txheem
Mushroom pwm yog cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws uas cov neeg cog qoob loo ntsib thaum yug me nyuam champignons thiab oyster nceb. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv cov pwm ntawm cov nceb tshiab, thiab kev tiv thaiv qoob loo yog nyob rau hauv kev ua raws sijhawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Lub ntsiab hom ntawm fungi pwm yog ntsuab, daj, daj-ntsuab, confetti, carmine, kab laug sab thiab txiv ntseej. Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm pwm ntawm nceb thaum cog yog piav qhia nyob rau hauv nthuav dav ntawm nplooj ntawv no.
Vim li cas cov pwm ntsuab tshwm ntawm cov nceb?
Ntsuab pwm, raws li txoj cai, cuam tshuam rau champignons loj hlob hauv chav loj. Yog vim li cas vim li cas cov pwm ntsuab tshwm nyob rau hauv cov nceb yog ntau hom skae-yutsht, lawv tau dav heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub substrate nrog rau cov khoom pib. Lawv, nrog rau lwm yam kab mob, kuj koom nrog hauv fermentation. Cov kab mob no tsis raug kev txom nyem thaum kub kub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kab mob seem tuag, thiab cov fungus no pib tsim txawm sai dua, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib tw. Lub mycelium ntawm no fungus yog ib tug nyias hyphae uas permeates tag nrho cov substrate thiab muab nws tsis hnov tsw ntawm cellar thiab pwm. Mushroom mycelium tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, vim nws tsis pom cov as-ham. Nws tuag sai heev. Thiab cov kab mob fungus tsim spores. Yog li ntawd, buds ntawm lub teeb ntsuab, txiv ntseej ntsuab, xim dub tshwm nyob rau ntawm substrate. Cov fungus spores yog sau nrog ntsuab spores. Tsis tas li ntawd, ammonia nyob rau hauv lub substrate thiab tsis muaj huab cua ntshiab tsuas txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov fungus. Yog tias cov qaib quav tsis sib npaug hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke, ces qhov no kuj qee zaum ua rau cov pwm ntsuab.
Cov nceb kab mob ntsuab zoo li cas yog pom hauv daim duab:
Cov pwm ntsuab tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Yog vim li cas cov khoom pib rau substrates yuav tsum tau noj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog npaum li cas thiab kom raug composted. Cov txheej txheem pasteurization nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li, tsis txhob overheating nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.
Nws tso cai rau co lub substrate cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob dua. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qoob loo qis. Ua ntej xws li manipulation, lub substrate feem ntau yog sprinkled nrog superphosphate hmoov.
Xim av thiab daj pwm ntawm oyster nceb thiab champignons
xim av pwm feem ntau cuam tshuam rau oyster nceb thiab champignons. Nws cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob saprophytic fungus. Pwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm lub substrate ua ntej lossis tom qab siv cov khoom siv npog. Thaum xub thawj, cov pwm yog dawb thiab fluffy, thiab tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua xim av-grey, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov quav hniav. Yog tias koj pat nws nrog koj txhais tes lossis dej nws, ces plua plav tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum cov nceb mycelium germinates nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv npog, lub nceb pwm disappears.
Tus kab mob no tsuas yog tiv thaiv tau, tsis muaj kev kho. Raws li kev tiv thaiv, cov ntaub npog yuav tsum tau kho nrog foundationazole. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob compost rau hauv av.
pwm daj kuj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau champignons. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob parasitic fungus Myceliophtora lutea; Cov kab mob no yog ib qho txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau champignons. Xws li ib tug fungus tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov - nws parasitizes ntawm mycelium qus-loj hlob ntawm ntau yam fungi. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub substrate, nws tsim tsuas yog hais tias muaj champignon mycelium nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw. Ib tug dawb mycelium tshwm nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npog thiab substrate. Tom qab ntawd, spores yog tsim thiab cov chaw cuam tshuam ua daj. Lub substrate nws tus kheej pib tsw zoo li tooj liab oxide, los yog carbide. Cov spores ntawm fungus yog heev resistant rau kub, lawv tsis tuag thaum lub sij hawm pasteurization thiab nqa tau nrog av, paug substrate, los ntawm tib neeg txhais tes thiab cov cuab yeej.
