi yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv mycelium nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv tsawg concentrations. Lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov npog npog los yog compost, los yog yaj hauv dej thiab nchuav saum txaj nrog cov tshuaj no. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kab mob thaum kawg tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau hloov pauv nrog cov tshiab. Muaj ntau ntau hom tshuaj tua kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab cov tshuaj tshiab tshwm sim txhua hnub. Tab sis lawv lub hauv paus yuav luag ib txwm zoo ib yam.

Kev npaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau tsim, yog li tsuas yog siv cov khoom cog kom noj qab haus huv xwb. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov lim dej zoo rau ntawm qhov cua thiab ua kom zoo thermal kho, uas cov kab mob fungal yuav tuag, vim tias nws yog los ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob kis.

Muaj ib qho kev kho mob zoo heev rau cov kab mob: lub txaj yuav tsum tau watered nrog 0,25% tshuaj dawb. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, ib cheeb tsam dub yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim nyob rau hauv lub npog txheej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yuav luag tag nrho cov aqueous daws nrog halogens yog zoo tiv thaiv kab mob.

Malathion, diazinon, dichlorvos, endosulfan thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab yuav pab tua kab. Diazinon yog ib tug prophylactic tus neeg sawv cev; npliag myceliums sab hauv thiab sab nraud yog kho nrog lawv ib hlis ib zaug thaum sau qoob. Yog hais tias pasteurization yog nqa tawm ntawm racks hauv chav, ces kev kho mob nrog diazinon yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej pasteurization, sowing thiab ua noj.

Dichlorvos nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev yog kho txhua lub lim tiam. Nws kuj yog siv nrog ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab tsuag. Piv txwv li, nrog kev loj hlob loj ntawm springtails, hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa hauv lub hlwb yuav tsum tau txau nrog 0,03% tov ntawm dichlorvos. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij hloov 2 tshuaj tua kab ib zaug. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov kab tsuag kom yoog. Yog lawm, thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov thiab pasteurization ntawm substrate, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kab - nyob rau hauv txhua qhov tawg thiab tawg, lim cua.

Txhua yam kev huv huv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tawm tsam cov neeg sib tw fungal thiab cov kab mob cab. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los tawm tsam tshwj xeeb nrog cov tshuaj txhais tau tias, vim tias fungicides tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo puas. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob fungicide yog benomyl. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov npe fundazol thiab benlat. Cov tshuaj no muaj tib yam tshuaj nquag, tab sis yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Fundazol yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua concentration dua lwm yam 2 tus neeg sawv cev, vim nws yog me ntsis phem nyob rau hauv zoo.

Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib koob ntawm 15 g / m ua ntej backfilling thaum moistening txheej sib tov. Yog tias muaj kev hem thawj tiag tiag ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob dawb lossis qhuav rot, pwm, tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 45 g / m. Thaum muaj kab mob fungal, mycelium yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj ntawm koob tshuaj 1 g / m. Koj tuaj yeem siv mancozeb, zineb, maneb.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los npaj kev sib ntaus tawm tsam nematodes thiab zuam. Lawv sau nyob rau hauv lub compost thiab pub rau mycelium ntawm cultivated fungus. Ntawm no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog los pasteurize lub substrate zoo. Parachlorophenolate thiab pentachlorophenolate tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam nematodes. Lawv impregnate tag nrho cov ntoo thiab cov khoom. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem txau rau ntawm chav tsev ob peb hnub ua ntej composting. Cov tshuaj no muaj zog antiseptics. Lawv kuj yooj yim los hloov nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, xws li carbolic acid. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog tag nrho cov tshuaj decompose los yog volatilize. Muaj ntau ntau nyob rau hauv fruiting lub cev ntawm nceb. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj siv tshuaj tua kab mob, kab mob thiab kab tsuag yuav tsum tau siv kom zoo thiab me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob siv tib cov qauv kev ua haujlwm uas tau muab rau hauv cov phau ntawv rau cov neeg ua teb thiab cov neeg ua teb, txawm tias siv cov kev npaj tib yam.

Yog tias cov nceb yuav luag npaj rau lawv cov khoom sau, ces cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tuaj yeem siv. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj ntsuab infusions. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb piv rau cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lawv txau cov nceb, tom qab ntawd tam sim ntawd koj tuaj yeem nqa nws thiab noj nws. Tau kawg, herbal infusions muaj cov nyhuv me me thiab tsis daws qhov teeb meem tag nrho raws li cov neeg ua hauj lwm tshuaj ua. Tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm kev siv cov infusions nyob txhua qhov chaw, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm saj, xim thiab tsw ntawm nceb.

Qej sprayer repels kab thiab kab mob fungal. Nws qhov kev txiav txim kav ntev txog 10 hnub. Txhawm rau npaj xws li infusion, koj yuav tsum tau chop 90 g ntawm qej nrog qej crusher, ncuav 10 ml ntawm unflavored roj rau hauv gruel. Tom qab ob hnub, sib tov cov roj sib tov nrog dej soapy. Cov yav tas yog npaj raws li nram no: 10 g ntawm xab npum yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv 500 ml ntawm dej, sib tov zoo thiab sab laug rau ib hnub. Tom qab ntawd lim cov sib tov thiab khaws cia rau hauv ib lub thawv kaw nruj nreem. Cov tshuaj tsuag yog npaj raws li nram no: 1 feem ntawm qhov sib tov yog diluted nyob rau hauv 100 qhov chaw ntawm dej. Yog tias tus kab mob kis tau siab, ces yuav tsum tau haus dej tsawg dua.

Koj tuaj yeem npaj infusions ntawm qee cov tshuaj ntsuab. Piv txwv li, lavender thiab tansy tua yoov. Txhawm rau npaj cov infusion, ncuav tshiab lossis qhuav raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog boiling dej. Ntawm no, cov proportions tsis tas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam - lub zog ntawm infusion nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob ntawm mycelium.