Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm multilevel, feem ntau hom ntawm chav kawm yog ob-theem chav kawm, vim nws sawv cev 86% ntawm cov neeg mobRaws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm FCPE. Cov chav kawm triple-theem sawv cev tsuas yog 11% ntawm cov chav kawm ntau qib. Hauv xyoo 2016, 72% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog tau kawm hauv ntau chav kawm, piv rau 29% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv nroog. 

Txawm li cas los xij, lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm kev yug me nyuam, thiab thaum kawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas tau pom zoo rau ntau xyoo, muaj qhov tseeb kev siv cov chav kawm ob theem, txawm nyob hauv plawv Paris, qhov twg tus nqi ntawm cov tsev feem ntau yuam cov tsev neeg tsiv mus nyob rau hauv suburbs. Cov tsev kawm ntawv me me nyob deb nroog, rau lawv feem, feem ntau tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis tsim cov chav kawm dual-theem. Cov kev teeb tsa nquag tshaj plaws yog CM1 / CM2 lossis CE1 / CE2. Raws li CP yog lub xyoo tshwj xeeb nrog lub peev tseem ceeb rau kev kawm nyeem ntawv, nws feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv ib theem, kom deb li deb tau, lossis sib koom nrog CE1, tab sis tsis tshua muaj ob theem nrog CM.

Rau cov niam txiv, kev tshaj tawm ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv chav kawm ob qib feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ntxhov siab, lossis tsawg kawg ntawm cov lus nug : 

  • Kuv tus menyuam puas yuav mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv kev ua haujlwm?
  • puas yog nws tsis nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai ntawm regressing? (yog tias nws yog piv txwv hauv CM2 hauv chav kawm CM1 / CM2)
  • Kuv tus menyuam puas muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj haujlwm rau lawv qib?
  • Puas yog nws tsis zoo li yuav ua tau tsawg dua li cov uas tau kawm hauv chav kawm ib-qib?

Cov chav kawm ob theem: yuav ua li cas yog tias nws yog lub caij nyoog?

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb yuav tsum ntseeg ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm cov ncauj lus, Cov chav kawm ob theem yuav zoo rau cov menyuam yaus, nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Muaj tseeb tiag, ntawm lub koom haum, muaj qee zaum ob peb hnub ntawm kev tsis txaus siab (koj yuav tau paub qhov no thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo), vim tias tsis yog koj yuav tsum cais cov chav kawm "lub cev" (lub voj voog 2 ntawm ib sab, lub voj voog 3 ntawm lwm qhov), tab sis ntxiv rau nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau cais cov sijhawm.

Tab sis cov menyuam yaus nkag siab sai sai seb qhov no lossis qhov kev tawm dag zog no yog rau lawv lossis tsis yog, thiab lawv tau nce sai dua li lwm tus hauv kev ywj pheej. Raws li tus kws qhia ntawv saib, kev sib cuam tshuam tiag tiag tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm ob "chav kawm" uas koom nrog qee yam kev ua ub no (plastic arts, suab paj nruag, kev ua si, thiab lwm yam), txawm tias cov txuj ci yuav tsum tau teev tseg los ntawm qib.

Ib yam li ntawd, lub neej ntawm chav kawm (kev tu cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu) yog nqa tawm ua ke. Nyob rau hauv tej chav kawm, cov "me me" yog rub los ntawm cov loj, thaum "cov loj" muaj nuj nqis thiab xav tias ntau "mature" : Hauv computer science, piv txwv li, "cov loj" tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov kws qhia me me, thiab txaus siab los qhia cov txuj ci tau txais.

Hauv luv, tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, nws yog lub sijhawm rau Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws los hloov npe cov "cov chav kawm ob qib" hauv "ob chav kawm ob chav". Uas yuav ntshai niam txiv ntau dua. Thiab yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam lawv cov kev ua haujlwm modus ntau ntxiv.

Ntxiv mus, nws yuav yog naive ntseeg hais tias cov chav kawm ib theem yog ib tug tiag tiag : muaj ib txwm me me "latecomers", lossis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas mus nrawm dua li lwm tus kom sib xyaw cov ntsiab lus, uas ua rau tus xibfwb hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, hloov kho. Heterogeneity yog tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, thiab koj yuav tsum tau nrog nws.

Ob chav kawm qib: qhov zoo

  • Kev sib raug zoo ntawm "me" thiab "loj", qee qhov kev xav tau txhawb nqa, lwm tus muaj nuj nqis; 
  • kev sib nrig sib pab thiab autonomy nyiam, uas txhawb kev kawm;
  • cov ciam teb los ntawm pawg hnub nyoog tsis tshua muaj cim;
  • Lub sijhawm sib tham sib tham muaj nyob rau ob theem
  • lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshawb pom tuaj yeem sib koom, tab sis kuj txawv
  • ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo heev los ntawm lub sijhawm, nrog tus yuam sij rau tswj lub sijhawm zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Ob chav chav kawm: dab tsi drawbacks?

  • qee cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev ywj pheej tsis zoo yuav nyuaj rau kev hloov mus rau lub koom haum no, tsawg kawg thaum pib;
  • lub koom haum no nug ntau yam kev npaj thiab koom haum rau tus kws qhia ntawv, leej twg yuav tsum juggle txawv tsev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam (nws peev hauv chav kawm no kuj yuav txawv yog tias nws yog ib chav kawm xaiv los yog ib tug endured chav kawm);
  • cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem kev kawm, leej twg yuav xav tau sijhawm ntau ntxiv los ua kom cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, qee zaum muaj teeb meem ua raws.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob txhawj ntau dhau: koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem vam meej hauv chav kawm ob qib. Los ntawm kev ua raws li nws txoj kev vam meej, los ntawm kev ua tib zoo mloog nws txoj kev xav, koj yuav muaj peev xwm, nyob rau hnub, los xyuas tias koj tus menyuam nyiam nws chav kawm. 

Sau ntawv cia Ncua