Rau kev tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev cai huv huv, kom zoo compost. Yog hais tias lub substrate yog kis, ces txhua yam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nceb yuav tsum tau txau txhua lub lim tiam nrog ib tug 4% formalin tov. Thiab tom qab txhua qhov cuam tshuam, nws yuav tsum tau txau cov dab tshos nrog 1% kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate. Cov kab mob substrate kuj raug kho nrog 1% kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd coj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg. Cov substrate no tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov organic chiv. Txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau muab steamed ntawm 12 ° C rau 72 teev tom qab txhua cov qoob loo tig.
Yuav ua li cas yog confetti pwm tshwm ntawm nceb
daj pwm confetti – Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob sib txawv, txawv ntawm cov pwm daj li niaj zaus. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm lwm hom kab mob parasitic fungus. Dawb mycelium yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub substrate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tawg me ntsis. Lawv tig daj me ntsis tom qab thiab ua daj-xim av. Cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.
Tsim ib txhij nrog nceb mycelium, tus kab mob no maj mam pib dominate nws. Cov pob tuaj yeem pom meej ntawm lub hnab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xyuas lawv los ntawm kev nchuav lub substrate tawm ntawm lub hnab rau hauv daim ntawv thiab muab faib rau hauv kab rov tav txheej. Cov pwm feem ntau yog xim txawv dua li cov nceb mycelium - nws ib txwm greyish-nyiaj. Kev tsim kho, tus kab mob muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nceb. Nws thawj zaug qeeb, ces thaum kawg nres.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pwm tshwm sim nyob rau 50-60 hnub tom qab sowing mycelium. Yog li ntawd, tom qab fruiting tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag champignon, qhov ntau dua qhov poob yuav.
Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal no tuag ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 ° C thiab siab dua. Ntau zaus, tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm substrate, qee zaum kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov av. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate thaum nws tshem tawm ntawm lub chamber. Spores yog coj los ntawm cua nrog rau cov hmoov av los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze champignons los yog los ntawm ib tug siv substrate. Cov khoom siv av kuj tuaj yeem kis tau. Spores yog nqa nrog cov khaub ncaws thiab khau, nrog rau cov cuab yeej, zuam, nas, nceb yoov, thiab lwm yam.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai huv huv ob qho tib si hauv cov nroj tsuag champignon nws tus kheej thiab hauv thaj chaw uas nyob ib puag ncig nws. Composting yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob rau hauv pem teb av. Lub substrate yuav tsum tau pasteurized kom zoo rau 12 teev ntawm 60 ° C. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov hnab ua los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer, uas yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob thaum tso cov nceb. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis raws li (kev npaj ntawm yug me nyuam substrate, sai germination ntawm mycelium, sib tov nws nrog pasteurized substrate, thiab lwm yam) uas ua rau kom loj hlob ntawm mycelium thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim. Qhov no yuav pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qoob loo poob.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov nceb tau npog nrog pwm, ces qhov kev txiav ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab cov khoom siv npog yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab sau rau hauv lub hnab ntawm polymer zaj duab xis thiab muab tais rau hauv ib lub qhov tshwj xeeb npaj rau qhov no. Cov khib nyiab no yuav tsum tau watered txhua hnub nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Lub qhov yuav tsum tau npog nrog lub ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov chav uas cov champignon tau ntim yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tua kab mob txhua hnub nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Txhua qhov qhib qhov cua yuav tsum tau them nrog cov nets. Ua ntej thiab tom qab ua haujlwm hauv cov nceb, koj yuav tsum ntxuav tag nrho cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, ntxuav cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm, ntxuav thiab tua cov khau nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate, thiab ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog xab npum thiab dej.
Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv pwm pwm yog kev tiv thaiv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm txhua theem ntawm cov nceb nceb.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pwm los ntawm cov nceb, tag nrho thaj chaw hauv champignon yuav tsum tau txau ib zaug ib lub lim tiam nrog 1% kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate. Cov substrate siv yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate ua ntej tshem tawm ntawm cov nceb. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov organic chiv tsuas yog qhov tsis muaj nceb. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau steamed nrog rau cov substrate.
daj ntsuab nceb pwm
pwm daj-ntsuab cov substrate hauv champignons feem ntau cuam tshuam. Nceb ua tsis muaj zog, grey hauv cov xim; lub mycelium maj mam tuag. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, mouldy nceb nrog daj-ntsuab spores thiab dawb mycelium yog tsim. Nws muaj ib tug yam ntxwv musty tsw thiab hnov nkig. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam pwm. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib txhij, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los cais lawv. Hom pwm no muaj nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate nrog rau cov khoom pib thiab, nrog rau lwm yam kab mob, koom nrog hauv composting. Cov pwm daj-ntsuab pib tsim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 45 ° C. Nws tuag tag nrog pasteurization zoo. Yog tias pasteurization ua tiav hauv kev ntseeg tsis zoo, thiab lub substrate nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis zoo, ces cov pwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov nceb mycelium sai sai thaum pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Tus kab mob no muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate zoo. Cov peev txheej ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob pov tseg, uas tau tawg nyob ze ntawm cov champignons thiab qhov chaw composting, cua thiab plua plav, khau, cov cuab yeej. Nws lig dhau los xav txog yuav ua li cas thaum cov nceb twb pwm lawm. Yog hais tias tus kab mob yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub lig lub sij hawm, thaum lub mycelium yog tag nrho tsim thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim tau pib, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qoob loo poob me ntsis.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev nyiam huv ntawm qhov chaw sib xyaw. Tsis txhob siv cov noog uas khaws cia ntev. Composting yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai thiab muab tso rau hauv pawg pawg. Lub substrate yuav tsum tau txais kev kho cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau moistened tam sim ntawd tom qab tshem tawm cov nceb los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hnub cua daj cua dub, nws yog undesirable los ntxuav nws. Lub substrate siv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm hauv hnab yas. Ntxuav cov nceb tsis tu ncua thiab tua cov kab mob fungicides.
Lwm hom pwm pwm
carmine pwm tshwm sim los ntawm fungus Sporendomena purpurescens Bon. Nws tshwm sim thaum fruiting nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb puffs los yog ib tug npog ntawm mycelium ntawm lumps ntawm integumentary khoom. Lub mycelium ntawm cov pwm no txhim kho sai heev thiab npog tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw. Tsis nqus dej thaum ywg dej. Hauv champignon, fruiting thawj zaug txo, ces nres tag nrho. Lub mycelium ntawm pwm hloov daj, tom qab ntawd ua cherry liab thiab sporulation pib. Cov fungus no nyiam heev ntawm nitrogen thiab tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug substrate nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nws. Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm lub substrate ua 10-18 ° C, ces txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pwm fungus nce, thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cultivated fungus, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, slows down.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, lub substrate supersaturated nrog nitrogen thiab waterlogged yuav tsum tau zam. Nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo thov. Thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov ntawm lub substrate, yuav tsum muaj ib tug influx ntawm huab cua ntshiab. Ammonia yuav tsum tau tso tawm tag nrho. Qhov kub ntawm lub substrate yuav tsum yeej ib txwm zoo rau cov cultivated fungus.
Kab laug sab web thiab txiv ntseej pwm - cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm oyster nceb. Lawv tshwm sim ntawm substrate thiab inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov kab mob no yog ntsev. Nws feem ntau yog nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj kab mob. Ntsev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob kis mus ntxiv.